What is the fifth column? The Fifth Column in Russia. What is the Fifth Column? Russian newspaper fifth column
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They write books and make films about secret agents. At the same time, society perceives such characters ambiguously.
When a hero risks his life in another country for the sake of saving his homeland and compatriots, as a rule, people sympathize with him. A foreign spy who has infiltrated a foreign state with the aim of destroying it and destroying its inhabitants calls negative emotions from viewers and readers. And how to perceive the real traitors to the Motherland, who live next to us and receive generous rewards from foreign customers, destabilize Russia? Phraseologism "fifth column" is applied to a group of such persons. The traitors themselves consider themselves the Russian "liberal" opposition. Although in reality they denigrate the real ideas of liberalism, demonstrating solidarity with Ukrainian Bendera, Chechen terrorists or states hostile to the Russian Federation. Political scientists call such "liberals" non-systemic opposition. Like a virus, they penetrate all state systems: political, financial, law enforcement, educational, culture and media. Then, having received an order from above, they begin to sow panic among the masses, create chaos in the country and support pro-Western sentiments. As a result, permissiveness and corruption flourish, corrupt officials and swindlers fill their pockets. The state of the economy is deteriorating and the standard of living of ordinary citizens is sharply falling. The authorities are forced to use radical measures to suppress the riots, which is what the traitors are trying to achieve. They "stir up" the mass discontent of people against the current leadership of the country, coming up with various pretexts. For example, totalitarianism, the brutality of the security forces or the violation of human rights.
How the fifth column appeared in Russia
The formation of this structure began in the eighties of the last century by the American Michael McFaul, former ambassador The United States in the Russian Federation. He gathered a certain circle of people and with their help launched a powerful activity against the welfare of the USSR. In the dashing nineties, the country was in a state of socio-economic chaos, which McFaul took advantage of by creating a pro-Western opposition. Even now, he has complete information about our country, knows all opposition groups in the Russian Federation and actively cooperates with some of them. In 2003, the non-systemic opposition parties, the Union of Right Forces, led by the now late Boris Nemtsov, and Yabloko, led by Grigory Yavlinsky, lost their parliamentary status, having not received the required number of votes in the elections to the State Duma. During the same period, oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovsky, who collaborated with the West and opposed Vladimir Putin, received a prison sentence for financial crimes. In 2004, Putin was elected president of the country for a second term. He dismissed Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov, forming a new government team. Therefore, most of the pro-Western politicians and "liberals" found themselves on the sidelines of the state system. As a result of their removal, the United States lost the opportunity to influence Russian politics. Then the Americans prepared a plan for a color revolution in the Russian Federation, which the "liberals" had to carry out. In addition to politicians and public figures, the fifth column in Russia represents the intelligentsia that idolizes the West and forms Russophobic sentiments in Russia. Many of these people have received citizenship of the United States or European countries, where they have real estate, and their children are studying at foreign universities. Such intellectuals hate the Russian nation, treat Russia with contempt and, while promoting the prosperous life of Western countries, act exclusively in their interests. Some liberals successfully disguise themselves and present themselves as well-wishers of the Russian Federation. However, it is important to understand that pro-Westerners and Russophobes do not care about the fate of our state.
The fifth column in Russia: the faces of the traitors
With the help of the intelligentsia, it is easy to conduct information campaigns, since citizens trust the opinion of famous persons. At the same time, if some people may not know politicians, officials, journalists, then popular actors, writers and musicians are familiar to everyone. Most of them, with the money of the hated people, provided themselves with a completely comfortable old age. Representatives of the fifth column acted in films, traveled on tour throughout the country, published books in thousands of copies. However, they prefer to dance to the tune of the West and throw mud at the state in which they live. For example, the singer Andrei Makarevich in one of his interviews called the Russian people slaves who are not able to think. In addition, he is an opponent of the annexation of Crimea to the Russian Federation and an ardent supporter Kiev authorities... TV presenter Mikhail Shats openly accuses Russians of military operations in Ukraine. Ksenia Sobchak calls the Russian people cattle. According to the writer Lyudmila Ulitskaya, she is surrounded by dirty savages in the face of Russians. By the way, she corresponded with Khodorkovsky when he was in prison. The writer Vladimir Voinovich hates the Russian president and calls him a criminal. Actress Liya Akhedzhakova is confident that Russia shot down the Malaysian plane in 2014 and even apologizes to Ukraine on behalf of the entire Russian nation. There are many similar examples. Of course, one can ignore the statements of the traitors, especially Akhedzhakova and Voinovich. You never know what will come to mind at such a respectable age? And Makarevich, perhaps, does not have enough audience at the concerts. So he decided to become famous for his bad deeds. However, these “comrades”, together with non-professional politicians, propagandize Western values and despise the country's leadership and its inhabitants.
Fifth column rallies
The traitors are trying in every possible way to turn the citizens of Russia against the authorities. The scheme of action is simple: the people are gathered for a protest demonstration, people are dissatisfied with the government and carry out a coup d'etat. Then the leading posts will be occupied by the organizers of the coup, and not the people's representatives, as was announced to the people. As a result, the new "leadership" will enrich itself by destroying our country at the command of the West. So from 2011 to 2013, there were massive protest movements in the country, the symbol of which was the white ribbon. Representatives of the "liberal" opposition once again did not get into the State Duma and, accusing the authorities of falsifying the elections, demanded the resignation of Vladimir Putin. The rally on Chistoprudny Boulevard was attended by about seven thousand people. The fifth column in Russia spread the information in advance through social networks and their own media. Well-known "liberals" spoke at the rally: Boris Nemtsov, Alexei Navalny, Mikhail Kasyanov, Evgenia Chirikova, as well as Viktor Shenderovich and Ilya Yashin. The main slogan was: "Let's return the power to the people!" Then riots began, clashes with the police and the arrest of 300 protesters, including Yashin and Navalny. True, they were released fifteen days later. The next protest action on Bolotnaya Square gathered about 150 thousand people, among them Boris Akunin, Ksenia Sobchak, Oleg Kashin, Grigory Yavlinsky, Leonid Parfenov. The Belolentochniks demanded the release of the "political prisoners", the appointment of re-elections and the dismissal of Vladimir Churov, the head of the Central Election Commission. On December 24, a rally of many thousands took place on Academician Sakharov Avenue, where Andrei Makarevich, Ksenia Sobchak, Mikhail Prokhorov, Yevgeny Roizman took part. Actions under the slogans: "Russia without Putin" and "For Fair Elections" took place in many large cities of the country.
Support for criminals and gay pride parades
In February 2012, the soloists of the Pussy Riot group insulted the feelings of believers by performing the so-called "punk prayer" in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. They grimaced at the altar and shouted: "Mother of God, drive Putin away." A few days later, the members of the group were arrested, they were threatened with a real term. In some Russian cities, demonstrations were held in support of the "singers". The cultural figures decided to write a collective letter, where they demanded to stop the criminal prosecution of the girls. The defenders of Pussy Riot were: Liya Akhedzhakova, Andrei Makarevich, Boris Akunin, Lyudmila Ulitskaya, Viktor Shenderovich and others. A similar situation took place in the country after the arrest of Nadezhda Savchenko. The activists staged pickets and wrote a letter to the President of the Russian Federation demanding the release of the Ukrainian military. Among the defenders of Nadezhda are familiar faces again: Vladimir Shenderovich, Liya Akhedzhakova, Lyudmila Ulitskaya. In addition, the participants of the fifth column spoke unflatteringly about the celebration of May 9. For example, according to Lev Ponomarev, head of the For Human Rights movement, the demonstration of military equipment during the parade proves that Russia is a threat to the outside world. I wonder where he saw the threat? How can you see elements of aggression on Victory Day? The representative of the "liberal" opposition in Russia Valeria Novodvorskaya, now deceased, together with the same Ponomarev, advocated holding gay pride parades in the Russian Federation, since the prohibition of such events allegedly violates the rights of gays and lesbians. The "liberals" became especially active after Vladimir Putin signed a law prohibiting the promotion of homosexuality among children. The presidential decree was supported by 88% of Russians. Navalny and Sobchak have repeatedly spoken out in defense of sexual minorities. At the same time, it is not clear how their rights are being violated? Are gay people denied employment or medical care? Is someone forcing them into hiding or arresting them? They were just forbidden to demonstrate their "features" and impose them on the younger generation.
Trying in vain
For many years, the State Department has used the fifth column to weaken Russia. Washington, through the American Fund for the Support of Democracy, allocated millions of dollars to the parties of the "liberal" opposition of the Russian Federation. The appearance of Vladimir Putin greatly worried the United States. Therefore, before presidential elections in March 2012, the American authorities ordered the traitors to Russia not to allow the then prime minister to win. As a result, Russia was overwhelmed by a powerful protest movement of white ribbon workers. Then it seemed that the current government of the country was about to be overthrown. Representatives of the fifth column were looking forward to another portion of dollars from Washington for completing a difficult mission. Sociologists talked about the decline in Putin's rating. However, US analysts did not expect that the vigorous activity of the "liberals" would have the opposite effect and help Vladimir Putin win the elections for the third time. An attempt to organize a color revolution in Russia failed. The traitors tried to rectify the situation and continued to organize protests, but it was no longer possible to gather crowds of many thousands. The people did not support the far-fetched claims against the President of the Russian Federation. Instead of collapsing the country from within, the fifth column only strengthened the authority of the head of state. In 2012-2013, cases of theft among white tape workers and their cooperation with foreign foundations became known to the public. Such information opened the eyes of many Russians who supported pro-Western leaders. In addition, the people saw the results of the color revolution in other countries, for example, in Ukraine. Residents of multimillion-dollar Russia will never allow this to happen to their country. Therefore, traitors can only bite their elbows and admit defeat.
The material was prepared by Daria Lychagina
In the news every now and then they talk about some kind of "fifth column". I would like to know what this term means?
Answer
The term “fifth column” is widely used in political phraseology and journalism to refer to various types of internal adversaries. In other words, the fifth column refers to people who cause alarm in the country and hide their foreign ties from the public. These can be saboteurs, saboteurs, internal enemies.
The term "fifth column" itself appeared in the 30s of the XX century during the Spanish Civil War. At some point, rumors of traitors operating in the country began to spread in Madrid. The Republican government arrested thousands of actual supporters of General Franco, who led the anti-republican forces, and simply fell under suspicion of people. Dozens of corpses were found on the streets of Madrid every morning. There were rumors of the impending doom of the Republic cause. Therefore, maybe the accidentally dropped phrase fell on fertile soil.
It is believed that for the first time this term was used by the famous Brigadier General Emilio Mola, commander of the troops of the nationalists. Speaking on the radio, he outlined a picture of the fighting of the four columns advancing on Madrid, and mentioned the presence of a fifth column, which is already in the city and will begin the offensive. After that, the rebel army came very close to Madrid, but in view of the limited number of soldiers and ammunition, they did not dare to storm. Therefore, it is still unknown whether Mola told the truth about the presence of the fifth column.
The activity, dubbed the fifth column during the Spanish Civil War, took place in a wide variety of countries at different historical periods. However, one of the most researched and famous is the German fifth column of the Second World War. We are talking about Nazi agents in other states, which contributed to their capture by German troops.
In our time, the fifth columns of China and Russia are operating. And many Russian politicians claim that the fifth US column is functioning in their country.
In Ukraine, the concept of the fifth column has been widely used since the mid-2000s. As a rule, it is used to denote pro-Russian movements. In independent Ukraine, the fifth column is a number of political parties that support the foreign policy of the neighboring state. A striking example of their activities can be called the Severodonetsk Congress, the main goal of which was to create a South-Eastern Autonomous Republic.
During the 2014-2015 Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the term “fifth column” became even more widespread. President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko repeatedly uses it in his public speeches and addresses.
The concept of the "fifth column" has found its reflection in art. In 1938, Ernest Hemingway, who was in Madrid as an American war correspondent during the Civil War, wrote a play about Republican counterintelligence called The Fifth Column. In 1960, a film with Richard Burton in the title role was filmed based on the script of the play.
Each state has its own geopolitical and economic interests - a well-known truth for a long time.
But not everyone understands that an economically and politically strong Russia is an undesirable moment for many countries. Why?
Because the colossus of Russia, an unpredictable and strong state, scares the developed countries, they see it as a competitor who must be weakened at any cost.
Therefore, advanced powers and wars were unleashed by someone else's hands.
1. Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachov.
Gorbachev's betrayal led to bloody ethnic strife, conflicts flared up on all outskirts of the USSR: Transnistria, New Uzen in Kazakhstan, Fergana Valley, Georgian - Abkhazian conflict, Nagorno Karabakh and so on.
Strikes began, empty counters and huge queues, the destruction of strategic weapons and the collapse of the Warsaw Pact. The list can be very long. Of course, Gorbachev was praised in the United States - he took and weakened, destroyed, smashed into pieces a great great power. We are smaller, we are less dangerous. We became at enmity with each other and learned to hate each other. We were engaged in internal showdowns and removed the attention from the outside. The great power disintegrated. And of course, ordinary citizens of the USSR paid for Gorbachev's betrayal with their lives and crippled destinies.
2. Boris Nemtsov.
Nemtsov is one of the founders of the Union of Right Forces party and the Solidarity movement, which are openly supported by the US State Department, receiving millions of dollars for their activities aimed at destroying the Russian Federation.
3. Dmitrieva Oksana.
Oksana Dmitrieva was included in the fifth column after she met with US Ambassador Michael McFaul on January 17, 2012. It became clear that Dmitrieva went to receive instructions from the US Embassy. But her activities as an agent of the State Department began long before that.
4. Irina Khakamada.
Irina Khakamada was the co-chairman of the Union of Right Forces party. The founder of the party was not unknown Anatoly Chubais, who was and remains a CIA agent.
In 1993, Khakamada was elected a deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, where she voted and initiated laws regarding the de-sovereignty of our country. As a deputy, she also participated in thieves 'loans-for-shares auctions, and thieves' privatization. Member of the Russian People's Democratic Union - a Russian social and political movement of centrist democratic orientation. The leader is one of the brightest representatives of the fifth column, M. M. Kasyanov.
5. Gennady Gudkov.
Gennady Gudkov in 2001 became a deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. Voted for all the laws of the occupation adopted by the State Duma. March 14, 2013, announced the creation of his own party. On December 15 of the same year, the Social Democratic political party "Social Democrats of Russia" (SDR) was established, and he was elected its chairman. The leadership of the party also included deputies expelled from the "Fair Russia" party: his son Dmitry Gudkov and Ilya Ponomarev.
At the congress, allies of the new party were identified, prominent representatives of the fifth column, it was decided to create a coalition with the Yabloko parties - from which he ran for governor, Navalny's People's Alliance party and the Green Alliance environmental party. He was the customer and participant of the rallies on Sakharov and Bolotnaya, sponsored by the US State Department.
6. Dmitry Gudkov.
Dmitry Gudkov in 2011 became a deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. Just like his father, he voted for all the occupation laws passed by the State Duma. Dmitry Gudkov, together with deputy Ilya Ponomarev, established the Foundation for the Support of Independent Media. Funds to finance the fund are allocated by the US Department of State through NGOs in Russia.
On March 1, 2013 Dmitry Gudkov went to the USA. Report back on your work and receive new guidance.
On March 4, Gudkov took part in the conference “New Approach or Status Quo? Relations between the US, EU and Russia against the backdrop of Putin's repressions. " It was held in the building of the US Senate, and it was organized by the human rights organization Freedom House, the foundation and the Institute of Modern Russia.
7. Mikhail Kasyanov.
During his premiership, he is known for large corruption schemes, for which he received the nickname "Misha 2%". Receives funding from the US National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (NDI). As part of its mission, “NDI provides practical assistance to public and political leaders promoting democratic values, practices and institutions. The NDI works with Democrats in every region of the world to help build political and social organizations, ensure fair elections, and promote civic participation, openness and accountability in governments. ” The US State Department officially regulates the political life of Russia through its organization. He took part and was the organizer of major actions of the fifth column in Russia. He regularly visits the US Embassy in Moscow and the US government.
8. Ilya Ponomarev.
In 2007 he became a deputy of the State Duma. Voted for all the laws of the occupation adopted by the State Duma. In 2010, he was appointed advisor to the president of the Skolkovo Foundation, from where he stole $ 750,000, allegedly received for his lectures. In fact, the money was transferred to them to support the fifth column in her protest actions in 2011-2012.
In 2012 he founded the Open Projects Foundation, which supports civic engagement, projects aimed at changes in public and political life, with the aim of promoting the development of civil society in Russia. Through this fund, Ponomarev receives funding from the US Department of State absolutely legally.
9. Garry Kasparov.
Participated in the creation of the Democratic Party of Russia (DPR). Kasparov was elected one of the deputy chairmen. Already in 1991, Kasparov received the Keeper of the Flame award from the US Center for Security Policy, which is awarded to citizens for public activities aimed at spreading democratic values and respect for human rights.
In 2004 Kasparov founded the Committee “2008: Free choice"And became its chairman, and also became a co-chairman of the organizing committee of the All-Russian civil congress" Russia for democracy, against dictatorship "(VGK) together with a member of the human rights movement Lyudmila Alekseeva.
He is also the founder of the oppositional public association "Other Russia". In this movement, a coalition was to be formed that would unite representatives of the opposition of various political persuasions, who agreed on the need to oppose the policy of Vladimir Putin to restore the country's sovereignty. Kasparov, as a US citizen, spoke and financed the rallies of the fifth column in Moscow in December 2011 and 2012.
10. Lyudmila Alekseeva.
Lyudmila Alekseeva began to conduct subversive activities in the 1960s, in the USSR. In the 1960s, Alekseeva's apartment became a meeting place for dissidents, storage and reproduction of samizdat, and interviews with Western correspondents.
In early 1976, she accepted Yuri Orlov's offer to join the newly created human rights organization - the Moscow Helsinki Group (MHG). She became the editor and custodian of the MHG documents, and her apartment became a kind of office for the group. She signed the first 19 documents of the group, participated in the drafting of document No. 3 "On the conditions of detention of prisoners of conscience." MHG - was created by the CIA, with the support of the US State Department. It should be noted that the Moscow Helsinki Group always wins all the competitions that are held for the issuance of grants, and is on the first line in terms of the largest amounts received as a grant.
In February 1977, under the threat of arrest, Lyudmila Alekseeva was forced to emigrate from the USSR and settled in the United States. America gladly accepted its agent. She received American citizenship in 1982. A mandatory procedure before the issuance of such a document is the public taking of the oath, an oath, the essence of which is to faithfully and undividedly serve the United States of America.
Also, Lyudmila Alekseeva hosted human rights programs on radio stations "Liberty" and "Voice of America", which are engaged in subversive activities in Russia. In 2013, Alekseeva admitted that the Moscow Helsinki Group "works almost entirely on grants from American foundations."
11. Alexey Navalny.
12. Nikita Belykh.
13. Ilya Yashin.
14. Anatoly Chubais.
15. Leonid Gozman.
16
... Vladimir Ryzhkov.
17. Vladimir Nilov.
18. Alexey Venediktov.
19.Andrey Makarevich.
List of well-known personalities in Russia who supported Bandera's Maidan.
1) Alexey Navalny
2) Andrey Makarevich
3) the staff of the radio station "Echo of Moscow"
4) the team of the TV channel "Rain"
5) the team of the portal tape ru
6) Boris Nemtsov
7) Arnold Schwarzenegger. (His father was a Nazi during the Second World War).
8) Singer Ruslana.
9) Yuri Shevchuk (DDT)
10) Dzhigurda
11) collectives of the group "Okean Elzy"
12) the collective of the group "Lyapis Trubetskoy"
13) Sergey Zverev
14) Valeria Novodvorskaya
15) George Clooney
16) Ksenia Sobchak
17) Viktor Shenderovich
18) Liya Akhedzhakova
19) Boris Grebenshchikov
20) Garik (Bulldog) Kharlamov
21) Anna Sedokova (former member of the VIA GRA group)
22) Irina Khakamada
23) Marat Gelman
24) Jared Leto
25) Mila Jovovich
26) Martin Gore (Depeche Mode musician)
27) Zemfira
28) Vera Brezhneva
29) Vladimir Zelensky
30) Natasha Koroleva
31) collective of the group "Silver"
32) Mikhail Khodorkovsky
33) Bozena Rynska
34) the team of Radio Liberty
35) the collective of the magazine "Snob"
36) Boris Akunin
37) rapper Seryoga
38) Alexander Nevzorov
39) Nikas Safronov
40) Eldar Ryazanov
41) the team of the portal elephant ru
42) Garry Kasparov
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The origin of the expression is unclear. Wikipedia elevates Mussolini to its authors, who, even during the First World War, allegedly asserted the existence of a certain "fifth army" of Germany's adherents in the Entente countries.
Another creator of phraseology is the Spanish general Emilio Molu, who led Franco's army during the Spanish Civil War. It seems that it was he in 1936, when trying to capture Madrid, said that in addition to the "official" four military columns, he had a fifth - in the city itself, which also had the ability to support the offensive.
Examples of the use of the term "Fifth Column"
“Yekaterinburg, the capital of the Urals and the center of the fifth column in Russia, continues to delight us with news. So, in the stronghold of the white-tape opposition from science - the Ural federal university, immediately after the anti-Russian speeches of Professor Inozemtsev, supported by the rector of URFU Koksharov, an adherent of the liberal traitors of the Venedikts spoke
“On March 18 this year, the day of signing the documents on the annexation of Crimea to Russia, President Putin retorted to the statements and reactions of Western politicians:“ Some Western politicians are already frightening us not only with sanctions, but also with the prospect of exacerbating internal problems. I would like to know: what do they mean? The actions of a certain “fifth column”, various kinds of national traitors, or do they expect to be able to worsen the socio-economic situation in Russia and thereby provoke people's discontent ?! "
“Representatives of the so-called Russian“ opposition ”(or“ fifth column ”) are now conducting a targeted and systematic campaign to discredit foreign policy Russia, the leaders of the Donetsk and Lugansk people's republics, the values of the Russian world. For this purpose, a number of new statements are constantly being thrown into the information space, which cannot be ignored. "
“If initially the“ fifth column ”, controlled by the West, was limited mainly to peacekeeping statements, then recently it finally threw off its masks and actually opened a second, subversive front on the territory of the Russian Federation.
The participation of representatives of the "fifth column" in direct military actions against the Russian authorities is not necessary. It is enough that the “fifth column”: firstly, largely controls the Russian information space; secondly, using the influence of media personalities in its orbit, it influences public opinion "
Spanish Civil War
It lasted from July 1936 to April 1939. The Republicans, representing the "left" Popular Front, and the "conservatives" of General Franco were opposed to each other. The former were supported by all world democratic forces, including the USSR, the latter - by fascist Italy and Germany. The war, of course, was accompanied by all sorts of atrocities perpetrated by both sides. Francoists shoot about 75 thousand enemies, Republicans - about 50,000. 200,000 soldiers died in battles. 25,000 civilians from hunger. The war ended in victory for Franco's army.
Fifth column
There is one more circumstance that should be analyzed before approaching the investigation of Goebbels' falsifications. Over time and under the influence of propaganda, priorities in society change dramatically. Previously, young and even well-educated people did not know what the French word "blowjob" meant, but everyone knew what the words "fifth column" meant. Today, the opposite is true: more than once I had to deal with fairly educated people for whom the words "fifth column" are an empty phrase. Therefore, we will have to linger on considering this concept.
It dates back to the start of the Spanish Civil War in 1936. In the mid-30s in Spain, in the usual parliamentary way, the left parties defeated and began a series of social transformation, in particular the agrarian reform. The capitalist (self-name - "free") world did not like this extremely, and this world incited the Spanish army to mutiny. The rebellion began in Spanish Morocco, then the rebel troops landed in Spain proper and marched on Madrid in four columns. During this time, supporters of the rebels in the Spanish republican government and its troops revolted against the republic in support of the rebels. The commander of the rebellious army, General Franco, called these traitors to the republic his fifth column. Since then, this term has become firmly used to name traitors within a country or organization. As for Spain, the rebels won there in 1939 during a bloody war thanks to this "fifth column", which, by the way, included Trotskyists, of whom there were many in the USSR.
This does not mean that there was no such thing as betrayal and support of the enemy before the Spanish events. It has always been, just Franco gave this phenomenon a term accepted by the world. (True, sometimes the "fifth column" is called "Quislings" after the traitor of the Norwegian people, a Nazi supporter, Quisling, but the Spanish name is still more common.)
Previously, the "fifth column" in their country was hated by the inhabitants of the whole world and they were sure to wage a fierce struggle with it: if they could not neutralize it before the war, then with the beginning of the war they were sure to deal with it (if they had time).
For example, the British are considered the inventors of the death camps, who created them at the beginning of the last century during the Boer War in South Africa. The families of the Boers, the Dutch colonists of this state who fought with Britain, were imprisoned in these camps. Boer families were locked up in camps to deprive the Boer troops of intelligence and food. And this is not a whim, not some special malice of the British government: just think how many lives of British soldiers, and the lives of the Boers themselves, who were forced to surrender, were saved by this measure. This is the duty, this is the duty of every government that really cares about its people.
The French are even more decisive in this regard. When, at the beginning of the First World War, the Germans approached Paris, the French, without any trial, simply at the direction of the agents of the Parisian police, all thieves, swindlers and even hooligans were shot in the moats of the Vincennes fort. By the time of World War II, nothing had changed, with its beginning in France, all Germans, even anti-Nazis, and all those suspicious of ties with them were arrested and placed in camps.
It was the same in Great Britain. The "fifth column" of the Nazis was tracked down. Churchill writes: “It was known that at that time in England there were twenty thousand organized German Nazis. A violent wave of sabotage and murder as a prelude to war would only be consistent with their previous behavior in other friendly countries "... In fact, Churchill has in mind only the British supporters of Hitler, organized in the British Union of Fascists, millionaire Oswald Mosley. Membership in this party was secret, but the police knew that it had about 400 grassroots organizations with an average of 50 people.
After them, 74,000 immigrants from countries hostile to Great Britain went to the camps, and the British shut their mouths with an iron hand to their talkers and alarmists: “British citizens were also subjected to draconian punishments. On July 17, 1940, a man was sentenced to a month in prison for publicly declaring that Britain had no chance of winning this war. The man who advised two New Zealanders: "What's the point of dying in this carnage?" - Received three months in prison. The woman who called Hitler "a good ruler, better than our Mr. Churchill" was sentenced to five years in prison. English newspapers were warned to beware of rash remarks. The editors were made very clear that the government would not tolerate "irresponsible" criticism; moreover, it will itself decide which criticism is responsible and which is not " Len Dayton complains.
Nor were the Americans going to tolerate the "fifth column" in any way. Following the Japanese attack on the United States, the Los Angeles Times wrote in an editorial: “The viper remains a viper wherever it lays its egg. Likewise, an American born of Japanese parents grows up to be Japanese, not American. "(quoted from Workers World, Nov. 29, 2001, p. 5). Roughly, but conveys the fear of the Americans accurately. A month and a half after the start of the war between the United States and Japan, Roosevelt ordered and the American army detained and imprisoned all American citizens with Japanese blood, and 1/8 was enough to get into the camp. There were 112 thousand such people.
This is the behavior of all governments serving their people, and peoples with governments that do not press the "fifth column" pay dearly for it. In Norway, for example, at the time of the landing by the Germans, the "fifth column" paralyzed the work of the state apparatus and did not allow mobilization, Quisling spoke on the radio as the head of the new government, causing confusion in the country and the army. The Norwegian army gave Norway to the weak German landing force almost without a fight. What do we need Norway, have we not seen how the West destroyed and robbed the USSR? If Brezhnev had enough intelligence and will to repress all these Gorbachev, Yakovlev, Shevardnadze, Kravchuk and their accomplices, then the Soviet people today, even in material terms, would live at least four times richer than they live today.
This is not very difficult to estimate. According to the Russian Statistical Yearbook, in 1990, 148 million people lived in Soviet Russia, and the gross domestic product was US $ 1102 billion (the number is underestimated, but let's take it - the official one!). The per capita of the Soviet population of Soviet Russia was $ 7446. And in South Korea in the same 1990 - $ 5917. That is, the average citizen of the RSFSR was 26% richer than the average South Korean. And in 1993, the average per capita gross product of Russia, robbed by the "fifth column", was 1243 dollars - six times lower than in 1990, and already six times lower than in South Korea in 1993! According to the CIA (now inflated), in 1999 the gross domestic product of Russia was $ 4,200, and South Korea's - $ 13,300. changed not in favor of the USSR. That is, today the average Russian citizen would have a gross domestic product a quarter higher than that of South Korea, or within $ 16,000, which is four times more than today's 4,200. Don't like the "fifth column"?
And before World War II, the government of the USSR was truly popular and naturally could not allow the existence of a “fifth column” in the USSR with impunity. American ambassador to the USSR in 1937-1938 After the German attack on the USSR, Joseph W. Davis wrote in his diary (July 7, 1941): “… Today we know, thanks to the efforts of the FBI, that Hitler's organs were operating everywhere, even in the United States and South America. The German entry into Prague was accompanied by active support for Gehlen's military organizations. The same thing happened in Norway (Quisling), Slovakia (Tiso), Belgium (Degrell) ... However, we do not see anything like this in Russia. "Where are Hitler's Russian accomplices?" - I am often asked. “They were shot,” I answer. Only now are you beginning to realize how far-sighted the Soviet government acted during the years of the purges ".
Alas, Davis praises the Soviet government: yes, the “fifth column” was defeated, but they did not have time to completely destroy it by the beginning of the war. The most powerful damage to the defense capability was caused later by the forgiven future Marshal Meretskov, who grossly distorted the mobilization plan of the USSR, in connection with which the Red Army entered the war with a lack of vehicles, divisional artillery, etc. aviation control in battle. Traitor Commander Western front, General Pavlov with his headquarters exposed three divisions to the Germans in Brest, did not bring the troops of the front into combat readiness, which predetermined the heaviest losses Soviet troops in the direction of the main attack of the Germans in 1941. The losses of the Soviet people from the sabotage of these fighters of the "fifth column" should be calculated in millions of people.
Major General of the Wehrmacht and SS Brigadefuehrer B.V. Kaminsky with soldiers of the Russian People's Liberation Army.
You can also remember the minor defendants. Above, I already wrote about the engineer Kaminsky, who created an SS brigade for the Germans, which "distinguished itself" during the assault on Warsaw in 1944. But before the war, Kaminsky was identified as a member of the "fifth column" and was even imprisoned, but not for long - he was released before the war. Estimate how many thousands of killed Soviet soldiers and Poles cost the USSR and Poland this "humanity" of the Soviet court. How much more humane it would be for the Soviet people to destroy Kaminsky and his volunteers even before the war, and not when the Germans had already armed them.
In the USSR, members of the "fifth column" were searched for and neutralized, of course, continuously, starting with the Civil War. The capital punishment for crimes against the state in the USSR had two categories: the first - execution, the second - expulsion abroad. For a long time, up to the beginning of the 30s, they tried to send the "fifth column" abroad.
But then the outspoken enemy of the USSR Hitler came to power in Germany, and the expulsion of the "fifth column" abroad began to take the form of mobilization of foreign legions for Hitler. Members of the "fifth column" began to be imprisoned, and when in 1936-1937. the top of the "fifth column" tried to make a coup with the aim of the subsequent dismemberment of the USSR, then the top was destroyed and carried out what the American Ambassador Davis called "Cleaning" country. The Soviet government could not fail to understand that with so many "fifth column generals" convicted in open trials in Moscow, there must have been tens of thousands of officers and soldiers of the traitorous army in the country.
This army was liquidated like that. Neither the people's courts, nor the military tribunals, the reliability of which could not be verified due to their large numbers, were not entrusted with the repression of the "fifth column". Special courts were created from people in the honesty and decency of which, it would seem, one could believe. These courts consisted of three people and were called triplets. The troika was staffed by the highest leaders of the republic or region in which it was created. At first, the members of the troika, judging by some information, were appointed personally, but their composition necessarily included the secretary of the regional committee and the head of the NKVD, and then their composition was determined in the form of positions: the chairman was the head of the NKVD department of the region (people's commissar of the republic); members - the first secretary of the regional committee (Central Committee of the republic) VKP (b) and the prosecutor of the region (republic). The troikas were asked to consider the cases in the NKVD against persons suspicious of belonging to the "fifth column" and condemn them. At the same time, by order of the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs N. Yezhov, the troikas were limited in repression by the maximum number of members of the "fifth column", above which they had no right to condemn, and the approximate number of traitors whom the troikas had the right to condemn to execution.
However, the trouble was that the members of the "fifth column" were rarely workers or peasants, because all traitors are, as a rule, people who yearn for power, fame or money, which, again, is given by power. The members of the "fifth column" sowed down the party, judicial, prosecutorial and investigative bodies, that is, the situation was exactly the same as it is today in Russia. And the members of the triplets were to a large extent completed by the “fifth column”. As a result, a fairly large number of members of the “fifth column” managed to escape the repression, but instead of them, triplets were convicted of a large number of either innocent or those who should not have been repressed. When the USSR government realized this and when it finally put L. Beria at the head of the NKVD, the troikas were abolished, and criminal cases were initiated against many members of these triplets, which ended with the execution of these judges. By the way, the first secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU (b) N. Khrushchev was stuffed into the members of this troika, but for some reason he was not included, perhaps because of his employment. Since under Beria almost all the members of the Moscow troikas were shot, it is, of course, a pity that Khrushchev was not among them. Without Khrushchev, the history of the USSR would have been different, brighter. But back to the topic.
First, we would need to estimate the number of those who fell under the repressions, but this is not easy to do. The fact is that when, during the years of perestroika, the “fifth column” destroyed the USSR, it declared 40 and 60 million people shot during the “years of repression,” that is, in 1937-1938. Therefore, the Goebbels give out figures from the archives, scattered, in pieces, so that it would be impossible to present the general picture. So, for example, in 1997 even the “Memorial” society - the “fifth column” military unit - were given the figures of repression not throughout the USSR and not even throughout the RSFSR, but only in some regions and republics. But, having found the number of these regions in other sources, I made the appropriate calculations and found that it was planned to subject to reprisals on average less than two people out of a thousand of the population, of which less than 5 people out of ten thousand were to be shot. Recalculated for the entire USSR, these numbers look like about 340 thousand repressed, of which about 80 thousand were shot.
As I just wrote above, in the UK the "fifth column" of about 94 thousand people was repressed, and with the population of Great Britain at that time at 47 million, this also amounts to 2 people per 1000 inhabitants. In the United States, with a population of 140 million, this number is less than 1, but it must be understood that neither the United States nor Great Britain experienced the shocks associated with the Civil War and the socialization of the land on the eve, and there, of course, there were fewer potentially vicious opponents.
There are two more points to consider. Order of the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs Yezhov No. 00447 of July 30, 1937, setting the number of members of the "fifth column" subject to repression, demanded: "3. The approved figures are indicative only. However, the people's commissars of the republican NKVD and the heads of the regional and regional departments of the NKVD do not have the right to exceed them on their own. Any independent increase in numbers is not allowed.
In cases where the situation will require an increase in the approved figures, the people's commissars of the republican NKVD and the heads of the regional and regional departments of the NKVD are obliged to submit to me the corresponding motivated petitions ".
And such petitions were submitted and granted. In addition, at the same time, the country was being cleared of German, Polish and Japanese reconnaissance and sabotage networks: Germans, Poles and Harbinians suspected of membership in the "fifth column" were arrested. Therefore, the actual number of repressed should be more than expected in Yezhov's original order.
But what exactly were the final figures, the current "fifth column" is still hiding. I already had to make an estimate according to the data (possibly exaggerated) reported by the former burgomaster of Smolensk under the Germans Menshagin. Extrapolating the data from the Smolensk region to the entire USSR, we get the total number of repressed in the country at 960 thousand people. Of which about 240 thousand were shot (if the proportion specified in Yezhov's order was preserved). This figure is also confirmed by extrapolation for Moscow and the Moscow region, in which the number of the repressed "fifth column" was set in an order of 35,000 people, which is more than 10% of all repressed according to The Soviet Union... In total, from 1935 to 1953 in Moscow and the Moscow region, 27,508 people were shot (and some from other places in the USSR), in 1937-1938. - 20 675 people. If we extrapolate this number to the entire USSR, it turns out that from 1935 to 1953 about 270 thousand people were shot in the USSR, and in 1937-1938. about 210 thousand.
It should be added that in the USA and England, citizens of the enemy's nationality were also among the repressed members of the “fifth column”. In the USSR, they were not imprisoned either in camps or in prisons - they were simply moved to the East. You have already seen that this is exactly what they did to the families of Polish officers when Poland declared war on the USSR - they were not, like Boer families, put in camps, but, having spent a fair amount of money, they were resettled. The result was a result that was quite offensive for Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians and many other peoples of the USSR. It was these peoples who bore on their shoulders the whole brunt of the war with the Germans, they died on the fronts and under occupation over 26 million, they had it in 1941-1945. a terrible demographic failure, which continued forty years later. And at this time, Soviet Germans multiplied in Altai and Kazakhstan. And if in 1939 there were 1.2 million of them in the USSR, then already in 1959 it became a third more - 1.6 million.
And, finally, the result of the purges is interesting. Since it is difficult to express it in numbers for traitors and traitors in the "fifth column", let's make a comparison for criminals. On July 10, 1937, Khrushchev reported to the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks that 33,436 criminals were counted in Moscow and the Moscow region, especially dangerous of whom were also repressed along with the “fifth column”. Khrushchev asked to repress from total mass criminals 11,772 people, of whom he asked to shoot 6,000. I do not know what the Central Committee decided, since in the subsequent order of Yezhov dated July 25, Khrushchev was allowed to repress only 35,000 people, of whom not more than 5,000 were to be shot. fight against criminal offenses.
In 1998, in Russia with about 140 million population, 64,545 people died as a result of crimes, 81,565 were injured.
Three years later, Colonel-General L. Ivashov reported: “... in 2001, 83 thousand people died as a result of murders, tens of thousands died later in hospitals after attempts on their lives, about 70 thousand disappeared without a trace”.
And in 1940 (after the "purge" of 1937-1938) with a population of 190 million people in the USSR there were only 6,549 murders. If today we repeat the repressions of 1937 and achieve the indicators of 1940, then only in terms of criminality, the population decline is more than compensated for in 5 years by saving the lives of decent people. But the plundering and destruction of Russia will still be stopped, and this is also a lot.
What else is important for you, readers in the place of judges, to note and remember. If in the United States and Great Britain the repressions were carried out indiscriminately - since the grandfather is Japanese, it means that he was in the camp until the end of the war - then in the USSR not a single person got into the camp or to the wall without a thorough assessment of his personal danger to society. No one was imprisoned or shot just because he is a Pole, that he is an officer and that he is German. From Khrushchev's appeal to the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), you saw that not all criminals were planned to repress, but only those about whom the NKVD had information that they had not repented. At least, both the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) and the People's Commissar of the NKVD N. Yezhov in their orders demanded a careful consideration of the degree of danger of each suspect in belonging to the "fifth column". By order of Yezhov No. 00447 of July 30, 1937, former kulaks and socially dangerous elements, who were members of insurgent, fascist, terrorist and bandit formations, who had served their sentences, escaped from repression or fled from places of detention and resumed their criminal activities, were subject to repression. Members of anti-Soviet parties (Socialist-Revolutionaries, Gruzmeks, Musavatists, Ittihadists and Dashnaks), former whites, gendarmes, officials, punishers, bandits, bandits, ferrymen, re-emigrants who fled from repression, escaped from prison and continue to conduct active anti-Soviet activities. The most hostile and active members of the Cossack-White Guard insurgent organizations, fascist, terrorist and espionage-sabotage counter-revolutionary formations, exposed by investigative and verified intelligence materials. The most active anti-Soviet elements from the former kulaks, punishers, bandits, whites, sectarian activists, clergymen and others, who were then held in prisons, camps, labor settlements and colonies and continued to conduct active anti-Soviet subversive work there. Criminals (bandits, robbers, recidivist thieves, professional smugglers, repeat offenders, cattle stealers) who conduct criminal activities and are associated with the criminal environment.
The fourth section of the order read: "one. An investigation file is opened for each arrested person or a group of arrested persons. In the course of the investigation, all the criminal connections of the arrested person must be revealed.
2. At the end of the investigation, the case is sent to the troika for consideration.
Attached to the case are: an arrest warrant, a search protocol, materials seized during a search, personal documents, an arrested person's questionnaire, agent-registration material, an interrogation protocol and a short indictment ".
The rest of the orders, in their meaning, repeated order No. 00447, nevertheless, they also required to conduct thorough investigative work and carefully consider cases in troikas, either at a special meeting under the NKVD, or on commissions consisting of the head of the regional or republican NKVD and the prosecutor of the region or republic ...
For example, following Yezhov's order No. 00485 of August 11, 1937 on the liquidation of the Polish espionage and sabotage network, the NKVD officers arrested the future Marshal of the USSR, and then the division commander, K.K. Rokossovsky, a Pole by nationality. This order prescribed: "Simultaneously with the deployment of the arrest operation, begin investigative work ... To conduct the investigation, select a special group of workers."... The investigators of this special group have been conducting an investigation for more than two years, trying to confirm the earlier slips, but they did not find any evidence of Rokossovsky's involvement in the "fifth column", and he was released without trial, reinstated in rank and position with compensation for the time he was in prison of all kinds monetary and clothing allowance due to him.
This should be noted: Moscow during repressions always demanded a careful consideration of individual guilt and never gave sweeping orders. On the ground, both investigators and judges, in order to distinguish themselves or with hostile intentions, could approach the case formally or deliberately repress the innocent. There were enough such investigators and judges, and they were then shot together with their chief, People's Commissar of the NKVD N. Yezhov, but the USSR government forbade a formal approach to the fate of people, so no such documents could come from him. I ask you to point this out because in the future, when considering the forgeries concocted by the Goebbels brigade, it will help us.
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