School or homeschooling pros and cons. Pros and cons of home (family) education. How to make decisions about homeschooling
To make an informed decision about the transition to a new form of education, you need to carefully consider everything, weighing the pros and cons of home schooling.
What can homeschooling do for you and your child?
1. Individual program- individual, not standardized training. At home schooling, you can independently build both the educational program and the curriculum, based on the interests, character traits and academic performance of your child. You can delve into the study of one topic and go intensively into another, set up an experiment yourself, do a project, conduct research or go on an educational journey. No one else will tell you when and what topic to take, what tasks to do and what textbooks to study. Learning will be an exciting process, full of amazing discoveries and surprises. Of course, do not forget about the timing of certification in order to prepare for this time.
2. Higher results compared to the traditional form of education. It is a proven fact that homeschooled children learn better than their school peers and get better results. And our experience confirms this. Our students were tested by the Moscow Center for the Quality of Education, participated in the All-Russian testing, passed the OGE and the Unified State Examination. All results are consistently above the average Moscow results. Among our graduates there are 100 points, medalists, prize-winners final stage All-Russian Olympiad schoolchildren.
3. The ability to devote study time only to study. No one doubts that great amount study time at school is not only spent inefficiently, but simply wasted. And if we add to this class and school events, travel time, it turns out that home education can be built much more efficiently than school.
4. Use of the latest technologies and approaches. Home schooling is the fastest growing alternative form of education. Since family education is chosen by parents who are truly interested in the education of their child, the proposed programs, materials and methods are highest standard. Modern technologies can make learning more flexible and varied. Children now master the latest technologies, often faster than their parents, so new forms of education are perceived with a bang.
5. Significantly less time is spent on classes than at school. This is the plus that almost all children at home schooling note. And the reason is not at all that family students are going through some kind of “reduced” program or are not serious about their studies. Just the opposite. It is a responsible approach to classes that makes it possible to pass much more during the study time than in a traditional school. As a result, children master topics faster than their schoolmates.
6. More creativity, less boredom. Who said that learning is what happens within the walls of a school, at a desk, with a textbook in hand and a teacher at the blackboard? And let the majority learn that way. What's stopping you from going to a park to study botany or visiting a planetarium when you're passing through a star system? You are not limited by the school framework, and for you the whole world is an educational space. The opportunity to obtain knowledge not from textbooks, but from primary sources not only increases efficiency, but also develops “passion” for the subject.
7. Study is something more. At school, everything is measured by grades in the diary and points for the OGE and the Unified State Examination. At home schooling, children learn to form their own portfolio, which shows real knowledge and skills. And visual results are becoming more and more important for universities, and subsequently for employers.
8. You yourself set goals and objectives. In school, children learn what someone who does not know your child and his needs has formulated for the purposes set by the faceless state machine. In homeschooling, you choose what, how and when you study.
9. Pointless tests, assignments and reports will be a thing of the past.. The dry language of school textbooks, a formal approach to the presentation of material and boring assignments cut off from real life - this is probably familiar to every schoolchild. How can schoolchildren have a desire to learn if they are forced to perform the same type of tasks and meaningless tests? And with homeschooling, after reading an interesting book, children can write a review-post on blogs or on a forum and read the opinions of others, learn more about the author and read his other works.
10. Flexibility and convenience. You no longer need to drive and then pick up your child from school at a certain time. And vacations can be planned for any time, and not just for the “hot season” of summer vacations.
However, certain difficulties may arise:
1. A responsibility. When you transition to home schooling, you will be fully responsible for the education of your children. If something goes wrong, you can no longer blame bad teachers or ossified system. Although the parents of children in traditional schools are also responsible for the education of their children, but, firstly, they share it with the school, and secondly, they have many times less opportunity to influence the result.
2. Time. Except for a rare evening or a day off, when the children are with grandparents, they will be with you: every day, all day long. But this is also one of the advantages of family education. You will finally have time to build a close relationship with your children, to really get closer and get to know each other.
3. Liberty. Now you can send your children to school and go about your business. On the other hand, homeschooling will help you learn how to better manage your time and become more creative. You can use the support of home schooling, turn to specialists who will offer the best training program for your child, and you can work remotely and find time for yourself.
4. Qualification. Many parents are not sure that they have enough knowledge, skills and patience to teach their children. But everything can be learned. Homeschooling has taught so many parents to stay calm when their kids are noisy, to be flexible when they're tired, to become wizards when they're bored. There are no perfect parents, just as there are no perfect teachers, but we all develop and learn from our own experience.
5. Lack of knowledge. Are you afraid that your children will have gaps in knowledge, that in the end they will not know something? That they will ask you questions to which you do not know the answer? You can't know everything, and you don't need to. The main thing is to give children the tools to search for the necessary information and teach them how to work with it. Plus, it's so fun to look for answers and learn with the kids!
6. Home Restrictions. Most likely, your house does not have a playground, pool or music class, but life is not limited only to the house. You can choose those playgrounds and circles that best meet the needs of your children.
7. Independence. Sooner or later you will need to “tear the child off the apron”, but not at 7 years old. The sudden push for independent living in school makes children rely on each other, and your child's peers also have little life experience. As a result, "the blind leads the blind." Family education provides parents with the opportunity to serve as an authority over children longer and maintain their influence over them, giving them as much freedom and independence as they can bear.
8. Criticism. Most likely, some of your friends and relatives will not support your decision. Well, it's impossible to please everyone. Just remember that schooling is very far from ideal and is subject to even more criticism. But most are used to following the beaten path and do not try to look for better ways.
9. Lack of socialization. Some believe that homeschooled children spend the whole day within four walls and, as a result, do not know how to communicate with their peers. Of course, when switching to family education, the entire responsibility for the socialization of the child falls on your shoulders. But there are a huge number of places where your child can communicate with peers and not feel isolated from society. Circles and sections, developing centers and houses of creativity - you will have a much wider choice than parents who prefer traditional education, because you will have much more opportunities to build a schedule for your child. In addition, the school experience is not always positive, and home schooling will allow you to protect your child from negative influences and give him the opportunity to develop fully.
10. Transition to full-time education. It may happen that you will need to transfer your child back to traditional education from family education. This process is difficult, but it will be easier if the child has the skills independent work. In addition, these skills will help him achieve higher results in full-time studies compared to his peers.
As with anything, pros and cons are relative terms. Even if difficulties arise, overcoming them can be a plus in the future, because when entering a university, the child will develop all the skills for successful learning. self-education, career development.
Let's take a closer look at home education, the pros and cons of this phenomenon. As a rule, the transition to home education will require the search for a school in which there is such a form of education. You will need to enroll your child in that particular school. The teachers of this school will be able to help you with textbooks and teaching materials. It is in this school that your child will be assessed for promotion to the next grade, as well as pass all required exams.
Of course, like any system, this one has its pros and cons.
Advantages
Of course, with home education, all attention is focused only on your child. He becomes like the only student in the class. And this cannot but lead to a good result, because you can carefully control the child’s preparation in any subject, you can immediately notice gaps in knowledge, you can explain misunderstood material for as long as you need.
In addition, parents are usually the people who know the child best. It will be much easier for them to make the learning process effective. Especially since they are interested in it.
If you are a sufficiently educated person, at the initial level of education, your own knowledge will be enough. In the future, you can not only teach the child yourself, but also invite the necessary teachers.
You will be able to guide and develop your child in exactly the direction that you think is most suitable for him. You will not need to focus only on the school curriculum - you can always add those subjects that you consider necessary to the curriculum.
With home schooling, the child will not have to be forced to comply with certain general, binding rules for all, if they are burdensome and unacceptable for him (of course, we are talking only about the rules for organizing the learning process; rules of conduct or moral and ethical standards are a topic for another conversation ).
You can easily control the study load and the condition of your child. The educational process will be organized so that there is no negative impact on the health of your child. Children who study at home have more opportunities for normal recreation. Your child will not have to wake up painfully or adjust to the standard school schedule.
The child will be able to develop his creative abilities to the maximum, because no one will require him to choose template solutions and standard options. And he, for example, will not have to interrupt his creative activities just because the bell rang for everyone. And if he tries to realize some of his creative impulses, ideas or plans, he will have enough time for this.
Your child will be protected from having to get into conflicts with peers while studying. His habits and characteristics will not be a reason for ridicule and pressure from other children.
Homeschooling will bring your family even closer together. Joint activities, common interests - this will help to avoid (or significantly smooth out) conflicts with parents that arise when the child grows up.
Flaws
Homeschooling your child will require a lot of time and effort from you. After all, you will not only have to deal with the training itself as such, you will have to find material for classes, work it out, and think over additional classes and activities. As a rule, homeschooling requires one of the parents to fully engage in this process, without the opportunity to be distracted by something else.
It is impossible to be truly competent in all areas and in all subjects that your child needs to learn. It may turn out that the child cannot pass the assessment (or pass the exams) because you did not have enough knowledge for quality education.
In addition, even if you really have all the knowledge a child needs, it may turn out that you are not a good enough teacher. If there is a problem - for example, difficulty understanding a topic - special skills and techniques may be needed on how to convey the right information to the child or convey the right experience.
Many people think that studying at home is cheaper than going to school. This is not entirely true. Of course, you will be saved from many expenses that will be required when teaching a child at school. But, if you want to give your son or daughter quality knowledge, you will need a lot of teaching materials. And their cost can be an amount quite comparable with expensive education in European countries.
One of the most important things is communication. The child needs not just any communication, he must learn to interact with peers. The formation of social skills is an equally important part of the learning process. Will the child be able to make real friends if his social circle is limited? Can you somehow compensate for the absence of children next to your child, the lack of joint children's activities, games, holidays, conversations, etc.? However, this can not be too feared if the circle of your own communication is large and includes families with children of a suitable age. Also, as an option, you can send your child to children's institutions of a "non-school" nature - for example, various circles and sections, children's camps (summer health, sports), language schools, etc.
We spoke with experts to weigh the pros and cons of this form of education.
Against: child socialization
The first argument of opponents of home schooling is the lack of conditions for socialization in children. Now children almost do not spend time on the street on their own: residents of megacities cannot be called supporters of unaccompanied children walking. At the same time, and perhaps just because of this, the children's entertainment industry, despite the crisis, is experiencing a rapid flowering. The lack of socialization can be partially leveled by trips to clubs, development centers, regular walks in well-equipped playgrounds.
Nevertheless, a comfortable family environment and even a sports section are not really enough for a child to master the skills of working in a team.
Separating the child from total mass By organizing an individual space for him to gain knowledge, parents also take a certain risk, notes Elena Sheripova, founder and head of the modeling agency and aesthetic development school Queen Models Studio Kids. “According to recent research, homeschooled children are much more likely to suffer from a fear of public speaking. If parents decide to homeschool their child, they must fill in the gaps in his communication with society.”
In addition, according to experts, a child may not develop a skill, and, accordingly, an incentive to defend his opinion in front of his peers.
It is important not only to solve the issue of the comprehensive development of the child, enrolling him in circles, sports sections, for additional creative classes in children's centers. At least one of the areas of additional education outside the home should provide for teamwork.
For: psychological comfort
On the other side of the scale of forced socialization is the psychological calmness of the child: the absence of unnecessary stress, conflicts with teachers, peers or older students. Conflicts unresolved in time, in the worst case, psychological “harassment” within the walls of the school can be haunted from year to year.
“The main achievement of family education is the ability to get enough sleep in the morning. All learning at home is based on the rhythm of each child's life. It is easy for someone to study in the morning, for someone in the evening. Proper distribution of the load improves the assimilation of the material, increases the motivation to study. The ability to take subjects in free mode helps to build learning in a way that is convenient. The presence of free time allows you to concentrate on the child's hobbies, on his interests. And it gives you more opportunity to spend time with your parents or friends,” says Aleksey Semenychev, an expert on family and alternative education.
Against: self-organization
The second most common question after socialization, which causes concern of parents studying the issue of transition to family education, is whether the child will “shirk” from classes outside the strict schedule and mandatory attendance in a situation of abundance of free time.
The main principle of family education is to follow the child and his interests. The concept of an academic year acquires individuality: the learning process can both be extended and accelerated when a child completes the program of several classes in one year.
As experts assure, unobtrusive parental control and curriculum are needed in any case. In addition, joint daily activities parents with a child. An adult should be included in the process as a colleague, a guide, without demonstrating a desire to teach, instruct or control. This position will allow you to unobtrusively track progress in learning. Joint classes in the case of family education are not a help in preparation homework in the traditional sense, but rather. mentorship. Learning is happening everywhere. These can be thematic walks in the forest or park, joint viewing of educational or feature films on a topic of interest, joint theatrical performances, as well as everyday and creative activities - soap making, rolling cans, picking mushrooms, drawing and anything you like.
“A child studying at home will feel better, get enough sleep and study for as long as it takes - from one hour a day to a normal school day of many hours. On the other hand, the child’s home regime will limit the personal freedom of parents, since someone will have to devote all their time to compiling an interesting training program, cultural trips and other educational events,” says Kirill Bigai, co-founder and CEO of the Preply online platform for finding tutors.
“The freedom of education is often put in the first place, that is, the child can choose what, when and for how long to study. The question is - on the basis of what, the child should make such a choice? The personality of the child, his interests and values have not yet been formed, they should be formed in relation to the boundaries that adults set for the child, including during education. It is necessary to remember about one more component of training - motivation; it, unfortunately, is far from always stable in a child,” emphasizes the director of the Parenthood Center family complex, perinatal psychologist Victoria Timofeeva.
And yet, as experts say, a well-rested child who masters new information at a comfortable pace, with sincere interest, and not “under pressure” is not at all the one who escaped for the holidays and does not want to hear about additional classes or reading.
For/against: intra-family ties
The house is originally a place of comfort, tranquility and joy. Creating conditions conducive to maximum concentration in a place where a person tends to relax is not an easy task. To level this complexity will help create a learning environment that opens up additional opportunities for self-development and choosing a business to your liking: the availability of free access to encyclopedias, books, kits for creativity, musical instruments, sports equipment, designers, devices for studying environment(microscope, spyglass, telescope, etc.).
A parent, of course, cannot equally replace 12-15 professional teachers, but every loving mother can study child psychology and pedagogical techniques more deeply. Children are easily "ignited", seeing the sincere interest of an adult. A creative approach and joint attempts to figure it out encourage the child to further master complex material and compensate for the lack of knowledge on the subject of an adult, and even more so the lack of pedagogical education. In a subject that causes difficulties when studying within the family, tutors or thematic circles, schools will help to understand.
“Canadian parents, according to Dr. Brian D. Ray of the American National Institute for Home Education Research, believe that by not attending school, the child learns family traditions and values better and lives a fuller life. They are probably right, given the rapidly growing percentage of families who have refused to attend schools, - Kirill Bigai comments. - But do not forget: sooner or later, every person has to learn to be in society, and it is easier to do this at a young age. If now the child has enough communication with parents and close relatives, then as he grows up, he will increasingly need the attention of his peers. In addition, there may be a problem of non-acceptance of the "unformatted" person by the children's society.
For/against: the quality of education
If at school classes are organized in accordance with clear instructions, plans and requirements with selected textbooks, then at home parents and children are free to use any source of information, as well as study subjects of interest in depth at a comfortable pace. Experts are sure that this is favorably reflected in the quality of the education received.
“Schools are mostly focused on the average student. A "strong" child has nothing to learn there, and a "weak" child does not even reach the "average" level. Much depends on the teacher. In addition, now in schools, a colossal burden is imposed on students. Parents complain that their children are introduced to the subject superficially, and the rest of the material the children have to master at home with their parents. Then the question arises for the latter: is it worth going to school at all? And they transfer children to full home schooling,” emphasizes Elena Sheripova.
“Children who study at home not because of forced circumstances or for health reasons can already compete with their peers who attend schools in terms of knowledge,” says Kirill Bigai. “Dr. Brian Ray, back in 2012, stated that all existing reliable research boils down to one conclusion: both academically and socially, the results of home schooling are at least as good, and often better, than at school.”
Experts note that the principle “The main thing is not to know, but to know where to find out” is relevant in the system of family education. For any question, you can find a specialist who is ready to share information. Free forms of education, depriving the child of the principle of obtaining information "received chewed - digested", stimulate him to search for and more in-depth study of the material that aroused interest.
Home education is not a magic pill. It may not be ideal for most children, much less everyone. There are those whose need for close cohesion with the team and a wide range of communication is exceptionally high, and the home environment is not able to fully satisfy this demand. The role is also played by the readiness of the parent, who, in addition to high erudition, the availability of free time, will also need a thirst for his own development and improvement.
Every parent wants to give his child the best, to provide the most favorable conditions for his development - both intellectual and personal. How to organize the upbringing and education of a child, to whom to entrust the formation of his personality and development of abilities? Do it yourself, ask for help babysitting, rely on individual tutoring of professionals or take advantage of the opportunities of private or public public education?
Family education - what is it?
The choice in this situation is ambiguous, since each option has its pros and cons.
For many parents, family education seems to be more natural, especially for a preschooler - the child grows up in familiar home conditions, in compliance with the physiological regimen, without unnecessary stress and overload. Not a single, even the most wonderful educator, can immediately provide all the children with a "home" quality of care. The younger the child, the more important the everyday little things that surround him - did they change his pants on time, did they help him wash and clean his nose, did they give him enough time to cope with dinner, did they pay attention that the baby was tired, etc. Often, parents also have a well-founded desire to protect the child from communicating with not the most pleasant environment - both children and adults in a children's institution. Probably, many who have gone through the preschool education system have their own negative memories of him. And getting rid of such impressions is not so easy. In this sense, long-term home education gives parents more opportunities to instill in the child good manners and influence the development of his personality. If there is a desire and opportunity, parents can work with the baby on their own or hire tutors who will complement the "educational" environment of the child.
In general, the education of a child begins in the family, family education- the basis of the cognitive abilities of the baby. The first teachers of the crumbs are his parents. And their influence persists for a very long time, despite the fact that what older child becomes, the greater the role begins to play learning outside the family. The influence of close adults is expressed in the expansion of the child's horizons, in the fact that it is parents and grandparents who instill in him an interest in various fields of knowledge and creativity. The conditions created for the development of the baby in the family determine how he will learn, whether he will strive to acquire new knowledge or limit himself to the minimum that guarantees him a peaceful existence at school.
But, having settled on the option of an exclusively family upbringing, parents are faced with difficulties both of a technical and quite substantive nature. First, there is the issue of providing cognitive development child - the choice of educational programs, the selection of home teachers, "pulling up" the knowledge and skills of the child to the requirements of a standard school curriculum (exclusively family education in our country is still rare, as a rule, sooner or later the child enters the public school education system). A child brought up at home is deprived of the most valuable thing that gives children learning in a group - this is the ability to concentrate on the teacher's explanation and the ability to compare their successes with the achievements of their peers, it is this comparison that allows you to realize the quality of your knowledge, without which full-fledged learning is impossible.
Secondly, a child who does not regularly attend nursery educational institutions significantly limited communication outside the family. He does not get the rich experience of communication and interaction with children and adults available to his peers in kindergartens, development groups and children's clubs.
Visiting short-stay groups, aesthetic studios, kindergarten, gymnasium or school, offers the child ample opportunities to communicate and learn together with other children. The child learns to independently build relationships with different people. With adults - educators and teachers, the child learns to obey the general discipline (which is necessary for adaptation to the requirements of the school), learns to overcome his shyness and doubts, ask questions and ask for help. The child also learns to establish relationships at a "social distance" - benevolent, but not close, learns to protect his psychological space, demand respect from others, defend his opinion in socially acceptable forms.
Many parents are afraid that in a large children's team the child will get lost, feel uncomfortable. At first this is true, but over time, a diverse children's environment becomes a clear advantage. The child gets the opportunity to communicate, interact, compete, quarrel and negotiate with different children - both noisy, and stubborn, and aggressive, and timid. There is an opportunity to choose your friends, establish the first close relationships with peers, the child begins to learn the code of equality and camaraderie. Intensive communication with children, without constant supervision and support from adults, teaches the child the flexibility of behavior, the ability not to act on the first impulse, but to assess the situation, take into account the opinions of other children. Only in communication with equals, decentration is possible - an understanding that the same situation can be seen differently, that others have their own interests that must be taken into account in order to continue to communicate and play together.
The choice between exclusively family and public education is not easy. Probably the best way out of this situation is an individual approach to the education of the child, which is applicable to both options for organizing the educational environment - both to family education and to education in public institutions.
Individual approach to learning
Individual training, tutoring and psychological support for that and individual, so that it can be used in doses in different situations and for different children. And here it is worth clearly distinguishing between an individual approach to learning, which is necessary when teaching with any child, regardless of his personal characteristics, and individual learning itself, which assumes that the child is engaged only one-on-one with the teacher.
An individual approach to teaching a child assumes that both the originality of the child himself and the upbringing and educational goals of his parents are taken into account.
For one parent, mental, cognitive development is more important. Another may be more focused on the development of the creative abilities of the baby. The third sees the goal of education in expanding the child's ability to independently seek a solution to the problem, to strive to achieve the intended goals.
It is useful for the parents of any child from time to time to turn to the help of a competent teacher, psychologist, speech therapist to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the child's development, to build an individual trajectory of his development. The specialist will help determine what the child’s capabilities are at the moment, assess his inclinations and interests, and most importantly, build a forecast for his development in the near future, with detailed recommendations on how, in what form, how intensively it is necessary to conduct developmental work.
The timing of seeking advice primarily depends on the needs of the child and parents, but is also largely tied to the requirements of the education system. Now we can say that it is useful to show the child to specialists in learning and mental development (psychologist, speech therapist, teacher of early development or a preschool teacher 1) at the age of:
1 These specialists can be contacted at early development centers, psychological centers or medical institutions.
- near two years, when it is already possible to draw conclusions about the correspondence of the development of the child to the age norm, to identify the originality of the speech and cognitive development of the baby, the range of his skills, the ability to communicate outside the family environment.
- near three years when there are global changes in the child's personal development that greatly affect his willingness to learn, learn new things, act actively or wait for the first steps from adults. In addition, at this age, many children begin to regularly attend preschool educational institutions, which often becomes a stressful situation for the family, requiring competent psychological support.
- near five years when it makes sense to think about preparing for school, to see which aspects of a child’s development need more careful attention from adults so that there are no difficulties on the eve of school. Also, this age is favorable for identifying the child's private abilities in various areas of creativity.
- before going to school- to check how ready the child is for systematic learning, to identify aspects of his development that need immediate correction and ways to neutralize the sources of possible difficulties in schooling. Much attention should be paid to the choice of options for schooling, taking into account the child's ability to cope with high loads, the individual pace of intellectual activity, the characteristics of the development of attention, etc.
Such consultations will help parents and educators working with the child to adapt the curriculum to the needs of the child, to draw up an individual plan for his development, which can also be implemented within the framework of public group education. In most cases, it is enough to place some accents, highlight the aspects of the child's development that need special attention (additional classes according to a standard or alternative program, tutoring or special correction with the participation of specialists: speech pathologists, doctors or psychologists). At the same time, all the advantages of public education are complemented by concern for the development of a particular child without leveling his personal originality.
Actually, individual training in form is very useful in those areas where we can talk about the development of a child's special abilities, giftedness - in music, painting, dancing, sports, etc. Working with such a child one on one, the teacher will be able to give him much more than in a group, and the child, without being distracted by other children, better focuses on what he is being taught.
Another area of application of individual learning is work with the so-called "difficult", "special" children. If a child has serious health problems, a clear lag behind peers or behavioral problems, of course, it is better to deal with teachers individually, and communicate with peers not in class, but in the yard, on the playground, in a social group or kids club.
By the way, often individual learning becomes the only possible way not only for children with a developmental delay, but also for those who are significantly ahead of their peers in their knowledge, skills, range of interests, and the pace of working capacity. A gifted child, despite all his high achievements, needs increased attention from parents and teachers, since his psyche is under greater stress than that of "average" children of the same age. An advance in intellectual development is often not accompanied by an advance in personal development. Therefore, starting early in a preschool gymnasium or school, jumping through the class, the child may find himself in a difficult situation. He drops out of communication with children of his own age, but cannot enter the company of his older classmates, against their background he looks infantile. In this case, it is useful to teach the child individually, supplementing the training with classes with children of the same age in those areas where the child's abilities are close to the average.
But at the same time, exclusively individual learning has a number of negative consequences for the development of the child. Firstly, communication only with a tutor or tutor limits the child's ability to communicate with peers, which does not have the best effect on his ability to interact with others, the ability to feel confident in society. Secondly, when studying in a group, the child always has the opportunity to compare his achievements with the successes of his peers, which positively affects the formation of the child's self-esteem, the ability to be critical of his successes and efforts. Therefore, one should not strive unnecessarily for individual training. Communicating with the teacher personally, being under constant supervision and in the center of attention, the child quickly learns the program material, but masters self-learning skills worse. And for success in adulthood, it is not so much knowledge that is needed as the ability to independently obtain them.
Everything has its time
So what to choose - tutors, a kindergarten or a boarding house? How to combine the possibilities of different forms of education and upbringing?
Probably, every parent has a clear idea of how to teach a child, what mistakes should be avoided. At the same time, we are based primarily on negative or positive experiences, recalling our school years. Much depends on the financial possibilities of the family to give the child a decent education. But ceteris paribus, it is possible to single out general age-related features of the organization of a child's education, which make their own adjustments to the construction of an individual plan for the development of the child.
At different ages, a child needs different forms of communication and learning, and this must be taken into account when organizing a developing environment. The best results are obtained by a flexible and harmonious combination of the developing possibilities of the family and the efforts of professional teachers.
Education, like education, begins with the birth of a child. From the first days, communicating with close adults, the baby learns to look and see, listen and listen, be attentive, ask for help and act on his own. In infancy, not only the style of relationships with others is formed, but also the style of the child's intellectual activity, which directly affects the child's subsequent success in learning. baby The most important thing is a close relationship with your mother. It is his mother, communication with her becomes for him a source of new impressions, new interests and strength to explore this world. Generally speaking, at this age, any games, any interaction with the child can be considered as a real developmental activity. Actually, education at this age is realized through the organization of a developing environment and communication with adults. At the same time, the participation of a professional teacher may be limited to advising on the creation of a gaming development environment, the selection of toys and the organization of the child's daily routine.
The child grows up, every day his possibilities expand, and an attentive parent sees how quickly the baby grasps everything new that appears in his environment. Such a rapid pace of development is often simply mesmerizing. Little children amaze the imagination of adults with their abilities - about a year and a half it becomes clear that the child has a lot of inclinations. Many mothers and fathers want to seize the moment, start systematic education of the child. Moreover, due to a number of factors, the age from 1.5 to 2.5 years is very favorable for mastering various skills - children easily master colloquial speech in foreign languages, learn the subtle perception of shades of color, the sounds of music, are able to express themselves without any timidity in movement to the music.
But developing work with kids is not an easy task. Unlike a schoolchild, and even more so an adult, a child does not have the desire to learn, to do the right thing, better than he usually does. Until the age of three, most children do not want to learn from an adult, but simply strive to act - not to speak correctly, but to talk, not to memorize the names of geometric shapes, but to build a house out of them, not to look at pictures, but to turn pages, not to draw neatly, but to play with paints, etc. Limitation of activity, the requirement of accuracy, attentive attitude to what an adult is doing, often causes a storm of indignation in a child - after all, an adult prevents him from acting as he wants! In general, when working with young children, you should always remember that the intellectual potential of the baby, as a rule, is far ahead of his ability to control his behavior, so the "lack of assembly" of two-year-olds should be taken for granted.
Learning at this age is possible only through playing with the child, while it is useful to follow the baby’s plan and very correctly offer a new vision of the situation, new ways of action that are not yet familiar to the baby. The child develops the world, his patterns through his own research actions and adults can help him in this, providing the opportunity to jointly explore the possibilities of objects in the activities available to the baby - in drawing - with paints (brush or fingers), pencils, felt-tip pens, crayons, in modeling, in applications, in games with water, sand, sticks and pebbles, cereals, dough, flour, etc.. Every mother knows the restlessness of a young researcher, how persistently he demands new games and how quickly he moves from one activity to another. Perseverance, concentration of attention are not the strongest sides of a child under three years old. Of course, it is necessary to develop the ability to do one thing for a long time, but it is impossible to force the baby - he quickly gets tired, can be irritated, or completely loses interest in the activities that are imposed. On the other hand, regularity is very important for developmental activities at this age. A child qualitatively masters new skills gradually only if similar situations are constantly created in which again and again what interested him last time is repeated.
In addition, do not forget about the personal immaturity of the baby. Despite all his talents, he is not yet ready to communicate independently with teachers outside the family. Placing a child in the most wonderful nursery, with excellent teachers and a wonderful developing environment, a long separation from the mother, often become so severe stress that its consequences continue to affect for many more years, preventing the child not only from harmoniously building his relationships with others, but also study successfully. Therefore, raising and educating a baby at this age outside the family environment can hardly be considered a favorable option.
It is possible to organize systematic classes with a child at home, but it is difficult.
Firstly, because a mother has a lot of other responsibilities and interests, and even with a great desire and readiness to deal with her baby herself, it is not easy to do this regularly - you also just need to walk on the street, play and communicate with the child and without developing goals.
Secondly, in general, the position of a mother or nanny and the position of a tutor are different. From close adults, the child expects unconditional acceptance, understanding and support, appreciates in them the ability to rejoice at his ideas, to be involved in his experiences. Therefore, any strict requirements and restrictions in research activities the child may regard as an unfriendly step on the part of "his" adult, which will not be slow to affect the relationship. A tutor, an educator is interesting to a child precisely because he is a new person, a stranger to him. And in order to maintain contact with an interesting person, the child is ready to act according to the rules that are offered to him: “You want to draw with me, then put on an apron and sit down at the table, otherwise I can’t give you brushes”, “You are already tired, but come on Let's glue this house, we need it to play a new game with you." Accordingly, the effect for the development of the child from such activities is usually higher. In general, communication with a benevolent outside adult gives the child a very important life experience of conditional acceptance. In an absolutely comfortable and psychologically safe environment, the baby begins to understand that there are requirements that must be met in order to be accepted into the game, the team, society.
Thirdly, since the ability to keep attention on one subject in a small child is limited, during classes it is very important to highlight the essential that is worth conveying to the baby. It is important that the amount of information or the complexity of the skill that is formed in the child does not exceed his energy capabilities. Therefore, in addition to a good training program, a professional approach to classes is also important. An early development specialist is a specialist in order to understand the causes of the child’s difficulties and competently help him - not to do for him, and not to force him to redo everything himself, but to quickly find what hinders correct execution and correct mistakes together.
For a young child from one to three years The ideal option for developing classes is to attend classes in development groups several times a week, where the professionalism of teachers is combined with the possibility of an individual approach to each child (since there are no more than six or eight children in a group) and the advantages of the child's communication with peers. The presence of other children, their participation in classes not only gives the child the opportunity to improve in communication skills, but also makes him take great interest in learning, broadens his horizons. And the presence of an accompanying adult - a mother or a nanny, allows the baby to feel confident and protected. At the same time, it is very important that classes with kids are interspersed with joint games, communication, and not turn into routine "cognitive" work. More opportunities for the development of the child are provided not by classes of the "circle" type - 30-45 minutes each, but by longer programs of short stay, which provide for the full-fledged work of a group of children both in the direction of obtaining new knowledge and improving communication skills.
After four years most children benefit from continuing their education in a preschool or regularly attending long classes in developmental groups. This is due to the fact that the curriculum at school, and even at preschool age, is gradually becoming more complicated, you need to do a lot and with high quality. In addition, after four years, the role of regular communication with other children significantly increases - both for the formation of social skills, and for the intellectual development and general mental activation of the child, which greatly affects his mental development. But at the same time, one should not forget about the role of the family environment. It is communication with parents, grandparents, older brothers and sisters that expands the horizons of the child, not only provides him with confidence, but also actively influences the development of his intellectual interests, the desire to learn and achieve his goals in life.
03/12/2007 22:24:55, DariaThanks for the interesting, useful, necessary and timely article - I got interesting information, it just fits our situation - the child is far ahead of his peers in development. Let's go to a psychologist for a consultation on an individual program!
Thanks again!
03.10.2006 23:43:23, Nadia
I don't understand why you wrote this?
the article is quite adequate
Individual approach, family education .. And as a result, mimosa, greenhouse creatures, sissy-daughters, navels of the Earth. Previously, there was no individual approach, there was a goal, and that's it. as you know. And everyone grew up as normal people, most of them. There were always scum.
03.10.2006 19:15:27, 111
