Reliability of scientific provisions. The degree of validity of scientific provisions, conclusions and recommendations Confirmation methods
Transcript.
1 o t z s in official opponent, doctors of economic sciences, Professor Artemova Elena Igorevna on the dissertation work of Bailen Angelica Rashitovna on the topic "Economic efficiency of the functioning of the APC veterinary infrastructure" submitted for the degree of candidate of economic sciences in the specialty economics and management of the national economy: Economy, organization and management of enterprises, sectors, complexes: APK and Agriculture in the dissertation council D with FGBOU VPO "Stavropol State Agrarian University" The relevance of the topic of dissertation research The effectiveness of the functioning of domestic animal husbandry is largely determined by the state of the veterinary service system, and animal diseases are a serious threat. Not only for the development of the industry, but also for the health and well-being of society as a whole. Therefore, the need for integrated approaches to determining the purpose and objectives, the effectiveness of the functioning of the veterinary infrastructure of the agro-industrial complex, both taking into account the accumulated experience and from the point of view of directions further developmentIs important a problem and discussed by researchers from different countries. From position ecosystem approaches and increasing processes of globalization, scientists consider the role of veterinary medicine in ensuring food security, prevention and combating common diseases for humans and animal diseases, protection ambient. However, the departure from traditional views on the role and function of veterinary medicine is associated with a number of problems. In particular, the development of methodological approaches to evaluating the results of veterinary services, including in terms of its economic efficiency. Methods for assessing the effectiveness of individual veterinary measures or systems for the prevention of specific diseases and the treatment of animals are sufficiently developed and widely used in scientific research and in practice. To justify the choice of the most effective means of animal protection, various methods from the survey and the calculation of the expected damage before the construction of economic and mathematical
2 2 models. However, the evaluation of the efficiency of veterinary services as the infrastructure subsystem of the territorial agrarian system, as well as the socio-economic system as a whole, has not received a sufficient justification. This issue is particularly important in the face of the currently established organizational and economic reform of the state veterinary service in Russia. Depending on how the results of the veterinary service work will be evaluated, the directions and the rates of its further reform will be determined, including given its role in ensuring the health and well-being of society. By virtue of these arguments, the relevance of the dissertation study by Baycherova A.R. No doubt. The importance of these problems, an insufficient study of individual theoretical and applied aspects in relation to modern conditions has been determined by the logic of the work and the range of issues in it. The degree of validity of scientific provisions, conclusions and recommendations in the submitted work The author used a sufficiently large amount of theoretical material and statistical data. The main provisions, recommendations and conclusions contained in the thesis are submitted scientifically substantiated and reliable, which is confirmed by a deep analysis of a representative array of information using various methods: analytical, monographic, economic and statistical, canonical correlations, system analysis and synthesis, an expert survey, abstract logical, comparative, graphic, calculating-structural. The analysis was carried out on an extensive empirical factory base, which includes the development of animal husbandry and the functioning of the veterinary service 26 municipal districts and 5 urban districts of the Stavropol Territory. The choice of the system of indicators based on the assessment of the economic efficiency of the veterinary service of the Stavropol Territory is sufficiently reasonable, and their proposals for improving the organizational economic foundations of its functioning can be used in any subject of the Russian Federation.
3 3 Reliability and novelty of scientific provisions, conclusions and recommendations Reliability of the conclusions and the results of the dissertation work Baycherova A.R. Provided by a container with a meaningful analysis, the use of a complex of economic and statistical methods implemented using modern computing equipment and is no doubt, since the results obtained during the study are based on a deep theoretical study of the foundations of the functioning of the veterinary infrastructure of the APC, identifying trends and justification of the development prospects of veterinary Services of agricultural animals in the Stavropol Territory. The scientific novelty is determined by the results obtained in the process of research and consisting in theoretical substantiation of approaches and methodological developments In the field of assessing the economic efficiency of the functioning of veterinary infrastructure, as well as the substantiation of recommendations on improving the functioning of veterinary infrastructure (p.6). The main elements of the scientific novelty should include the addition and systematization of theoretical ideas about the essence of veterinary service as an infrastructure component of the agro-industrial complex and the rationale for the development of market relations based on the identification of signs of natural monopoly in terms of public utility (C). The author has expanded an understanding of the effect of the functioning of a veterinary infrastructure from the standpoint of achieving a strategic goal - to ensure veterinary well-being, manifested not only in terms of the internal result (reduction of the incidence of farm animals), but also in an external component, which includes a decrease in the damage caused by the environment and the health of the population (p. 54-56). The dissertation is substantiated proposals for improving the method of a comprehensive assessment of the functioning of veterinary infrastructure, allowing to calculate the integrated coefficient of economic efficiency of providing veterinary well-being and develop a system of indicators to increase the motivation of the staff of veterinary stations in achieving strategic goals (c).
4 4 Deserve approval of the author's attempt to identify with the help of an expert survey and systematize the organizational and economic directions of improving the activities of the veterinary service (C). Suggested by Baycherova A.R. Developments in terms of regulation of prices for veterinary services, the formation of a Unified Fund for the Development of the Regional Veterinary Service and Improving the State Object Planning System, are distinguished by the novelty and originality (C). Compliance of the thesis and the author's abstract requirements of the WAK dissertation and the author's abstract comply with the requirements for their construction, structure and design, meet the main provisions of VAC. The study was carried out in the framework of the "Economy, organization and management of enterprises, industries, complexes: AIC and Agriculture", corresponds to P "Efficiency of the functioning of industries and enterprises of the APC", "State regulation of agriculture and other industries of the APK" Passports of the VAC specialties under the Ministry of Education and science of the Russian Federation. Author's abstract and published scientific works of the applicant fully reflect the main content of the thesis. The main results of the dissertation study were reported at international, All-Russian and regional scientific and practical conferences. On the topic of the dissertation published 12 scientific papers with a total volume of 12.47 P.L., including 3 articles in publications from the list of Russian peer-reviewed scientific journals for publishing the main results of dissertations. Personal contribution of the applicant and the representativeness of the empirical material Personal contribution of the dissertant is ensured by increasing scientific knowledge about the development of the veterinary infrastructure of the agro-industrial complex, as one of the most important tools for ensuring food security and well-being of the population. In theoretical terms, the author's personal contribution is to develop the theoretical foundations of the formation of market relations in infrastructure industries and effectiveness theory in relation to veterinary infrastructure.
5 5 In the methodological plan, approaches to assessing the economic efficiency of the functioning of veterinary service entities, allowing to judge the situation in the field of providing veterinary well-being. In practical terms, the study was brought to specific recommendations that can be used by federal and regional executive authorities in the field of veterinary medicine to develop forms of effective impact on the development of veterinary services. There is no complaints and representativeness of empirical material (6 years), which characterizes the activities of the state veterinary service of the Stavropol Territory. Evaluation of the dissertation and its completion thesis and the author's abstract written in accordance with the requirements of the WAK reflect the logic and completion of the study. The work is set out on the 171 page of the computer text and consists of an introduction, three chapters, conclusions and proposals, a list of used literature (187 name). The work contains 19 tables, 15 drawings and 19 applications. In the introduction, the relevance of the problem under study is substantiated, the goal, the tasks of work, the scientific and practical significance of the research results are determined. The formulation of the objective of the study determined the directions of scientific research, consisting of the study of theoretical approaches and accumulated methodological provisions of providing veterinary well-being of the territory by forming a comprehensive system of support for the state veterinary service at all levels of operation. The solution of a number of tasks has contributed to achieving the goal, in the process of which a reasonable scientific view for a significant role of the functioning of a veterinary infrastructure in providing veterinary well-being, the processes of deepening market transformations in the studied sector, the substantiation of the areas of improving the activities of the veterinary service and the methodology for evaluating its effectiveness is formed. In the first chapter, the theoretical foundations of the economy of veterinary and evaluation of its effectiveness are summarized theoretical provisions, as well as
6 6 reflects the views of scientists on the essence of the economic aspects of the veterinary business, as well as the features of the functioning of the veterinary service of agricultural animals, which allowed the author to clarify the concept of "veterinary infrastructure" and its specific features, including a natural monopoly nature. In addition, the author was conducted by their systematization, which made it possible to argue the directions of further transformation of the veterinary case (C). The study of the current approaches to the evaluation of the efficiency of veterinary services made it possible to the author to expand the understanding of the effect of the functioning of the veterinary infrastructure, highlighting the internal and external components (C). In the second chapter, the "Contemporary State of Veterinary Services in the Stavropol Territory" was conducted an analysis of the development of animal husbandry in the region in comparison with all-Russian trends, as well as in the context of administrative districts (P.68-72). Also, the author is given a detailed description of the functioning of the regional veterinary service (C), the effectiveness of its activities on the existing methodology, the results of which allowed to clarify the direction of improving the established methodological approaches (C). In the third chapter "Justification of the areas of increasing the effectiveness of the functioning of the Veterinary Infrastructure of the APK" Baycherova A.R. An improved method of a comprehensive assessment of the functioning of veterinary infrastructure, using the estimates of the internal efficiency of incidence and cases of animals, as the main indicators of the efficiency of the veterinary service, and, in assessing the external efficiency of the veterinary service, it is recommended to use indicators of economic efficiency of veterinary events that are manifested in related industries. (environmental protection and healthcare) (c). Undoubted interest is the author's proposals for the construction of a system of balanced indicators for the district veterinary SBJ, the Grachevsky district, which can also be applied in other territorial units of the veterinary service, taking into account the specifics of veterinary activities in this territory (c). Based on the expert survey of the heads of veterinary
7 7 institutions of all territorial units of veterinary management of the Stavropol Territory, the author systematized the organizational and economic directions of improving veterinary services, taking into account the priority for individual groups of its subjects (C). Taking into account the analysis of the reform of the State Veterinary Service Baycherova A.R. Methodical recommendations for regulating prices for paid veterinary services provided to the population (C) and determining the deductions to a single fund for the development of the regional veterinary service (C) is developed. To solve the problem in the field of improving the economic conditions of the functioning of district SBJ, the author proposed measures to improve the planning system and increasing the objectivity of the assessment of the implementation of the state task (c). A dissertation completes a brief conclusion, including the main conclusions and substantiated recommendations that have scientific and practical value. In general, the presented work indicates a high qualification of the applicant as a scientist. The work is well decorated, fully equipped with a graphic material, is presented in essentially, logically consistently, competently. However, along with the advantages of the presented thesis presented, there are deficiencies and omissions: 1. The conclusion about a safe veterinary environment in the Stavropol Territory (p. 84) does not correlate with the concept of veterinary well-being, a characterized by the author in section 1.3 (c) and information about the continued continuing Threat to the occurrence of outbreaks of the African plague of pigs (p. 80). 2. The authorized formula for calculating the integral coefficient of economic efficiency of ensuring veterinary well-being (C) does not find in the work of practical use. 3. Section 3.3 proposed the standards of deductions to the Unified Fund for the Development of the Regional Veterinary Service, but the organizational and legal issues of its formation and the procedure for use are not considered. 4. Improving the veterinary service system
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Feedback official opponent on the dissertation
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Full Name
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Name of the dissertation
For a scientific degree of candidate (doctor) of technical sciences in the specialty (pits) ________________________________________________________________
CIFR and the name of the specialty in accordance with the nomenclature of scientific specialties
Relevance of the topic
The relevance of the chief theme chosen the topic is no doubt. The subject of the dissertation work, in my opinion, is ... Questions ... remain difficult for research, because ... Currently, a well-known contradiction between ... This gives grounds to say that a scientific problem formulated in dissertation. .. is relevant. The decision of this problem will allow (importance to the industry (s) of science) ...
The degree of validity of scientific provisions, conclusions and recommendations
(Estimation of validity in the dissertation of the results by the author from the point of view of the opponent)
The author correctly uses well-known scientific methods to substantiate the results obtained, conclusions and recommendations. The author studied and critically analyzed the well-known achievements and theoretical provisions of other authors ... ... on issues ... The list of references contains ... names.
For analysis ... the author creates a technique (model) ..., allowing to identify patterns ...
The author finds an explanation for the fact ... with which you can agree, however, it is known from the work ... that ...
To confirm theoretical provisions, the author conducts experimental studies, the purpose of which is to establish communication between ...
Close results were obtained experimentally in the works ... but the conditions for their production did not take into account the influence of factors ... The accounting of these factors explains the differences in the values \u200b\u200b...
The validity of the results put forward by the applicant is based on the consistency of these experiment and scientific conclusions. So, experienced way It has been established that ... the close result was obtained and when calculating the values \u200b\u200b...
The accuracy of the experimental data is ensured by using modern funds and research methods. The situation of the theory is based on the well-known achievements of fundamental and applied scientific disciplines ... Mathematics and mathematical statistics, ... The Mathematical apparatus competently uses the dissertation ..., correctly introduces new concepts ...
Evaluation of novelty and reliability
(Assessment of the novelty Opponent and the accuracy of the results)
As a new scientific result, the dissertation is nominated ...:
In general, the results obtained by the author are new scientific knowledge ... Branches (joint sectors) knowledge. However, in my opinion, it requires more convincing evidence to the conclusion of the applicant about ... This, in particular, is evidenced by the following fact ...
Also, it was also premature to talk about sufficient validity of the situation pointing to ... Close results were obtained in research ..., however, they showed that ...
The results presented on the defense are consistent (not consistent) with the data obtained ... The well-known model obtained ... allows you to get results ... but excluding ...
The accuracy of theoretical results of work is confirmed by experimental data presented in well-known works ...
The main results of the thesis were published in ... printed works, they were repeatedly discussed at various conferences and symposia and received the approval of leading experts.
About reliability ..., in particular, says the examination of the data carried out ...
Comments on the dissertation work in general
1. The studies did not reflect the question ....
2. Causes doubt the conclusion about ....
3. There is an inaccurate statement of the following moments ....
4. Some results are descriptive character (p. ...) and without much damage can be reduced.
The noted flaws reduce the quality of research, but they do not affect the main theoretical and practical results of the thesis.
Conclusion
The dissertation is the finished research labor made by the author on its own at a high scientific level. The paper presents scientific results, allowing them to qualify as ... (one of the items of the sign that determines the nature of the dissertation results). The results obtained by the author are reliable, conclusions and conclusions are substantiated.
Work is based on a sufficient number of source data, examples and calculations. It is written intellibly, competently and neatly decorated. For each chapter and work in general, clear conclusions are made.
The abstract corresponds to the main content of thesis.
The dissertation work meets the requirements of the state of awarding scientists by degrees ", and its author (surname name patronymic) deserves awarding a scientific degree of a candidate (doctor) ... Sciences in the specialty (pits) ...
Official opponent _______________________
The signature of the official opponent is assured:
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The main part of all sections of the introduction in any scientific work is the validity and accuracy of both the existing scientific provisions and the results and those that are obtained following the work done.
In this section, the applicant for a scientific degree should be argued to prove and bring the scientific soil under the conclusions and recommendations that the latter are not a consequence of false conclusions.
In order for the scientific council to make sure the truth and feasibility of research and the results obtained under one or another dissertation work, it is necessary that the results are accurately confirmed on all types and classes of the subject of research on the scale of a particular object.
With similar or not highly different initial conditions, approximately the same results could be obtained once again.
How is the accuracy of scientific provisions prove?
To confirm either refute the truth, there are different ways.
- The first - there must be a reliable initial information about the subject of the study.
This is proved by analyzing such work on the same or extremely similar problem written before.
- The second is the application in the study of an already tested relevant scientific and methodological apparatus.
- Third. Confirmation by the method of verification - the production of such works on several research objects, the result of which - similar results.
Methods of confirmation of reliability
Also, such methods of confirmation of reliability are quite common: analyst, scientific experiments and direct practices.
- Analytics. It is possible to use it subject to the use of a mathematical apparatus to create models, i.e. Describe the resulting process of the number of numbers.
- Experimental method. Compare the results obtained: theoretical and practical. And on the basis of this, appropriate conclusions are made.
Subject to confirmation (truth) of scientific results, the percentage of matches of phenomena with the initially constructed theory is considered.
- In addition, confirmation of reliability occurs through the comparison of the presence, quality and amount of the material under study and the introduction of the results of the results in practical use experimentally.
Examples of presentation of the reliability of scientific provisions of the dissertation
The accuracy of the dissertation of thesis in the specialty 03.02.08 "Ecology":
As noted above, in the "Regulations on the procedure for award ...." The argument of the provisions and conclusions of the thesis is allocated as the necessary sign of the dissertation study. In addition, the point of the validity of these provisions, as a rule, stands out in the dissertation author's abstract, and is a mandatory component in the conclusion of the dissertation council, which is sent to the WAK of the Russian Federation.
Recall that it is understood under the mentioned terms that have a lot in common. Under O. bedroom is understood- bringing convincing arguments, or arguments, which should be taken to accept any statement or concept. The requirement for the validity of the knowledge gained is usually called the principle of a sufficient basis, which was formulated by the first-known German scientist by Libnitsa: "All existing has sufficient grounds for its existence." No phenomenon can be considered valid, no approval is true or fair without specifying its foundation. Reliability means confirmation, justification of the position of the situation in a significant way: theoretical methods, logical evidence, empirical confirmation, experimental data, social practice.
Applying these concepts to the dissertation study, it is possible to indicate the following evidence of the validity and reliability of its provisions and conclusions:
Use in the dissertation of the leading domestic and foreign scientists on the topic of the thesis ... ..;
A wide information base that includes state statistics data, regulatory documents, materials collected and processed by the author on the basis of primary sources of information .......;
The correct use of scientific methodology, in particular, such methods as ....;
The publication of the main provisions of the work and their testing ... (at scientific and practical conferences, in practical activity ... .., in educational activities, etc., which is confirmed by the documents on implementation).
Each of these items is one of the arguments in determining the reliability and reasonableness of the thesis provisions, however, they all need decoding and clarification.
As the first argument, it is most often indicated for the use of leading specialists in the work of the under study, the list of which is given in the introduction to the dissertation and in the author's abstract. This is quite acquitted because it shows that the author bases its position is not on an empty place, but on a solid foundation of previous researchers. But it is in theory. In practice, very often, this list is mainly mainly of the members of the dissertation council, the supervisor, opponents, authors of the recently read or seen monographs and articles. ... It is possible that all these people are indeed leading experts in the field of dissertation research theme, but, first, obviously, they are not limited to the list of specialists, but, secondly, if any author is included in this list It should be indicated, which is the contribution to the development of the problem.
Appeal to the analysis of literature in a large part of the dissertations of recent times, unfortunately, is only a "duty vest", it comes down to its surface review, and the choice of analyzed work occurs random, and not systematic.
An analysis of literature on the topic of the thesis should be considered by the dissertant as one of the main plots of work on a number of reasons. First, it has an independent meaning, being one of the science qualifications of the author. Watching literature, the quality of its analysis already contains information that shows the attentive reader (reviewer, opponent), how deep the author of the dissertation understands the topic as far as he is able to identify the main thing in the position of a particular author. Studying and analysis of literature should be started with a retrospective study of fundamental classical work, in which the main approaches to the problem under study are formulated, moving gradually to newer and private work. This will give the opportunity to identify the main directions of the development of the theory and practice of the knowledge under study, its patterns, solved and unresolved problems, skillfully approach the analysis of modern publications.
It is important to note at the same time, in each industry of knowledge, including in each area of \u200b\u200beconomic research, there are fundamental classical works, whose knowledge shows the level of the author's scientific erudition. Therefore, knowledge of such works should be shown in the thesis, an understanding of the contribution of the authors to the study of the problem, their importance for subsequent studies.
Secondly, the study of literature is a necessary foundation for its own research of the problem, showing what areas of research are more developed, what problems did not find due reflection in the literature and need further development. Thus, the time is reduced to repeat the researcher throughout the science of the path, it is exempt for focusing on, indeed, unresolved issues, the answers to which provide a scientific novelty of the dissertation.
When analyzing the literature, it is impossible to be limited to "catching" confirming the position of the author quotation. It is necessary to carefully read the content of the original source, to comprehend the position of the author, to fix it and, expressing its attitude towards her (consent, disagreement) on this basis to formulate its position, i.e. Based on the analysis of literature, through reflections to get new knowledge. Analyzing literature on the thesis, it is impossible to be limited to one or two authors, it is necessary to analyze, if possible, all the most significant work, which allows you to identify the general and differences in the positions of the authors, to understand their arguments in favor of a particular point of view. All this will make their own studies more meaningful and efficient.
Important to justify the provisions put forward by the author has competent use of the scientific methodology.
As is known, the methodology is a complex of interrelated methods (i.e., techniques, methods, approaches) and principles, with which the process of studying the subject of this science is carried out.
Method in science, in scientific activity - This is a means (reception), with which the new knowledge is mined or systematization is carried out, assessment, generalization of available information. Thus, the method of science determines how its subject is investigated, is a way to know the surrounding reality.
Recall, in connection with this, about some methods that were not mentioned above. First, all scientific methods are accepted for general scientific and special.
In general scientific methods include those used in all areas of scientific knowledge. These include, for example, a system-structural method, a functional approach, common logical techniques, etc.
The system-structural method involves the study of the internal device (structure) of the studied phenomenon, as well as the study of relations both between the components within the phenomenon itself and with related phenomena and institutions. This method comes from the fact that: 1) the system is a holistic complex of interrelated elements; 2) it forms unity with the medium; 3) as a rule, any studied system is an element of a system more high order; 4) Elements of any under study, in turn, usually act as lower order systems.
The functional method is used to highlight various systems components of structural parts from the point of view of their direction, purpose, roles, content. A functional approach is often used to allocate the activities of the state, its role as a regulator of economic relations, formation organizational structures at enterprises, etc.
The analogy method comes from the assumption that certain correspondences exist between different single-order phenomena, so that the characteristic of one of them can be judged with sufficient certainty about the other.
Modeling method. This method involves the creation of ideal images reflecting the most significant properties of studied phenomena and processes, studying created models, and then the distribution of information on the phenomena existing in the real world.
General logic techniques (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, hypothesis) are used to determine scientific concepts, consistent argumentation of theoretical provisions, to eliminate inaccuracies and contradictions. In essence, these techniques are peculiar "tools" for fruitful scientific activities.
All listed cognition techniques are closely related to each other and are used by researchers in the complex. Thus, the analysis, i.e., the dismemberment of the whole to the component parts allows to identify the structure, the structure of the object being studied, for example, the market, industries, enterprises. In turn, the synthesis involves the process of combining into a single integer parts, properties, features, relations allocated by analysis. Thus, analysis and synthesis are considered as primary and derived knowledge and are inextricably related stages of the perception of scientific information.
Induction and deduction are also directly related to the analysis and synthesis. In fact, induction is the process of transition of analytical knowledge into synthesized, since any generalizations can only be applied for truth when primary true data are put in their foundation. Accordingly, the deduction can be conditionally named with "reverse synthesis", since it implies the dissection from the information of the generalized nature of the specific information. In particular, knowledge of general patterns reflecting the economic processes as a whole allows you to express proposals regarding the optimization of its individual components, for example, the labor market, the real estate market and etc.
Special methods are techniques and methods of knowledge, which are developed in the framework of isolated scientific groups (for example, in the field of natural or social sciences). Special methods include historical, logical, statistical, etc.
The historical research method is based on studying the emergence, formation and development of objects in chronological sequence. Through the use of the historical method, an in-depth understanding of the essence of the problem is achieved and the possibility of formulating more informed recommendations for a new object appears.
The logical method of the study is a method of reproducing a historically developing object as a result of a certain process, during which was formed the necessary conditions Its further existence and development as a sustainable system education. In other words, this method of theoretical reproduction of the historical object in all its essential properties, natural links and relationships. With a logical study of the object, the object is distracted from all historical accidents, individual facts, zigzags and even the divergent movements caused by those or other events, while maintaining only what is essentially necessary and natural.
Under the statistical method, this is a combination of interrelated techniques for the study of mass facilities and phenomena in order to obtain quantitative characteristics and identifying general patterns by eliminating the random features of individual single observations. The main methods of statistical research include observations, groupings, calculation of generalizing indicators, selective method, analysis of speakers, index method, correlation and regression analysis.
