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The most criminal areas of the world. Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan

The “City of the Sun” (as the name of the district is translated) is located on the outskirts of the capital of Haiti, the city of Port-au-Prince. Most of the buildings are slums and huts, in Cité Soleil poverty reigns and crime flourishes. The streets are littered with garbage, there is no sewerage here, so the area has long been a hotbed of dangerous diseases and viruses. And the average life expectancy in Cité Soleil does not exceed 50 years. The police try not to appear in this area of ​​the city, so drug dealers and kidnappers run everything there.

According to representatives of the Red Cross, the slums of the "City of the Sun" are the quintessence of all Haitian problems: rampant unemployment, low level of education, lack of public organizations and services, poor sanitation, rampant crime and armed violence - all this can be found in almost every corner of the archipelago , however, it is in one of the districts of the capital that it manifests itself most clearly.

In an attempt to restore order in the slums, the UN in 2004 decided to introduce a limited military contingent into the Cité Soleil territory, the peacekeepers managed to largely defuse the situation, but some problems remained. For some time, the UN maintained control over the area, but after the devastating earthquake of 2010, riots flared up with renewed vigor. Three thousand suicide bombers managed to escape from a prison located near Cité Soleil, and at present, armed gangs continue to instill fear in the civilian population.

2 Favelas of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Rio, which is located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, is incredibly beautiful. Thousands of tourists come here to admire the statue of Christ the Redeemer, take part in colorful carnivals and sunbathe on the beaches of Copacabana. However, the city has another face, almost unfamiliar to tourists: on the outskirts of Rio de Janeiro, there are vast favelas - disadvantaged areas, consisting mainly of squalid shacks and huts.

The infamous Rocinha favela has long been a staging post for drug dealers who bring cocaine to Europe, and the close cooperation between corrupt government and the underworld has led to gang leaders here feeling at ease, living in abundance and even luxury.

Until recently, one of the most notorious and famous drug lords in Rio was Erismar Rodriguez Moreira, nicknamed Bem-Te-Vi. His accomplices committed many brutal murders, and Moreira's group was also known for the fact that its members had a passion for gold-plated firearms. In 2005, the intelligence services carried out a carefully designed operation to detain members of the gang, but as a result of the ensuing shootout, Moreira was killed.

In anticipation of summer Olympic Games 2016, which will be held in Rio de Janeiro, the city authorities are doing their best to improve the situation in the favelas, and some positive changes have already taken place.

3 Ciudad Juarez, Mexico

The Mexican state of Chihuahua, bordering the United States, is known as a drug trafficking staging area. Ciudad Juarez, located in the northern part of the state, has suffered in recent decades from outbreaks of violence associated with the struggle of drug cartels with each other and with law enforcement agencies. In 2009, Ciudad Juarez came out on top in the world in terms of the number of murders per capita - the level reached 130 violent deaths per 100,000 people. And this is only official statistics - in fact, there are a few more killed, many people are listed as missing.

In 2010, a local resident named Jesus Chavez Castillo was detained in Ciudad Juarez, who is accused of killing at least 800 people. He was in the Barrio Azteca gang. The Mexican admitted that her leader set him a certain quota for murders every day. The crimes were committed to intimidate the police and the public.

In the same 2010, the number of murders in the city amounted to 3.1 thousand per year, but then the authorities managed to correct the situation, the number of such crimes began to seriously decrease. Despite this, the crime rate remains very high.

4 Kibera District, Nairobi, Kenya

Nairobi was founded by the British as the headquarters of the railway, and soon the city became one of the centers of the African continent and remains so to this day. Despite the large number of Europeans and tourists in Nairobi, in some areas it is better for whites, like local residents, not to appear. One such criminal ghetto is Kibera.

The administration of Nairobi prefers not to interfere in the life of the inhabitants of the area, as a result of which Kibera has become a haven for murderers and other criminals. For example, electricity is not available to everyone there, because attackers use most of it for their own purposes. There is no water supply and sewerage system, most of the water is contaminated with typhoid and cholera bacteria, and the toilets are pits that serve as latrines for hundreds of residents.

About half of the able-bodied inhabitants of Kibera are unemployed, many women try to earn a living by prostitution, they are not stopped even by the growing number of sexual crimes from year to year.

5 Tepito District, Mexico City, Mexico

One of the most dangerous areas in Mexico City, which even locals from neighboring quarters do not dare to visit, is called Tepito. The main street of the colony also has the same name. This place is known for constant drug problems, underage prostitution and extremely high crime rates. Here they sell and buy stolen goods, drug dealers make deals, and pimps daily renew the ranks of their “priestesses of love”. The streets of Tepito have long served as an arena for sorting out relations with local gangs. Fights, shootings, robberies and murders have long been calling card this area. In Tepito, people periodically disappear, especially whites.

The name Tepito comes from the Nahuatl word Tepiton, which means "small temple" or "chapel". This is partly justified, because a statue of the Holy Death is installed there, and those who dare come to pay their prayers to her. Interestingly, Tepito is located almost in the very center of Mexico City, just a few blocks from the main central square. However, it is difficult for tourists to get there by chance, since all the courtyards are blocked and you can only get to them through the main street.

The Tepito area was repeatedly wanted to be moved to another place or simply wiped off the face of Mexico City. But in addition to people who consider this quarter a black spot of the capital, there are those who support its existence. For decades, the authorities have tried and are still trying to clear the area of ​​illegal markets, homeless people, and prostitutes. But the inhabitants of Tepito successfully resist. Most of them do not want to leave simply because they were born in this colony. In addition, housing rent in Tepito is the lowest in Mexico City.

The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays give the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is detrimental to all living things. To find a compromise between the beneficial and harmful properties of the Sun, meteorologists calculate the ultraviolet radiation index, which characterizes the degree of its danger.

What UV radiation from the sun is

The ultraviolet radiation of the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three regions, two of which reach the Earth.

  • UV-A. Longwave radiation range
    315–400 nm

    The rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric "barriers" and reach the Earth.

  • UVB. Medium wave radiation range
    280–315 nm

    The rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.

  • UVC. Shortwave radiation range
    100–280 nm

    The most dangerous area. They are completely absorbed by stratospheric ozone without reaching the Earth.

The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less the harmful effect of the sun. However, these saving factors have a high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in spring, and the minimum - in autumn. Cloud cover is one of the most variable weather characteristics. Content carbon dioxide also changes all the time.

At what values ​​of the UV index is there a danger

The UV index gives an estimate of the amount of UV radiation from the Sun on the Earth's surface. UV index values ​​range from safe 0 to extreme 11+.

  • 0–2 Low
  • 3–5 Moderate
  • 6–7 High
  • 8–10 Very high
  • 11+ Extreme

In mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values ​​(6–7) only at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, during the year, the UV index reaches 9...11+ points.

What is the benefit of the sun

In small doses, UV radiation from the Sun is essential. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, vitamin D, necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.

Melanin creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.

Happiness hormone serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.

Vitamin D strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-rickets functions.

Why is the sun dangerous?

When sunbathing, it is important to understand that the line between beneficial and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive sunburn always borders on a burn. UV radiation damages DNA in skin cells.

The body's defense system cannot cope with such an aggressive impact. This lowers the immune system, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.

Ultraviolet destroys the DNA chain

How does the sun affect people?

Susceptibility to UV radiation depends on skin type. The most sensitive to the Sun are people of the European race - for them, protection is required already at an index of 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.

At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans, this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.

Who is affected the most by the Sun?

    people with light
    skin tone

    People with many moles

    Residents of the middle latitudes while relaxing in the south

    winter lovers
    fishing

    Skiers and climbers

    People with a family history of skin cancer

In what weather is the sun most dangerous

The fact that the Sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather is a common misconception. You can also get burned in cool cloudy weather.

Cloudiness, no matter how dense it may be, does not at all reduce the amount of ultraviolet to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloud cover significantly reduces the risk of sunburn, which cannot be said about traditional beach holiday destinations. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get burned in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.

How to protect yourself from the sun

To protect yourself from harmful rays, follow these simple rules:

    Get less exposure to the Sun during the midday hours

    Wear light-colored clothing, including wide-brimmed hats

    Use protective creams

    Wear sunglasses

    Stay in the shade more on the beach

Which sunscreen to choose

Sunscreen varies in terms of sun protection and is labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.

For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7%) of the UV rays will penetrate the protective film. In the case of cream 50, only 1/50, or 2%, affects the skin.

Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream is capable of reflecting 100% of ultraviolet radiation.

For everyday use, when the time spent under the Sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For tanning on the beach, it is better to take 30 and above. However, for fair-skinned people, it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.

How to apply sunscreen

The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe for a long time, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before going out and, additionally, before going to the beach.

Please refer to the cream instructions for how much to apply.

How to apply sunscreen while swimming

Sunscreen should be applied every time after bathing. Water washes away the protective film and, reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation received. Thus, when bathing, the risk of burning increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel the burn.

Excessive sweating and rubbing with a towel is also a reason to re-protect the skin.

It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shade does not provide full protection. Sand, water, and even grass reflect up to 20% of UV rays, increasing their impact on the skin.

How to protect your eyes

Sunlight reflecting off water, snow, or sand can cause painful retinal burns. Use sunglasses with an ultraviolet filter to protect your eyes.

Danger for skiers and climbers

In the mountains, the atmospheric "filter" is thinner. For every 100 meters of altitude, the UV index increases by 5%.

Snow reflects up to 85% of UV rays. In addition, up to 80% of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is again reflected by the clouds.

Thus, in the mountains, the Sun is most dangerous. Protecting the face, lower part of the chin and ears is necessary even in cloudy weather.

How to deal with sunburn if you are burned

    Treat the body with a damp sponge to wet the burn

    Lubricate the burnt areas with anti-burn cream

    If the temperature rises, consult a doctor, you may be advised to take an antipyretic

    If the burn is severe (skin is very swollen and blisters), seek medical attention.

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There are many places on our planet that each of us would like to visit and would gladly make our own cozy nest. But there are places that you should avoid, or even not worth poking around at all, because there you are in real danger to your life.

The "City of the Sun" (this is how the name of the district is translated) is located on the outskirts of the capital of Haiti, the city of Port-au-Prince. Most of the buildings are slums and huts, in Cité Soleil poverty reigns and crime flourishes. The streets are drowning in mountains of sewage and garbage, there is no sewerage here, so the area has long become a hotbed of dangerous diseases and viruses - the average life expectancy here does not exceed 50 years.

Favelas of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Rio, which is located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, is incredibly beautiful. Thousands of tourists come here to admire the statue of Christ the Redeemer, take part in colorful carnivals and sunbathe on the beaches of Copacabana. However, the city has another face, almost unfamiliar to idle tourists who love the Brazilian sun and cool mojitos: on the outskirts of Rio de Janeiro, there are vast favelas - disadvantaged areas, consisting mainly of squalid shacks and huts.

The infamous Rocinha favela has long been a staging post for drug dealers who bring cocaine to Europe, and the close cooperation between corrupt government and the underworld has led to gang leaders here feeling at ease, living in abundance and even luxury. Until recently, one of the most notorious and famous drug lords in Rio was Erismar Rodriguez Moreira, nicknamed Bem-Te-Vi (Bem-Te-Vi is an insectivorous bird found in Brazil). His accomplices committed many brutal murders, and Moreira's group was also known for the fact that its members had a passion for gold-plated firearms. In 2005, the intelligence services carried out a carefully designed operation to detain members of the gang, but as a result of the ensuing shootout, Moreira was killed.

In the run-up to the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, the city's authorities are working hard to improve the environment in the favelas, and some positive changes have already taken place.

Detroit, Michigan, USA

Detroit, once former center automotive industry in the United States is going through hard times. It once bore the proud nickname of the "City of Motors", but now the streets and factories have fallen into disrepair: due to the reduction in production since 2000, about 25% of the population has left Detroit, many are selling their homes for pennies and leaving in search of a better life. . Stray dogs breed in abandoned dwellings - this is one of the main problems of Detroit. Tens of thousands of dogs, most of which are pit bulls, roam the streets, threatening all living things. On July 19, 2013, the Detroit administration announced bankruptcy of the city and $ 19 billion in debt obligations. The crisis affected many residents of the "City of Motors" - the unemployment rate is now 16.3%, many people are forced to sell their property in order to pay their utility bills. According to the FBI and the US Department of Justice, three areas of Detroit are on the list of the most criminal areas in the country.

Ciudad Juarez, Mexico

The city, located in the northern part of the Mexican state of Chihuahua, has become a battleground between drug cartels and various criminal gangs in recent decades. In 2009, Ciudad Juarez came out on top in the number of murders per capita - the level reached 130 violent deaths per 100,000 people. And this is only official statistics - in fact, the number of those killed is somewhat higher, since a significant part of them are buried in common graves, and people are listed as missing. Life in the city is especially dangerous for women: rape is quite common here, and in the last 20 years alone, hundreds of women have died in such incidents.

Medellin, Colombia

In the 1980s, during the time of the cartels of Pablo Escobar and his units, Medellin was the most violent city in the world - human life here it was a simple bargaining chip in the transactions of local "businessmen". In 1993, Escobar was killed with police resistance, and the crime rate decreased slightly: if in 1991 there were about 6,500 murders, then in 2009, 2,899 people became victims of bandits.

In addition to banal murders and robberies, other common "vacancies" at the local "labor exchange" are blackmail and kidnappings, which, however, do not differ too much from the first and second methods. As a rule, the scheme is quite simple: a group of armed people simply surrounds the tourist and offers to go to the ATM to withdraw the ransom from the credit card, otherwise threatening to take the victim away in an unknown direction.

Recently, due to the enmity between the two criminal gangs, the situation in the city has deteriorated significantly.

Brownsville area, Brooklyn, USA

Brooklyn, like the rest of New York City, has its underprivileged neighborhoods, but Brownsville stands out from the rest. Most of it consists of apartment buildings where people with low incomes live. Due to the tense social environment in Brownsville, the crime rate is much higher than the average for the city.

Most of the crime in the area is related to the drug trade. Sure, Brownville is a lot quieter now than it was in the 1980s and 1990s, but many trucking companies still only send their vehicles here with armed guards. Poverty and lack of work have led to the fact that some young people are forced to literally punch their way to success with their fists, it is no coincidence that many famous boxers grew up in Brownsville, including Mike Tyson.

La Perla District, San Juan, Puerto Rico

The outskirts of the city of San Juan, now known as La Perla, were once inhabited mostly by butchers, with slaughterhouses and butcher shops on every corner. Now the slums have been chosen by the South American mafia, which uses them as a transshipment base when sending contraband and drugs to the United States. Despite the extreme poverty of the locals, La Perla is quite beautiful with its beaches, colorful houses and wonderful nature. IN last years Puerto Rico's drug cartels have become an object of close attention of law enforcement and intelligence agencies - every year there are hundreds of arrests of people involved in the drug business.

Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan

After the collapse Soviet Union many fraternal republics had a hard time: production and the economy as a whole fell into decay, and in addition, many social contradictions aggravated. In some regions, tensions have reached a peak high level, as, for example, in the Fergana Valley, which is located immediately in three former socialist republics - Tajik, Uzbek and Kyrgyz.

The depression between the two mountain ranges became a real cauldron in which several nationalities “boiled”, and each of them, after the collapse of the USSR, actively defended their rights, including not in the most legal ways. The radical Islamic beliefs of some groups of the population and the sharp decline in living standards only added fuel to the fire: thousands of refugees fled from Fergana, unable to find their place in the changed political and social circumstances.

Even 20 years later, the Fergana Valley remains a battlefield between ethnic groups and the authorities. For example, on May 13, 2005, in clashes between law enforcement agencies and protesters against litigation according to official figures, 187 people died over members of criminal gangs. However, other sources report more than a thousand killed - presumably, many bodies were buried secretly to hide the true extent of the tragedy.

Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya

Nairobi was founded by the British as the headquarters of the railway, and soon the city became one of the centers of the African continent and remains so to this day. Despite the large number of Europeans and tourists in Nairobi, in some areas it is better for whites, like local residents, not to appear, one of these criminal ghettos is Kibera.

The administration of Nairobi prefers not to interfere in the life of the inhabitants of the area, as a result of which Kibera has become a haven for various thugs and scammers, for example, electricity is not available to everyone, because attackers use most of it for their own purposes. There is no water supply and sewerage system, most of the water is contaminated with typhoid and cholera bacteria, and the toilets are pits that serve as latrines for hundreds of residents.

About half of the able-bodied inhabitants of Kibera are unemployed, many women try to earn a living by prostitution, they are not stopped even by the growing number of sexual crimes from year to year.

Kowloon Walled City, Hong Kong, China

Kowloon served the Chinese as a military fort for many years, and at the end of the 19th century, when the British rented Hong Kong, the settlement became largely autonomous, the residents were actually granted the right to self-government. During the period of the Japanese occupation of China, the population of the walled city increased significantly, and as of 1987, it was approximately 33,000 people, despite the fact that they all lived on an area of ​​about 0.026 km².

For many years, Kowloon was the real headquarters of the Triad, the most powerful Chinese crime syndicate, but the authorities turned a blind eye to this, because not only Chinese mafiosi, but also corrupt officials received considerable benefits from the existence of brothels, casinos and opium dens.

In the early 1990s, China finally decided to tackle this problem in earnest: the inhabitants of Kowloon were relocated to more prosperous areas, the slums were razed to the ground, preserving only a few historical buildings, and in 1995, a park of the same name was opened on the site of Kowloon.