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Words denoting the qualities of a person associated with work. List of positive and negative qualities of a person. Traits. Character traits that manifest themselves in relation to other people

For the purposes of personality analysis, list of negative traits person.

This allows you to identify the characteristics of the individual, predict ways of interacting with him and determine methods for correcting undesirable behavior.

Classification of personality traits

The personality of a person is studied taking into account congenital and acquired qualities.

Mental properties are understood as stable phenomena that affect activity and characterize a person from the psychological and social side.

Basic properties: temperament, character, orientation, abilities.

Temperament- a set of individual personality traits associated with dynamic aspects, a type of nervous activity. It is the foundation for character development.

The term was first introduced by Hippocrates. Temperament was divided into 4 types. In our time, the study of types by I. P. Pavlov was a turning point. nervous system, of which four have also been described.

Negative traits of temperaments:

  • - mobile, unbalanced, vindictive, impatient, impulsive, capable of manifestations of aggression;
  • - hasty, hyperactive, fickle, overestimates himself, suffers from mood swings;
  • - reacts badly to external stimuli, it is difficult to adapt, does not show initiative, does not make good contact with people;
  • - indecisive, pessimistic vulnerable, prone to depression.

Temperament are innate personality traits.

Character- acquired traits, permanent mental properties that determine the characteristics of a person's behavior and his relationship with people and the surrounding reality.

Orientation- a system of motives, motives, that is, what a person wants, what he aspires to, attitudes. Formed in the process of education, socially conditioned.

Capabilities- personality traits that are the conditions for the successful implementation of a particular type of activity

Basic personality traits

Personality is assessed in terms of the presence or absence of certain traits:


Personality- this is the presence of individual character traits, but these are not just differences, but the presence of moral principles, as well as an acceptable way of interacting with the world.

Negative qualities of your character - test:

What are the negative character traits?

The study of personality is integral to the analysis of negative traits, their list is quite extensive, consider the most common:

  • aggressiveness- a person actively defends himself, while often provoking others into conflicts;
  • gambling- the desire to achieve the desired without taking into account the risks. Often leads to situations that threaten life, health, financial well-being;
  • apathy- a feature of temperament. The presence of this trait leads to the inability to achieve the goal, the person is indifferent to everything that happens to him;
  • irresponsibility- unwillingness to make important decisions, denial of responsibility for their actions, denial of awareness of the consequences of what has been done;
  • ruthlessness- lack of sympathy for others, inability to sympathize, inhuman actions, in pathology leading to the death of living beings;
  • lust for power- the desire to control all the people with whom the person interacts, to subordinate to his will;
  • suggestibility- easily obeys the behavior imposed from the outside, while the result of their actions is not evaluated. However, too low suggestibility can cause poor learning;
  • stupidity- inability to draw logical conclusions even from the simplest situations, lack of sound criticism;
  • coarseness- unwillingness to adhere to polite behavior accepted in society, deliberate expression of negativity, provoking a scandal;
  • greed- can manifest itself in pathological hoarding, unwillingness to share things or finances even with loved ones;
  • cruelty- causing pain, discomfort to people, animals for the sake of personal satisfaction. The impact can be psychological, emotional, physical;
  • addiction- receiving benefits, pleasure from exposure to substances, interaction with certain people, situations, can harm physical and emotional health, financial well-being;
  • envy- the tendency to compare one's own values ​​and the values ​​of other people and experiencing negative emotions, feelings, desires to have something like others have about this;
  • pampered- the desire to get what you want without taking into account the possibilities, circumstances, here and now;
  • laziness- lack of desire to do something, strain, move, think;
  • deceit- is characterized by a conscious desire to give others the wrong impression of facts and events for personal gain;
  • hypocrisy- pretense, assurances of a good disposition, love, friendship, but at the same time think differently;
  • revenge- the desire to do something in retaliation, the tendency to focus attention on conflicts, drag them out, punish offenders;
  • narcissism- praising oneself, one's merits, actions, neglect in relations with other people;
  • resentment- reaction to situations that do not meet expectations, the opinion that the world should revolve around them, and people will certainly fulfill desires, act accordingly;
  • irritability- excessive manifestation of emotions, the strength of which does not correspond to the situation. May be caused by external factors or internal;
  • cowardice- the inability to resist, the desire to leave, escape from people and situations, the presence of various fears;
  • selfishness- the desire not to reckon with the opinions of other people, to live for the sake of their own comfort.

Negative traits of a person's character.

CV Examples

The study of character traits used in hiring. This allows you to predict the ability to adapt to the team, achieve success, work for the benefit of the company.

A trait like deceit, is a factor by which it can be assumed that a person cannot be trusted with responsible and secret tasks. Such people easily spread gossip, provoke conflicts, go to betrayal, theft.

intransigence is an obstacle to well-coordinated teamwork. Cowardice is not allowed at dangerous facilities, for work in law enforcement agencies.

If a person has addictive tendencies, it means that he has a reduced responsibility to society, along with this trait, there is often a tendency to lie.

In a resume, you are often asked to indicate the negative aspects of the character.

But the person himself is unlikely to reveal his negative sides. In the questionnaire, applicants indicate those features that cannot significantly affect the opinion about them.

For example, it could be:

  • straightness;
  • unscrupulousness;
  • workaholism;
  • risk appetite;
  • excessive emotionality;
  • slowness;
  • pedantry;
  • fear of air travel.

Some characteristics, despite being negatively colored, may nevertheless favor work.

For instance, workaholism will say that a person fully pays attention to the chosen activity and can work overtime, pedantry - that he will carefully approach work, and lust for power is necessary for leadership positions, however, with a reservation on the ability to properly manage his status not to the detriment of others.

Evaluation of negative qualities in the resume comes from the point of view of how much they can affect the work, communication with the team.

Where it is not necessary to contact other people, shyness does not interfere with activity. If the work is connected with constant communication, then excessive sociability will be even a plus.

What to say if at an interview you were asked to name your weaknesses:

Is it true that a bad character can be corrected if desired?

This acquired properties based on temperament.

In many ways, it is formed by the influence of upbringing, the social environment, and stressful situations. It manifests itself already in childhood.

With the wrong approach negative traits intensify. If a child lives in harsh conditions, under constant moral and physical pressure, then almost certainly he will have various aggressiveness.

Since character is an acquired property of a person, it can be corrected. However, given the fact that a person gets used to behaving in a certain way, the older he is, the more difficult it is to correct.

In addition to the presence of negative character traits, it is important to take into account the properties of temperament, sometimes the characteristics of the nervous system are such that to change something almost impossible.

How to deal with your bad qualities?

First of all man he himself must be aware of his negative traits.

He must understand that his actions have a negative impact on relations with other people, career growth, personal peace of mind.

You can identify the presence of various traits using psychological tests or personal observation and self-awareness. Next comes self-control..

What to do:


Negative aspects of personality - part of personality. No one can be perfect, so there is no need to strive for perfection and demand it from others.

The main thing is the balance in the psyche of positive and negative qualities, so that the latter do not interfere with living, working, building relationships.

A person educates himself, therefore, if you know that you have negative character traits, you able to deal with them. And the first thing that will have to be brought up is willpower.

How to change your character? Find out from the video:

What are the most significant positive qualities of a person's character for work and a comfortable life in society? How best to describe yourself and what to include in your resume? Let's figure it out. In order to know our virtues in person, we have prepared a list of positive qualities to characterize a person.

Accuracy

It is a desire for order and cleanliness. Accuracy is manifested in external neatness, caring attitude to things, accuracy and thoroughness in business. This trait is more inherent in women, so it is especially important for a man to develop the habit of creating and maintaining cleanliness. Remember: the order in the house is the order in the head.

Thrift

This is a caring attitude to the available benefits, no matter your own or someone else's. We are talking not only about material things, but even about the spiritual forces and vital energy of a person. This quality allows you to optimize the consumption of any resources, to achieve more by saving less.

Unselfishness

This is the lack of desire for profit. Selfish people are driven only by personal gain. Sincere and selfless people do not care about their own benefit, they will help and will not demand anything in return, so they are trusted much more.

Politeness

Respectful attitude towards others. Is always. Even in cases where the situation is not conducive to courteous and tactful treatment. By the way, this quality annoys boors. They want to quarrel, but a polite person does not come into conflict with them. Politeness and cursing for the belt shuts up, and conquers the city!

Loyalty

This is devotion, but not only in relation to close people, but also to one's own worldview, ideas and views. This is an important side of the relationship between a man and a woman, because such a negative trait as jealousy is associated with it. Loyalty speaks of the reliability and constancy of a person with this quality.

upbringing

These are good manners and the ability to behave in society. An educated person is polite to others, regardless of their social status. This is knowledge and implementation of the rules of behavior in society, respect for other people's property, nature, society. Per well-mannered person never feel ashamed.

Discipline

It is the ability to follow rules and regulations. A disciplined person not only strictly observes the established rules, but also knows how to manage his own time in such a way that it is enough for all important things.

Kindness

This is a kind and caring attitude towards people. Responsiveness and attentiveness towards others, the desire to help and rescue from difficult situations, without expecting anything in return. This quality does not bring immediate benefits, but those around him appreciate it, and the kindness shown is often answered with the same kindness and care.

Friendliness

This is a benevolent attitude towards others. This is not only an opportunity to build friendly relations with any person, but also the ability to behave openly and sympathetically towards people. A friendly person strives for mutual pleasant communication, therefore he has not only true friends, but also a lot of useful acquaintances.

Sociability

It is the ability to make contacts. A person who does not have communication barriers easily enters the team and makes friends. We live in a society, so the ability to communicate with others is useful in any area of ​​life. A person with this quality will never be left alone.

A responsibility

This is the ability of a person to be responsible for what he is entrusted with, the ability to make difficult decisions and evaluate their consequences. Husbands are responsible for wives, mothers for children, employees for professional tasks. A person who is not afraid to take responsibility for anything shows himself as an independent and mature person.

Responsiveness

This is a willingness to help, the ability to disinterestedly respond to a request, to help in a difficult situation. The advantage of this quality is not only in a good attitude towards others, but also in self-perception of being a kind person.

Punctuality

This is compliance with rules and regulations. In life, this quality is more associated with the absence of delays, the ability to complete assignments on time, to comply with agreements. Especially appreciated in industries where "time is money". But do not neglect punctuality in other areas of life - its absence can be perceived as disrespect.

Determination

This is the willingness to make decisions, the ability to carry out the plan, without being shy and not succumbing to fears. Determination is the absence of the so-called paralysis of the will, when doubts interfere with activity. Closely associated with fortitude and courage. They say about decisive people: "He has an inner core."

Self-criticism

This is a sober self-assessment, an adequate perception of one's own views and activities. A self-critical person does not consider his own opinion to be the only true one, he has a sound attitude towards views from the outside. But you need to remember the golden mean, because excessive self-criticism indicates low self-esteem.

Modesty

It is the lack of intention to exalt oneself. It's nice to deal with people who have achieved a lot, and at the same time do not praise themselves at every step. Modesty is not only the absence of boasting, but also tact in relation to others. This quality can manifest itself both because of respect for other people, and because of shyness.

Courage

It is the ability not to give in to fear. They say that a brave person is not afraid of anything, but the complete absence of fear is not only recklessness, but also a syndrome of some mental abnormalities. Courage is the ability to act in spite of fears. As an example, firefighters may also be afraid of fire, but perform their professional duty without succumbing to fear.

Justice

It is correctness and impartiality. This concept is based on ideas about good and evil, the laws of retribution for good and bad deeds. Evaluating events, a fair person excludes predispositions and sympathies for someone. A person is just when he is objective.

Tolerance

This is tolerance for people. Tolerance does not allow dividing people into representatives of other nations, ethnic groups and religions. A tolerant person does not reject someone else's point of view, and is unlikely to allow himself to be rude to someone. Tolerance is a necessity of the modern world.

industriousness

It is the ability to have a positive attitude towards one's own work. Diligence is not only the willingness to give one's strength and personal time to the labor process, but also the ability to do it with pleasure. A person who systematically shirks from work and is not able to perceive his work with interest is the burden of the entire team.

Respect for others

This is a recognition of the value of other people's views. Respectful attitude towards others says that you see the personality in each person. In labor processes, this quality is mandatory, manifested in distance and subordination.

Confidence

This is a positive assessment of one's own qualities. Confidence is closely related to a person's ability to manage himself in ambiguous situations. A confident person knows his own worth, is not afraid of public speaking, and in a stressful situation knows how to control himself. Looking at such a person, you might think: "He knows what he's doing."

perseverance

This is the ability to go to the goal. This quality is characteristic of strong people who do not succumb to difficulties and failures. Perseverance in achieving goals and implementing plans shows strength of character and unshakable spirit. Persistent individuals achieve heights on their own.

Honesty

This is openness, the inadmissibility of deception in relation to others. This quality speaks of decency, morality and strong character. An honest person always respects the interlocutor, therefore he tells him the truth, sometimes even unpleasant, but necessary.

Self-esteem

This is self-respect and a high assessment of one's qualities, an understanding of value and significance. A person with this quality is unlikely to decide on a low deed, deceit, or even ordinary abuse in a public place. This is below his dignity. For such a person, it is not even the opinion of others that is important, but their own assessment of their actions.

Sense of humor

This is the ability to perceive the situation from the comic side. Even better is to find this comic side in everything. It’s more fun to live like this, and it’s pleasant for people to communicate with such a person. A sense of humor is an indicator of a person's mental health. It is not known whether laughter increases life expectancy, but it can definitely save you from unnecessary sorrows.

Generosity

This is the willingness to share with others, absolutely not wanting to receive something in return. Generous people, for example, can do charity work - help those in need, donate funds to special funds. Even the most selfless people appreciate this quality, because it shows the breadth of the soul.

Each of us has positive and negative qualities, the unique combination of which determines the character. The more good traits a person has, the faster he converges with people, the easier it is for him to live.

Naturally, there are no ideal people, but in each nature there is a good and bright beginning. To achieve harmony with yourself and the world around you, it is absolutely necessary to develop positive character traits. Their list includes many items, besides, different people have their own views on this matter, but there are universal qualities that are equally valued (in society) and make a person better. Let's try to list and characterize some of them.

How and when is character formed? Dependence on temperament

According to psychologists, individual characteristics of temperament largely influence the personality. Depending on which of the types prevails in a person and how they combine and interact, it is possible to determine the main qualities of character.

For example, choleric people are characterized by irascibility and imbalance, while sanguine people are restless and active. However, if temperament is given to everyone from birth and is unchanged, then character must be developed and educated.

For example, the innate calmness and equanimity of a phlegmatic person can be manifested both by excessive slowness and by useful and, undoubtedly, positive determination, perseverance and accuracy. Moreover, character is formed already in early childhood, so it is necessary to educate it as early as possible.

Inheritance of character and features of education

It is widely believed that positive and negative character traits can be inherited. Many even give examples of how children and grandchildren show the same qualities as the representatives of the older generation. But, according to psychologists, education still plays a much larger role. After all, it is the family that becomes the place where the first values ​​and principles are instilled.

Adults, by their example, show the child from the very first months of his life how you can and cannot behave, lay the foundations of politeness and decency. Those character traits that are valued by parents become important for their children. It can be diligence, responsibility, or, for example, cheerfulness and friendliness.

Relationship between character and nationality

Many scientists are actively studying the dependence of basic personal qualities on a person's belonging to a particular nation. They managed to substantiate quite convincingly that different types of character are formed in different countries.

It is known that the mentality has been formed for more than one century, it largely depends on the characteristics of culture, the history of philosophy and other factors. It can even be about the climate. Thus, representatives of the northern peoples tend to accumulate energy. Hence some slowness, thoroughness. Inhabitants of warm southern countries, on the contrary, generously waste energy, they are characterized by ardor and temperament. And, for example, the positive character traits inherent in the representatives of the Slavic peoples are generosity, cordiality, a tendency to self-sacrifice.

What is meant by positive traits?

The list of good qualities includes many items. At the same time, this list will be different for everyone. However, no one will argue that the success of a person in his personal life and career, his relationships with friends and relatives, and, in the end, his attitude and perception of himself, directly depend on the character.

Positive personality traits make life easier and happier. Negative ones, on the contrary, harm primarily the individual himself.

It is quite difficult to classify in any way the good qualities of a person, because they are in close relationship with each other. However, in order to make it easier to list and characterize them, we will try to distribute them into several groups. Indeed, in order to build strong relationships or succeed at work, different personal qualities are required. In addition, there are also the main character traits, without which a person, in principle, cannot be considered positive. Perhaps you can start with them.

Universal qualities

The list of primary positive qualities can begin with politeness. After all, an ill-mannered, rude, boorish person will not be able to succeed in any area of ​​life. Politeness, based on the elementary rules of etiquette, familiar to everyone since childhood, and respect for others - this is what makes us human.

Honor is one of the qualities that make us a person. This is the true nobility of the soul, the ability to strictly follow one's moral principles, without changing them even in the most difficult life situations, the desire to behave with dignity and always remain human.

Fairness is a manifestation of character helps to be honest with yourself and others. Such a person strives to do the right thing and always remains true to his ideals, openly speaking out for what he considers right.

Reliability is another of the traits necessary for both harmony in your personal life and success in your career. A person with this quality will fulfill a promise, no matter how difficult it may be, will do his job independently of others. You can rely on it in any situation, which is why reliability is so valued.

Courage and bravery, self-confidence - qualities are undoubtedly positive. After all, a coward will not be able to achieve any height and stay on it. And heroes and daredevils remain in our hearts and memory for many centuries.

Positive qualities for relationships with other people

Indicators of character that have a direct impact on our relationships with other people are undoubtedly important for each of us. After all, a person cannot live in isolation from the collective. One of the most important qualities is kindness. Such a person warmly treats others, is always ready to help friends, does not wish harm to anyone.

Closely adjacent to him are attentiveness, responsiveness and the ability to empathize. These good qualities of a person help him to establish harmonious relationships with loved ones. After all, sincere attention to people and the ability to understand their problems is much more expensive than any gifts.

Sincerity and truthfulness are qualities that have been valued at all times worth their weight in gold. A genuine, honest attitude towards others characterizes a person from the best side.

Friendliness and openness are two more character traits that help to converge with others and find new friends. Such a person quickly establishes relationships and easily maintains them.

Do not forget about such qualities as hospitality and generosity. Such a person shares his time, things and good mood with loved ones. Offers shelter and food without asking for anything in return. Welcomes guests into her home in a way that makes them feel important and significant.

Many more can be added to these qualities. Here are just a few: loyalty, tolerance, generosity, devotion, tact, and many others. The possession of these qualities makes a person attractive in the eyes of others.

Qualities that affect success in life and career

The list of positive traits that have a significant impact on success, including in the business sphere, can be opened by such a quality as determination. A person who possesses it knows how to make plans and translate them into reality. He is not distracted by minor details and confidently goes to the goal.

Activity is also a positive quality of character, indispensable in the business sphere. No wonder they say that water does not flow under a lying stone. An active person will not wait for favors from providence, but builds his own destiny with his own hands, not being afraid of mistakes and failures.

Accuracy and conscientiousness are two more character traits that have a noticeable impact on success in business life and not only. This is the ability to accurately and diligently complete the task, not forgetting the smallest details. Neat people are attentive not only to their appearance, but also to official duties, performing them conscientiously.

A positive person, if we talk about a career, is not only executive, but also proactive. This quality implies the ability to contribute to the common cause and show oneself from the best side, without waiting for instructions from the authorities, to look for new non-standard ways to solve certain problems.

The modern world requires considerable organizational skills from a person. And this is useful not only for people in leadership positions. The ability to captivate with one's idea, organize the workflow, inspire and encourage action is valued in any situation and in every team.

Flexibility also characterizes a person in the best way. We are talking about the ability to adapt to changing circumstances, to respect the decisions of superiors. However, in any situation, you should not compromise with your own conscience.

Character traits that improve the quality of life

Gratitude and contentment are qualities that allow a person to be grateful to life for everything that happens to him. This is the ability to enjoy every gift of fate, regardless of what it brought. Such a person is not afraid to show close people how he appreciates them, he thanks every new day and has every chance to achieve harmony and become happy.

The ability to judge yourself and your actions is a quality inherent in a truly strong person. Only with the help of an unbiased assessment can you avoid mistakes and achieve success in life.

The ability to forgive is a trait that is not so common today, but is necessary for a fulfilling life. Such people do not hide and do not remember grievances, they just let them go. The ability to sincerely forgive and not hold evil is a quality inherent in a happy person.

Good quality and gender

Positive and negative qualities largely depend on gender. After all, the requirements for men and women are sometimes radically different, as well as their inherent types of character.

Reliability, self-confidence, determination are expected from representatives of the strong half of humanity. A real man is ready to support and help with the solution of any difficulties, you can always rely on him, he is brave and hardy.

But a typical female character, examples of which can be found not only in life, but also in films or books, is usually portrayed as completely different. For girls, such qualities as tenderness, patience, kindness, caring and the like are much more valuable.

A real woman is, first of all, the continuer of the family, the guardian of the family, a loving mother and wife. Moreover, some qualities that are positive for girls become completely unacceptable if they are possessed by a man and vice versa. For example, meekness adorns a woman, but not a man. And excessive perseverance or desperate courage will suit a young man, but they are unlikely to be useful to a girl.

How to develop and nurture good qualities?

As mentioned above, it is necessary to educate your personality from early childhood - at first, parents do this, later - the school. But even in adulthood, you can and even need to develop your good qualities. After all, the true strength of character lies not only in what is laid down from childhood, but to a much greater extent in what is acquired through long-term self-improvement. How can this be achieved?

    First of all, you need to soberly assess yourself and determine which positive and negative character traits prevail. This is necessary in order to find out in which direction to move, what to develop, and what to eradicate.

    After a person chooses those qualities that, in his opinion, need to be educated in character, it is necessary to answer another important question: “What is this for?” Perhaps he lacks the determination and activity to properly prove himself at work, or he is not brave enough, and this interferes with his personal life.

    Positive example plays an important role in character development. Therefore, at the next stage, it would be a good idea to choose a well-known historical or fictional person who has the necessary qualities and imagine yourself in their place, to suggest how this person would behave in a given situation.

    And, of course, practice is paramount. It is impossible to cultivate any trait in yourself, whether it be determination, courage or accuracy, without showing it. In other words, you need to gradually accustom yourself to behave in a new way. And even though this manifests itself at first only in small things, later the acquired habit will become an element of character.

It is important to equally cultivate different traits in yourself, paying attention to all facets of your personality. Only then will development be harmonious and complete. However, educating yourself, you need to remember about moderation. After all, some positive character traits can easily become negative.

One can often observe how, for example, caution borders on cowardice, frugality on stinginess, and excessive gaiety on frivolity. In addition, one can look at almost any life situation from different angles and see how closely good and evil, good and bad, both in man and in the whole world, closely coexist.

Do not forget that there are no completely ideal people, but you still need to try to make the positive character traits prevail over the negative ones. Striving for excellence, constant self-development, the desire to help those in need - this is what makes a person truly positive. And you will see how the people around you who are nearby become kinder.

Character(Greek - sign, distinctive property, distinctive feature, feature, sign or seal) - the structure of persistent, relatively constant mental properties that determine the characteristics of the relationship and behavior of the individual.

When they talk about character, they usually mean by this just such a set of properties and qualities of a personality that impose a certain imprint on all its manifestations and deeds. Character traits are those essential properties of a person that determine a particular way of behavior, way of life. The static character is determined by the type of nervous activity, and its dynamics is determined by the environment.

Character is understood as:

  • a system of stable motives and ways of behavior that form a behavioral type of personality;
  • a measure of the balance of the inner and outer worlds, the features of an individual's adaptation to the reality around him;
  • distinctly expressed certainty of the typical behavior of each person.

In the system of personality relations, four groups of character traits are distinguished, forming symptom complexes:

  • the attitude of a person towards other people, a team, society (sociability, sensitivity and responsiveness, respect for others - people, collectivism and opposite traits - isolation, callousness, callousness, rudeness, contempt for people, individualism);
  • traits that show a person’s attitude to work, their work (hard work, a penchant for creativity, conscientiousness in work, a responsible attitude to business, initiative, perseverance and their opposite traits - laziness, a tendency to routine work, dishonesty, irresponsible attitude to work, passivity) ;
  • traits that show how a person relates to himself (self-esteem, correctly understood pride and self-criticism associated with it, modesty and its opposite traits - self-conceit, sometimes turning into arrogance, vanity, arrogance, touchiness, shyness, egocentrism as a tendency to consider center of events
  • oneself and one's experiences, selfishness - the tendency to care primarily about one's own personal welfare);
  • traits that characterize a person's attitude to things (neatness or carelessness, careful or careless handling of things).

One of the most famous character theories is the theory proposed by the German psychologist E. Kretschmer. According to this theory, character depends on physique.

Kretschmer described three body types and their corresponding three types of character:

Asthenics(from Greek - weak) - people are thin, with an elongated face. long arms and legs, flat (ore cell and weak muscles. The corresponding type of character is schizothymic- people are closed, serious, stubborn, difficult to adapt to new conditions. With mental disorders, they are prone to schizophrenia;

Athletics(from Greek - peculiar to wrestlers) - people are tall, broad-shouldered, with a powerful chest, a strong skeleton and well-developed muscles. Corresponding character type - xotimics- people are calm, unimpressive, practical, domineering, restrained in gestures and facial expressions; They do not like change and do not adapt well to it. With mental disorders, they are prone to epilepsy;

Picnics(from Greek - dense. thick) - people of medium height, overweight or prone to obesity, with a short neck, a large head and a broad face with small features. Corresponding character tin - cyclothymics - people are sociable, contact, emotional, easily adapting to new conditions. With mental disorders, they are prone to manic-depressive psychosis.

General concept of character and its manifestations

In concept character(from the Greek character - “seal”, “chasing”), means a set of stable individual characteristics that develop and manifest themselves in activity and communication, causing typical behaviors for it.

When they determine the character of a person, they do not say that such and such a person showed courage, truthfulness, frankness, that this person is courageous, truthful, frank, i.e. the named qualities are the properties of a given person, traits of his character, which can manifest themselves under appropriate circumstances. Knowledge of a person's character allows you to predict with a significant degree of probability and thereby correct the expected actions and deeds. It is not uncommon to say of a man of character: "He had to do it this way, he could not have done otherwise - that's his character."

However, not all human features can be considered characteristic, but only essential and stable ones. If a person, for example, is not polite enough in a stressful situation, then this does not mean that rudeness and incontinence are a property of his character. Sometimes, even very cheerful people can experience a feeling of sadness, but this does not make them whiners and pessimists.

Speaking like a lifetime human, character is determined and formed throughout a person's life. The way of life includes the way of thoughts, feelings, impulses, actions in their unity. Therefore, as a certain way of life of a person is formed, the person himself is formed. An important role here is played by social conditions and specific life circumstances in which a person’s life path passes, based on his natural properties and as a result of his deeds and deeds. However, the direct formation of character occurs in groups of different levels of development (, a friendly company, a class, a sports team, etc.). Depending on which group is the reference group for the individual and what values ​​it supports and cultivates in its environment, the corresponding character traits will develop among its members. Character traits will also depend on the position of the individual in the group, on how he integrates in it. In a team as a group high level development creates the most favorable opportunities for the formation of the best character traits. This process is mutual, and thanks to the development of the individual, the team itself develops.

Character content, reflecting social influences, influences, constitutes the life orientation of the individual, i.e. her material and spiritual needs, interests, beliefs, ideals, etc. The orientation of the personality determines the goals, the life plan of a person, the degree of his life activity. The character of a person implies the presence of something significant for him in the world, in life, something on which the motives of his actions depend, the goals of his actions, the tasks that he sets himself.

Decisive for understanding character is the relationship between socially and personally significant for a person. Every society has its own major and essential tasks. It is on them that the character of people is formed and tested. Therefore, the concept of "character" refers more to the relationship of these objectively existing tasks. Therefore, character is not just any manifestation of firmness, perseverance, etc. (formal persistence can be just stubbornness), but focus on socially significant activities. It is the orientation of the personality that underlies the unity, integrity, strength of character. The possession of life goals is the main condition for the formation of character. A spineless person is characterized by the absence or dispersion of goals. However, the nature and orientation of the personality are not the same thing. Good-natured and cheerful can be both a decent, highly moral person, and a person with low, unscrupulous thoughts. The orientation of the individual leaves an imprint on all human behavior. And although behavior is determined not by one impulse, but by an integral system of relations, in this system something always comes to the fore, dominating it, giving a peculiar flavor to the character of a person.

In the formed character, the leading component is the persuasion system. Conviction determines the long-term direction of a person's behavior, his inflexibility in achieving his goals, confidence in the justice and importance of the work he performs. Character traits are closely related to the interests of a person, provided that these interests are stable and deep. The superficiality and instability of interests are often associated with great imitation, with a lack of independence and integrity of a person's personality. And, conversely, the depth and content of interests testify to the purposefulness and perseverance of the individual. The similarity of interests does not imply similar features of character. So, among rationalizers one can find people cheerful and sad, modest and obsessive, egoists and altruists.

Indicative for the understanding of character can also be the affections and interests of a person related to his leisure. They reveal new features, facets of character: for example, L. N. Tolstoy was fond of playing chess, I. P. Pavlov - towns, D. I. Mendeleev - reading adventure novels. Whether a person's spiritual and material needs and interests dominate is determined not only by the thoughts and feelings of the individual, but also by the direction of his activity. No less important is the correspondence of a person's actions to the set goals, since a person is characterized not only by what she does, but also by how she does it. Character can only be understood as a certain unity of direction and mode of action.

People with a similar orientation can go completely different ways to achieve goals and use their own, special, techniques and methods for this. This dissimilarity also determines the specific character of the individual. Character traits, having a certain motivating force, are clearly manifested in a situation of choosing actions or ways of behaving. From this point of view, as a character trait, one can consider the degree of expression of an individual's achievement motivation - his need to achieve success. Depending on this, some people are characterized by the choice of actions that ensure success (showing initiative, competitive activity, striving for risk, etc.), while others are more likely to simply avoid failures (deviation from risk and responsibility, avoiding manifestations of activity, initiative, etc.).

Teaching about character characterology has a long history of development. The most important problems of characterology for centuries have been the establishment of types of character and their definition by its manifestations in order to predict human behavior in various situations. Since character is a lifetime formation of a personality, most of its existing classifications proceed from grounds that are external, mediated factors in the development of a personality.

One of the most ancient attempts to predict human behavior is the explanation of his character by the date of birth. A variety of ways to predict the fate and character of a person are called horoscopes.

No less popular are attempts to connect the character of a person with his name.

Significant influence on the development of characterology had physiognomy(from the Greek Physis - "nature", gnomon - "knowing") - the doctrine of the relationship between the external appearance of a person and his belonging to a certain type of personality, due to which external signs can be established psychological characteristics of this type.

Palmistry has no less famous and rich history than the physiognomic trend in characterology. Palmistry(from the Greek Cheir - "hand" and manteia - "fortune telling", "prophecy") - a system for predicting a person's character traits and his fate according to the skin relief of the palms.

Until recently, scientific psychology has consistently rejected palmistry, but the study of the embryonic development of finger patterns in connection with heredity gave impetus to the emergence of a new branch of knowledge - dermatoglyphics.

More valuable in diagnostic terms than, say, physiognomy can be considered graphology - a science that considers handwriting as a kind of expressive movements that reflect the psychological properties of the writer.

At the same time, the unity, versatility of character do not exclude the fact that in different situations the same person manifests different and even opposite properties. A person can be both very gentle and very demanding, soft and compliant and at the same time firm to the point of inflexibility. And the unity of his character can not only be preserved in spite of this, but it is precisely in this that it manifests itself.

The relationship of character and temperament

Character often compared with, and in some cases, they replace these concepts with each other.

In science, among the dominant views on the relationship between character and temperament, four main ones can be distinguished:

  • identification of character and temperament (E. Kretschmer, A. Ruzhitsky);
  • opposition of character and temperament, emphasizing the antagonism between them (P. Viktorv, V. Virenius);
  • recognition of temperament as an element of character, its core, an invariable part (S. L. Rubinshtein, S. Gorodetsky);
  • recognition of temperament as the natural basis of character (L. S. Vygotsky, B. G. Ananiev).

Based on the materialistic understanding of human phenomena, it should be noted that the common character and temperament is the dependence on the physiological characteristics of a person, and above all on the type of nervous system. The formation of character essentially depends on the properties of temperament, more closely related to the properties of the nervous system. In addition, character traits arise when the temperament is already sufficiently developed. Character develops on the basis, on the basis of temperament. Temperament determines in the character such traits as the balance or imbalance of behavior, the ease or difficulty of entering a new situation, the mobility or inertness of the reaction, etc. However, temperament does not predetermine character. People with the same temperament properties can have a completely different character. Features of temperament can contribute to or counteract the formation of certain character traits. Thus, it is more difficult for a melancholic to form courage and determination in himself than for a choleric. It is more difficult for a choleric person to develop self-restraint, phlegmatic; a phlegmatic person needs to spend more energy to become sociable than a sanguine person, etc.

However, as B. G. Ananiev believed, if education consisted only in the improvement and strengthening of natural properties, then this would lead to a monstrous uniformity of development. The properties of temperament can, to some extent, even come into conflict with the character. In P. I. Tchaikovsky, the tendency to melancholy experiences was overcome by one of the main features of his character - his ability to work. “You always need to work,” he said, “and every honest artist cannot sit idly by, under the pretext that he is not located .. If you wait for an arrangement and do not try to meet him, then you can easily fall into laziness and apathy . Disagreements very rarely happen to me. I attribute this to my being endowed with patience, and train myself never to give in to reluctance. I've learned to conquer myself."

In a person with a formed character, temperament ceases to be an independent form of personality manifestation, but becomes its dynamic side, consisting in a certain speed of the course of mental processes and manifestations of the personality, a certain characteristic of the expressive movements and actions of the personality. Here we should also note the influence exerted on the formation of character by a dynamic stereotype, i.e. a system of conditioned reflexes that form in response to a steadily repeating system of stimuli. The formation of dynamic stereotypes in a person in various repetitive situations is influenced by his attitude to the situation, as a result of which excitation, inhibition, mobility of nervous processes can change, and, consequently, the general functional state of the nervous system. It is also necessary to note the decisive role in the formation of dynamic stereotypes of the second signal system, through which social influences are carried out.

Ultimately, the traits of temperament and character are organically linked and interact with each other in a single, holistic image of a person, forming an inseparable alloy - an integral characteristic of his personality.

Character has long been identified with the will of a person, the expression “a person with character” was considered as a synonym for the expression “strong-willed person”. The will is associated primarily with the strength of character, its firmness, determination, perseverance. When they say that a person has a strong character, they thereby seem to want to emphasize his purposefulness, his strong-willed qualities. In this sense, the character of a person is best manifested in overcoming difficulties, in the struggle, i.e. in those conditions where the will of man is manifested to the greatest extent. But character is not exhausted by force, it has content, determining how the will will function under various conditions. On the one hand, in volitional deeds, character develops and manifests itself in them: volitional deeds in situations that are significant for the individual pass into the character of a person, fixing themselves in it as relatively stable properties of it; these properties, in turn, determine the behavior of a person, his volitional actions. Volitional character is distinguished by certainty, constancy and independence, firmness in the implementation of the intended goal. On the other hand, it is not uncommon for a weak-willed person to be called “spineless”. From the point of view of psychology, this is not entirely true - and a weak-willed person has certain character traits, such as fearfulness, indecision, etc. The use of the term “characterless” means the unpredictability of a person’s behavior, indicates that he does not have his own direction, an internal core that would determine his behavior. His actions are caused by external influences and do not depend on himself.

The peculiarity of character is also reflected in the peculiarities of the flow of human feelings. This was pointed out by K. D. Ushinsky: “nothing, neither words, nor thoughts, nor even our actions express ourselves and our attitude to the world so clearly and correctly, as our feelings: they hear the character of not a separate thought, not a separate decision, but the entire content of our soul and its structure. The connection between feelings and properties of a person's character is also mutual. On the one hand, the level of development of moral, aesthetic, intellectual feelings depends on the nature of a person's activity and communication and on the character traits formed on this basis. On the other hand, these feelings themselves become characteristic, stable features of the personality, thus constituting the character of a person. The level of development of a sense of duty, a sense of humor and other complex feelings is a fairly indicative characteristic of a person.

Especially great importance for characterological manifestations has the relationship of intellectual personality traits. The depth and sharpness of thought, the unusual posing of the question and its solution, intellectual initiative, confidence and independence of thinking - all this makes up the originality of the mind as one of the sides of character. However, how a person uses his mental faculties will depend significantly on character. Often there are people who have high intellectual data, but do not give anything of value precisely because of their characterological features. Numerous literary images of superfluous people serve as an example of this (Pechorin, Rudin, Beltov, etc.). As I. S. Turgenev well said through the mouth of one of the characters in the novel about Rudin: “There is perhaps genius in him, but no nature.” Thus, the real achievements of a person do not depend on some abstractly taken mental capabilities, but on a specific combination of his features and characterological properties.

character structure

In general form, all character traits can be divided into basic, leading, setting the general direction for the development of the whole complex of its manifestations, and secondary, determined by the main. So, if we consider such traits as indecision, timidity and altruism, then with the prevalence of the first, a person, first of all, constantly fears “no matter how something happens” and all attempts to help one’s neighbor usually end in inner feelings and the search for justification. If the second trait is altruism, then the person outwardly shows no hesitation, immediately comes to the rescue, controlling his behavior with the intellect, but at the same time he may sometimes have doubts about the correctness of the actions taken.

Knowledge of leading traits allows you to reflect the main essence of the character, to show its main manifestations. Writers, artists, wanting an idea of ​​the character of the hero, first of all describe his leading, pivotal features. So, A. S. Pushkin put into the mouth of Vorotynsky (in the tragedy “Boris Godunov”) an exhaustive description of Shuisky - “a crafty courtier”. Some heroes literary works so deeply and truly reflect certain typical character traits that their names become common nouns (Khlestakov, Oblomov, Manilov, etc.).

Although every character trait reflects one of the manifestations of a person's attitude to reality, this does not mean that any attitude will be a character trait. Only some relationships, depending on the conditions, become features. From the totality of the relationship of the individual to the surrounding reality, it is necessary to single out the character-forming forms of relations. the most important hallmark of such relations is the decisive, paramount and general vital importance of those objects to which man belongs. These relationships simultaneously serve as the basis for the classification of the most important character traits.

The character of a person is manifested in the system of relations:

  • In relation to other people (at the same time, such character traits as sociability - isolation, truthfulness - deceit, tact - rudeness, etc. can be distinguished).
  • In relation to the case (responsibility - dishonesty, diligence - laziness, etc.).
  • In relation to oneself (modesty - narcissism, self-criticism - self-confidence, pride - humiliation, etc.).
  • In relation to property (generosity - greed, frugality - extravagance, accuracy - slovenliness, etc.). It should be noted a certain conventionality of this classification and a close relationship, the interpenetration of these aspects of relations. So, for example, if a person shows rudeness, then this concerns his relationship to people; but if at the same time he works as a teacher, then here it is already necessary to talk about his attitude to the matter (bad faith), about his attitude towards himself (narcissism).

Despite the fact that these relationships are the most important from the point of view of character formation, they do not simultaneously and immediately become character traits. There is a certain sequence in the transition of these relations into character traits, and in this sense it is impossible to put in one row, say, the attitude towards other people and the attitude towards property, since their very content plays a different role in the real existence of a person. A decisive role in the formation of character is played by the attitude of a person to society, to people. The character of a person cannot be revealed and understood outside the team, without taking into account his attachments in the form of camaraderie, friendship, love.

In the structure of character, one can distinguish traits that are common to a certain group of people. Even the most original person can find some trait (for example, unusual, unpredictable behavior), the possession of which allows him to be attributed to a group of people with similar behavior. In this case, we should talk about typical in character traits. N. D. Levitov believes that the type of character is a specific expression in the individual character of traits common to a certain group of people. Indeed, as noted, character is not innate, it is formed in the life and work of a person as a representative of a certain group, a certain society. Therefore, the character of a person is always a product of society, which explains the similarities and differences in the characters of people belonging to different groups.

Diverse typical features are reflected in the individual character: national, professional, age. Thus, people of the same nationality are in the conditions of life that have developed over many generations, they experience the specific features of national life; develop under the influence of the existing national structure, language. Therefore, people of one nationality differ in their way of life, habits, rights, and character from people of another. These typical features are often fixed by everyday consciousness in various attitudes and stereotypes. Most people have a formed image of a representative of a particular country: an American, a Scot, an Italian, a Chinese, etc.

Studying the personality of a person, whether it be a woman, a man or a child, one can always reveal a bad inclination to unseemly behavior due, for example, to mistakes in education, psychological trauma. But even bad heredity can be secured. Consider the main negative traits of human character.

Authoritarianism

The desire to dominate everything, ignoring any needs of other people. Explicit or implicit demand for submission and discipline from everyone with whom a person intersects. Someone else's opinion is not taken into account, any disobedience is stopped without an attempt to find a mutually beneficial solution. It is believed that this is a typical negative trait of the Russian character.

Aggressiveness

The desire to conflict with others. In early childhood, this is an obligatory negative character trait of a child who is learning ways to protect his interests. For an aggressive adult, provocative, sometimes deliberately false statements, raised tone, and insults are typical. Sometimes attempts are made to influence the opponent physically.

gambling

A painful desire to achieve the set goal, regardless of the size of the risks, ignoring one's own and others' logical reasoning about the excess of spending over the value of the desired result. Often becomes the cause of situations leading to death, loss of health or significant financial losses.

Greed

Pathological desire for personal material gain in any situation. Gaining profit at any cost becomes the only source of positive emotions in life. At the same time, the duration of pleasant sensations from the benefits received is extremely short-lived - due to the uncontrolled constant desire to enrich oneself even more.

apathy

The absence of an emotional reaction to most external stimuli due to a particular temperament or due to the body's defensive reaction to stress. It is one of the reasons for the impossibility of achieving even simple goals due to the inability or unwillingness to concentrate, to make strong-willed efforts.

carelessness

Careless fulfillment of obligations due to unwillingness to act according to the rules already known to all or misunderstanding of the algorithms necessary for the quick and least costly achievement of existing goals. Often this is a typical negative character trait of a woman who has just escaped from excessive parental care.

Indifference

Real or deliberately demonstrated lack of interest in a particular subject, object, event, duties due to innate emotional coldness, experienced severe stress or, instilled from infancy, a sense of superiority over people with a different social status, different faith, nationality, race.

Irresponsibility

Consciously chosen, imposed during upbringing or due to moral immaturity, the position of refusal from a real awareness of the consequences of one's own actions, unwillingness to make decisions that affect one's own and others' quality of life. In difficult everyday situations, active actions are not carried out because of the expectation that the problem will resolve itself.

Facelessness

The absence of individual traits, due to which the individual subject is easily "lost" in total mass people like him. In the process of communication, the “gray man” does not arouse sympathy because of his obsession with uninteresting topics, in the team he is uninitiative, boring, afraid of innovations and opposes them in every possible way.

Ruthlessness

Emotional indifference to other people's troubles, inability or unwillingness to sympathize, sympathize with people in particular and living beings in general, experiencing physical or emotional pain. Sometimes it is deliberate inhumanity in actions that cause suffering and even death of the objects chosen as victims.

impudence

Intentional or unconscious violation of the norms, the sequence of actions adopted in a given society in relation to a particular situation. The reason for intentional swagger may be the desire to provoke a conflict or draw attention to one's own person, unconscious - errors in education, emotional immaturity.

talkativeness

A painful need to constantly participate in a dialogue with one or more interlocutors, regardless of the content of the conversation, the degree of enthusiasm for it by other participants, the relevance of the conversation. The main goal of such an interlocutor is not to receive new information, but the role of the narrator when in contact with someone. At the same time, he can disseminate information that others would prefer to keep secret.

Windiness

The inability to keep any promises and take into account the interests of others, the lack of the ability to move for a long time in order to achieve one goal, the desire for a constant change in the circle of friends, partners. The absence of principles and clear behavioral boundaries, the rapid fading of interest in a particular occupation, a person.

lust for power

Passionate desire for control over all and the expectation of unquestioning obedience, the desire for unlimited power, especially over the more educated and skillful. Intoxication with one's own superior position in situations where others are forced to seek help or seek protection, material support.

Suggestibility

In a pathological form, this is a subconscious tendency to perceive behavior imposed from outside without one's own conscious understanding and weighing the results of one's actions performed under the influence of someone else's authority. However, reduced suggestibility can cause learning difficulties.

Vulgarity

The inability to find a balance between originality and vulgarity in communication, when choosing clothes, social guidelines, and so on. For example, during a dialogue, the interlocutor communicates in raised tones, mannerisms, and does not disdain greasy jokes. When choosing an outfit, she prefers catchy things, and the constituent elements often do not fit well with each other.

stupidity

The inability or unwillingness to determine logically correct conclusions even from the simplest everyday problems, the tendency to see a healthy grain in pseudoscientific and populist statements, the inability to subject information from sources that are independently elevated to the status of authoritative ones to a reasonable critical analysis.

Pride

Confidence in the social, moral, mental insignificance of others, the inability to forgive for personal and other people's mistakes, the denial of the possibility of having worthy features in other subjects of society. It develops against the background of distortions made in education, degradation of the personality due to illness, immaturity of the personality, coupled with a high social status.

Coarseness

Unwillingness to adhere to a polite, accepted in a normal society format of communication with interlocutors due to personality deformation due to illness, injury, stress, or the frequent need to take a defensive position when encroaching on territory and rights. Typical manifestations: communication in raised tones, rudeness, obscene language.

Greed, avarice

The desire to minimize costs even to the detriment of health, basic hygiene and common sense. The pathological pursuit of material stability can manifest itself in the form of a refusal to get rid of garbage, rubbish, ignoring the reasonable requests of a loved one to purchase essentials.

Cruelty

The desire to cause discomfort to living subjects for the sake of personal moral satisfaction. The impact on the victim can be both intangible - in the form of insults and refusal to satisfy some important emotional needs, and physical - through causing pain, torment, encroachment on life.

Forgetfulness

The inability to remember some data necessary in everyday life, a combination of actions to achieve a specific goal, an algorithm for starting or turning off the device. It occurs due to age-related changes in the brain, information overload. May be the result of a stressful situation that you want to forget.

Addiction

The desire to enjoy the performance of actions or the use of a certain substance, even if the source of pleasant emotions is harmful to health, relationships with others, leads to large amounts of money, pushes to a crime because of the desire to achieve a "high", in the absence of legal access to it.

Envy

Inability to enjoy any personal benefits, achievements, qualities. The tendency to constantly compare the values ​​of oneself and others. Moreover, the “crumbs” on the other side always seem larger, tastier and more desirable than their own “placers”. In a pathological form, it deprives of cheerfulness, the ability to soberly assess one's own and other people's merits.

Complexity

Constant belittling in one's own eyes of one's own natural talents, trained abilities, denial of the value of personal developments, inability to force oneself to declare personal achievements in a circle of authoritative persons. It is formed due to excessively strict upbringing, psychological trauma or a disease of the nervous system.

boredom

The habit of teaching everyone and everywhere, repeatedly discussing the same topic, despite the obvious lack of interest in it among people who are trying to be drawn into a dialogue. The reason lies in the pathological love of attention and endless conversations on any topic, even if the instigator of the conversation is a complete layman in the topic under discussion.

Anger

An emotional manifestation of strong dissatisfaction with something, a landmark indicating the presence of conditions that are clearly uncomfortable for a person. In the absence of actions that eliminate the cause of the formation of feelings, over time it can push to commit an offense, so you should not ignore the manifestations of anger.

pampered

It is a bad habit to demand the fulfillment of one's desire as soon as possible, without taking into account the capabilities of the one to whom the claim is made. The refusal to control and restrain one's own needs, to endure the slightest inconvenience, and to personally make emotional and physical efforts to achieve what one wants.

Laziness

Lack of desire to strain for personal needs, a tendency to idle pastime all day long. In behavior, there is a desire to obtain comfort at the expense of the work of others, a deep aversion to useful activity, even in minimal volumes. When applying for a job, this negative character trait for a resume should not be indicated.

deceitfulness

Conscious systematic statement of unreliable information to interlocutors for slanderous purposes, for their own benefit or masking personal mistakes in some activity. The pathological form is inherent in self-doubt individuals who try to impress others with fictional stories about themselves.

Hypocrisy

Feigned assurances of love, sincere admiration and goodwill towards the interlocutor during a conversation with him. The purpose of such behavior is fawning and the desire to flatter for one's own benefit, while hiding the true, perhaps even malicious, moods towards the participant in the dialogue or the object of the conversation.

Flattery

The tendency to excessive constant praise aloud of other people's real and imaginary virtues, virtues, for the sake of their own self-interest. Knowingly negative actions, the actions of an influential person, specially whitewashed by a flatterer and voiced by him as the only correct decision in the situation under consideration, can also turn out to be an object of exaltation.

Curiosity

In a pathological form, this is the desire to find out information of interest, regardless of decency, personal feelings of the interrogated and the situation of the situation in which communication takes place. The cause of unhealthy curiosity is a painful desire to be aware of even those events that are not related to the person showing interest.

Pettiness

The habit of attaching great importance to their insignificant statements, actions. The widespread sticking out of their imaginary achievements as opposed to the really important and heroic deeds of the people around them. Attention to mediocre details at the expense of values, the desire for reporting on household expenses up to "one thousandth".

revenge

The tendency to focus personal attention on all minor and major troubles, worldly conflicts, far-fetched grievances, so that over time, it is imperative to pay handsomely to each of the offenders. At the same time, the duration of the time period from the moment of receiving a real or imaginary insult does not matter.

Impudence

Unceremonious behavior in any situation, the desire to achieve what you want at minimal cost and "over the heads" of others. Such behavior is formed due to improper upbringing, because of a difficult childhood, or, conversely, because of spoiledness, which has consolidated the habit of always getting what you want at any cost.

Arrogance

The perception of the majority of others as subjects of a deliberately lower category due to a fictitious difference in social status or a real difference in material, national, racial or other grounds. The reason may be a defensive reaction to the wounding of pride in the past or distortions in education.

Annoyance

Inability or unwillingness to independently deal with emerging problems, have fun or relax. The reason may lie in emotional immaturity, fear of loneliness, the desire to increase self-esteem through active participation in the lives of other people, even if they experience obvious discomfort from this and openly declare it.

narcissism

Unreasonable and unreasonable self-praise, narcissism under any circumstances, the desire to embellish the results of one's actions and the actions taken themselves, selfishness, indifference not only to strangers, but also to close people, only interested in personal comfort and benefit.

Negligence

Unwillingness to qualitatively fulfill the obligations taken or assigned, neglect in behavior with people in domestic or professional relations, insufficient attention to entrusted values, inability - due to poor education or personal deformation, to understand the importance of diligence when working on something.

Touchiness

An increased negative reaction to everyday troubles due to hypertrophied egoism. It is because of him that you want the world to spin at your feet, and those around you, forgetting about your own needs, meet your expectations around the clock and all year round: they are polite, generous and caring, striving to provide someone else's comfort.

Limitation

Confidence that the true picture of the world is available only to you, and other explanations of the structure of the universe and the principles of interaction between man and environment- a complete invention of narrow-minded dorks. It arises due to insufficient education, a congenital developmental defect that prevents adequate assimilation of educational information.

Alarmism

The tendency to accept as reality the imaginary catastrophic consequences of any, even minor incidents in one's own life and the world as a whole. It is a manifestation of a bad upbringing by a reinsurer, an overly violent fantasy or a disorder of the nervous system due to stress, illness.

vulgarity

A penchant for frilly outfits, demonstrating real or ostentatious material security through the acquisition of unnecessary luxury items. Or, and sometimes both, passion for sebaceous jokes, obscene anecdotes, often voiced in an absolutely inappropriate environment for the sake of causing a feeling of embarrassment in the majority of listeners.

Irritability

A negative reaction to an irritant, expressed in an excessive manifestation of emotions, the saturation of which does not correspond to the strength of the impact of an unpleasant factor for some reason. The cause of irritability can be external or internal, caused by congestion of the nervous system or exhaustion of the body by a disease.

extravagance

The inability to rationally spend income, including the desire to systematically or constantly make acquisitions for the sake of the process itself, and not for the purpose of exploiting the purchased item or thing. It is based on the desire to feel like a "master of the world", to correspond to the status of a financially secure person.

Jealousy

Showing dissatisfaction or distrust of the subject, which has a certain value for the jealous. It is expressed as a suspicion of infidelity or a greater emotional predisposition to another person (in the place of the accused there may be not only a spouse, but also a mother, sister, friend - the list can be endless).

Samoyedism

The habit of justifiably and unreasonably accusing oneself of a multitude of sins of various magnitudes. For example, in insufficient attention to the performance of duties, although in reality at work or in relationships a person gives all the best. Possible reasons: low self-esteem, actively supporting an interested environment, perfectionism.

self-confidence

Unreasonable exaltation of one's abilities, supposedly allowing one to cope with a certain or any task. It is the cause of bragging and risky acts, often committed with a rejection of the rules of safety, the laws of physics and the arguments of logic. It is based on inexperience, dependence on the desire to live on the verge of a foul.

weak will

Lack of ability to perform an effort of will for the sake of a desired goal or to resist dangerous, illegal temptations, morally degraded individuals. The tendency to submit to other people's decisions, even when they require serious sacrifices. Such a negative character trait of a man can make him the object of ridicule in the team.

Cowardice

The inability to resist the opponent due to insufficiently developed willpower, susceptibility to a phobia. It can be expressed as a flight from the scene of some events due to an imaginary or real danger to one's own health, life, despite the fact that other possible participants in the incident are left in danger.

Vanity

The desire to receive praise for real and imaginary merits. The desire to first of all have a positive image, and not be worthy of compliments. Illegibility in the quality of voiced approvals - flattery is also perceived favorably. Moreover, it is not always possible to distinguish it from sincere statements.

Stubbornness

The desire to act only according to one's own ideas about the correctness of the chosen path, the rejection of authorities, ignoring the well-known rules, purely because of the habit of acting the way one has decided. Lack of ability to be flexible in the face of a conflict of interests, unwillingness or inability to take into account the goals and capabilities of others.

selfishness

Conscious selfishness, the desire to live in comfort, regardless of the possible inconvenience that follows from this for others. Their interests are always exalted above the desires of other people, the opinions of the latter on this and other occasions are never taken into account. All decisions are based solely on self-interest.