Poems for children

When women took part in the Olympic Games. The Strong Gender: A History of Women's Sports. The skeleton is a type

Big sport №9(35)

Nikolay Orlov

In Ancient Hellas, women, under pain of death, were forbidden not only to participate, but even to attend the Olympic Games. The ancient Greek writer Pausanias mentions a huge rock near Olympia, from which they allegedly threw those who dared to violate this ban. However, not a single victim was recorded in history, and the only woman who made her way to the Olympics, the legendary Kallipatera (or, according to other sources, Ferenika), was pardoned. The Hellenes did not dare to execute the mother of the champion, who herself prepared her son for the competition and, risking her life, came to watch his triumph.

Women were also not allowed to participate in the first modern Olympics, but already in 1900 in Paris they went to the start. Since then, their representation at the Games has only increased, and in some disciplines they have achieved much more success than their male counterparts.

Sail or tennis?

According to the International Olympic Committee, 22 women took part in the II Summer Olympic Games in Paris. They competed in five disciplines: croquet, tennis, golf, equestrian and sailing. However, the information from the archives is so contradictory that the IOC members themselves cannot come to a consensus about who exactly should be considered the first woman to participate in the Olympic program. The Journal des Sports mentions two French croquet players who entered the competition along with the men, but were eliminated in the first round. True, in other sources there is no information about these ladies.

Sailing competitions started before the croquet tournament, and, according to some sources, the Swiss Helen de Pourtales took part in them. However, in the sources that the IOC considers reliable, her name does not appear. But her husband Hermann is mentioned, whose crew won the 1-2 ton class on the Lerina yacht. Whether Helen herself participated in the races, as well as her husband, is still unclear. In those days, the practice was common when wealthy shipowners entered the competition, but did not personally go to the start - a hired team was chasing them. Elvira Guerra took part in equestrian events, but she performed in a class that the IOC subsequently did not recognize as Olympic.

But the legitimacy of the presence of women in tennis and golf tournaments is beyond doubt: even then they competed in these disciplines separately from men.
But not only. At the Games of 1900, 1912, 1920 and 1924, mixed doubles competitions were also included in the tennis program. Britons Charlotte Cooper and Reginald Dougherty won the II Summer Olympics. It was Cooper, who at that time was 30 years old, is officially considered the first woman to win the Olympic Games - she won in singles before American golfer Margaret Abbott. Today, mixed doubles do not compete for Olympic medals, but men and women compete for the same number of awards - two each: in singles and doubles.

Women and the sea

No matter how the achievement of Helen de Pourtales is disputed, the fact remains: it was sailing that became the first Olympic discipline in which the gender of the athletes ceased to matter - until 1952, all types here were “open”, that is, they were allowed to start equally both men and women. True, "allowed" and "acted" - in this case, far from synonymous concepts. There were many times fewer ladies in the crews than gentlemen, and the first (or second after de Pourtales) Olympic sailing champion appeared only in 1920 - she was the British Dorothy Wright, who was part of the crew of a 7-meter yacht.

"Open" types exist in the Olympic program today - at the Games in Beijing, Finn, 49er and Tornado became such. However, at the 2008 Olympics, the participation of women in them became a pure formality - in China, all the crews consisted exclusively of men.

For the first time, representatives of the weaker sex received the right to compete among themselves in yachting in 1988 - in Seoul, in the 470 class, two sets of medals were played. The third step of the podium was then taken by Larisa Moskalenko and Irina Shunikhovskaya. Their bronze medal is to this day the only “female” award in the history of both Soviet and Russian sailing. Ukrainians, by the way, turned out to be much more successful, but that's a completely different story.

The principle of gender equality in dressage applies not only to athletes, but also to animals. Men and women, mares, stallions and geldings start here all together. At the same time, experts explain the total dominance of women by purely psychological factors: the representatives of the weaker sex are much more patient and hardworking than their male counterparts, which is crucial in communicating with a horse.

By horses

Until 1952, only men serving in the cavalry were allowed to compete in equestrian sports. And only for the Olympics in Helsinki, restrictions on gender and professional grounds were lifted. Today, equestrian sport is the only discipline in which all competitions have the status of "open". The number of athletes of different sexes in a team is also not regulated. Moreover, it is women who set the tone here and hold the lead. The position of ladies in dressage is especially strong - since 1988, only they have become winners in the individual competition, and since 2000 they have not allowed men to enter the top three at all.

In Beijing, women won medals in all events without exception, and there were many more medalists than medalists. The most eminent of the active athletes is Anke van Grunsven (Netherlands), who won the last three Olympics in the individual competition and won awards at five Games in a row.

aim

Like sailing, shooting was originally considered an “open” sport, but here, too, the proportion of women among the participants was small, and among the winners of the Games, it was completely negligible. Until 1984, when separate tournaments began to be held in some events, the ladies won only two awards. In 1976, Margaret Murdoch won the silver medal in 50m three-position small-bore rifle shooting. Despite the fact that the American was the first woman to win the Games in shooting, it is difficult to call her result sensational: Margaret had more than ten years of successful competition with men and became the winner and medalist of the world championships in team competitions.

In 1992, the Chinese woman Zhang Shan sensationally became the Olympic champion in clay shooting in the Skit exercise in the mixed category. But she did not have the opportunity to defend the title - in Atlanta-96
Only men were allowed to participate in this type of program. Women's "Skeet" appeared in the program of the 2000 Games, but Zhang Shan, although she took part in two Olympics, did not win more medals. However, the 41-year-old athlete has not yet completed her career and may perform in London.

At the Olympics in Beijing, 15 sets of medals were played in shooting, of which 9 “male” and 6 “female”, “open” types are no longer in the program.

Upside down

In 1984, disciplines appeared in the program of the Olympic Games, in which only women received the right to compete - rhythmic gymnastics and synchronized swimming.

Until 1996, only one set of awards was played in rhythmic gymnastics - in the individual all-around, the second one appeared at the Games in Atlanta - in group exercises. Two-time Olympic champions Natalya Lavrova and Elena Posevina from Russia achieved the greatest success at the Olympics in group exercises, and their compatriot Alina Kabaeva and Ukrainian Alexandra Timoshenko, who played for the USSR national team, achieved the greatest success in individual exercises: each of them has one gold and one bronze medal. The question of when men will be able to boast of similar achievements remains unanswered. Despite the fact that representatives of more than a dozen countries participate in the world championship and the geography of this sport is constantly expanding, the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) refuses to allow men here. And without this, one can only dream of Olympic status.

Hammer and shot in athletics weigh the same - 7.257 kilograms for men and 4 kilograms for women, but representatives of different sexes show similar results only in the second of these disciplines. The men's world record in the shot put is 23.12 meters, and the women's is 22.66 meters. In the hammer throw, the indicators of the stronger sex are much higher: 86.74 versus 77.80 meters

Men's fight for equality

In the second purely female Olympic discipline - synchronized swimming, two sets of medals were initially played: in singles and pairs. At the Games in Atlanta, both types were excluded from the program, replacing them with group exercises, but in 2000 in Sydney, duet competitions regained Olympic status.

Today, the most titled synchronized swimmers on the planet are Russians Olga Brusnikina, Maria Kiseleva, Anastasia Davydova and Anastasia Ermakova - each with four gold medals. Despite the fact that the International Swimming Federation (FINA) prohibits men from participating in the Olympic Games and World Championships, in some countries (in particular, in the USA and Canada), this practice is still allowed and athletes of different sexes compete on an equal footing. Moreover, the American Bill May in 1998 became the silver medalist of the Goodwill Games in tandem with Christina Lum and was twice recognized as the best synchronized swimmer in the country at the end of the year. The representative of Germany, Nicholas Shtopel, also speaks at a very high level - only the FINA ban does not allow the native of Bochum to take part in the world championship or the Olympics. However, Shtopel does not lose heart and, if necessary, is ready to defend his right to compete with women, even in court.

Three-time Olympic champion Natasha Janich is a living symbol of the blurring of boundaries in the world of sports. In the Olympic Sydney, the kayaker represented Serbia and Montenegro, and in Athens and Beijing, already Greece, while her brothers Miko and Stepan defended the colors of Croatia

Legalized equality

But the representatives of the weaker sex have already achieved equality. In 2012, women's boxing will debut in London, after which there will be no purely “male” sport in the program of the Summer Olympics. In the program of the Winter Games, those remain - women are not allowed to participate in ski jumping and Nordic Combined. So the total score is still equal - for two summer "female" species there are two winter "male" ones. And in the coming years, the status quo will continue - back in 1991, the IOC adopted a provision according to which only disciplines in which women can compete can qualify for inclusion in the Olympic program. It is for this reason that baseball and its closest relative, softball, entered and left the Games simultaneously. And the fact that women were once in the numerical minority at the Olympics may well become history - the percentage of women among the participants in the Games is steadily growing, approaching fifty today.

Following the tradition of Olympic sports Ancient Greece, P. de Coubertin strongly objected to the participation of women in the Olympic competitions. “The Olympic Games,” he wrote, “a triumph of masculine strength, athletic harmony, a beginning based on the principles of internationalism, loyalty, perceived by the audience as an art and rewarded with approving applause from women.” IN Games of the 1st Olympiad (1896) women did not participate.

Coubertin's opinion was at odds with that of a number of IOC members who were in favor of women's participation in the Olympics. As a result, a joint decision was made: women can compete in certain types of the Olympic program, corresponding to the social status of the fairer sex and their physiological characteristics.

Despite artificially created obstacles, women managed to take part in II Olympic Games, which took place in 1900 in Paris. Athletes competed in two sports - tennis and golf. The first Olympic champion was an English tennis player S. Cooper. However, in these Games, as well as in the next two ( 1904 And 1908), the participation of women was purely symbolic: their number was from 7 to 11, which amounted to 0.8 - 1.3% of the total number of participants in the Games.

On Olympic Games 1912 And 1920s. the number of women participating in the competitions increased significantly (up to 57 and 64, respectively), but of the total number of participants in the Games, this amounted to only 2.2% and 2.5%, respectively.

22nd session of the IOC, held in Paris in 1924, gave a new impetus to the Olympic movement: from now on, women were officially allowed to participate in most types of the Olympic Games program.

As a result International sports federations began to pay more attention to women who want to seriously engage in sports. But for the period from 1924 to 1936, although the number of types of competitions in the program of the Games was constantly increasing - from 10 in 1924 to 15 in 1936, the women's Olympic program during this time has not undergone significant changes. Women were only eligible to compete in four sports - swimming, fencing, athletics and gymnastics (tennis and archery were excluded). Therefore, it is quite natural that women made up a very small part of the participants - 4.4 - 12.1%.

A similar situation can be traced in winter sports. Number of women out of the total number of participants Winter Olympic Games 1924-1936 fluctuated within 4.4 - 10.5%. On I , II and III Winter Olympic Games out of 13 - 14 types of competitions, women took part in only one (single skating in figure skating). Just on IV Winter Olympic Games in 1936 the second type was introduced into the program of competitions among women - alpine skiing (downhill and slalom), and the total number of participants was 17.

To a large extent, in connection with this, 34th session of the IOC, held in 1935 in Oslo, International Women's Sports Federation put forward a proposal to create a special Olympic Games for women only. A similar proposal was made by International Amateur Athletics Federation, which demanded the exclusion of women from the number of participants in the Olympic Games - with the subsequent establishment of athletics competitions only for females. However, the IOC members rejected these proposals by a majority vote.

After the end of the Second World War, the number of women who took part in the Olympic Games became more and more. The number of sports has also increased. Eg, Games of the XV Olympiad in Helsinki (1952) included women's competitions already in 24 types of competitions in six sports (gymnastics, athletics, swimming, kayaking and canoeing, diving, fencing), which amounted to 17.1% of the Olympic program.

Over the past 40 years, each Olympic cycle has been characterized by an increase in the participation of women in Olympic sports: an increase in the number of sports and types of competitions, an increase in the number of participants in the winter and summer Olympic Games. There are more women in the IOC, National Olympic Committees and International Sports Federations. This trend continues to the present. For example, on Games of the XXV Olympiad in Barcelona new sports were added in which women competed - judo, sailing, water slalom, new types of competitions appeared in athletics, rowing and canoeing, which expanded the part of the Olympic program for women by a total of 14 types of competitions.

On the verge of Olympic recognition - softball and women's football. Particularly acute is the issue of including women's softball in the program of the Olympic Games (as was done with men's baseball). There are constant heated discussions around proposals to include competitions among women in other sports and types of competitions in the Olympic program - weightlifting, water polo, athletics decathlon, etc. However, even today, competitions in about one third of Olympic sports are held only among men, and around certain purely female sports (synchronized swimming, rhythmic gymnastics), there are constant discussions about the advisability of their presence in the Olympic program.

The problem of increasing the participation of women in Olympic sports is quite multifaceted. Here, first of all, it should be noted the conservatism of many International Sports Federations, although they recognize women's competitions, but they treat them as a secondary matter that does not deserve to be represented in the program of the Olympic Games.

No less significant is the fact that the tendency to expand the part of the program of the Summer and Winter Olympic Games for women is in direct conflict with another trend - a reduction in the total number of participants in the Olympic competitions, which, according to the organizers of the Olympic Games, many leaders of the Olympic movement and international sports, exceeded acceptable limits.

The development of women's Olympic sports is undoubtedly hindered by the insufficient participation of women in its administrative bodies. So, out of 95 members of the IOC, only 7 are women (7.4%); only 5 women (2.6%) are presidents of the National Olympic Committees; only one International Sports Federation is headed by a woman.

The development of women's Olympic sports was also hampered by stereotypes in the media. Recent studies in the United States of this issue have revealed a peculiar picture: 92% of television time allocated for broadcasting sports news was devoted exclusively to men's sports; only 5% - was devoted to sports with the participation of women, 3% - were conversations of commentators on abstract topics; the ratio of articles about men's and women's sports in popular newspapers and magazines is 23:1, describing matches and competitions involving men, commentators use three times more colorful comparisons than when describing competitions in the same sports involving women. It has also been noticed that many television commentators patronizely call outstanding female athletes “girls”, while at the same time not allowing themselves to call famous male athletes “boys”. One of the prominent members of the IOC Anita de Franz was indignant about this: “How can you call a girl Martina Navratilov, Debi Thomas or Catherine Witt. Unfortunately, the dismissive attitude towards women as beings not worthy of special respect is not considered a great sin in the sports world, but this must be fought. Interestingly, after this performance A. de Franz the country's largest television companies have requested at least 100 copies of the report in order to bring it to the attention of all employees of television services.

The intensive development of women's sports is the reality of our time. The popularity of various sports, their distribution in the world, the funds allocated for their development are directly dependent on the presence of these sports in the Olympic program. Therefore, it is quite natural that the sharpness with which the question of the place of women's sports in the modern international Olympic movement is raised.

Olympic and grassroots sports

For many decades, there has been an idea that mass sports and sports of the highest achievements are a single sphere of human activity. This was largely facilitated by the views of P. de Coubertin. “If 100 people are exercising, 50 of them should be exercising. Of these 50-20 must specialize in one of the sports. Of these 20-5, they should reach the peak of sports form, ”said the French educator. It is this statement of his that many researchers cite as proof of the connection between mass and big-time sports.

IN 1919 P. de Coubertin put forward the motto "We must achieve mass" as one of the activities of the International Olympic Committee. However, this motto did not receive support, since many IOC members did not see the relationship between Olympic and mass sports and did not share the Coubertin approach to this issue.

moving away in 1925 from the leadership of the International Olympic Committee, Coubertin in 1926 founded International Bureau of Sports Education, which proposed a number of sports reforms, including the delineation of physical activity, sports education and sports competitions, as well as the spread of physical fitness tests - following the example of Sweden and Germany. However, these ideas of Coubertin turned out to be ineffective and did not receive wide support from the sports community in different countries.

up to until the 60s in the vast majority of countries in the world, Olympic sports and "sport for all" developed separately. However, the success of the athletes of the USSR and other countries of the former socialist camp on Olympic Games 1952, 1956 and 1960 once again forced to talk about the connection between the mass character and the skill of athletes.

The concept of the unity of mass and Olympic sports, which has received recognition and practical implementation in the 30-50s in the USSR and proven its effectiveness in major international sports competitions 50s found followers in other former socialist states. First of all, the development of mass, children's sports, family sports as the basis of Olympic sports has become the most important, state-supported direction in the development of sports in the GDR. A similar situation has developed in Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Cuba. The trend of interconnection between mass and Olympic sports was also manifested in other countries. This was facilitated by regular, starting since 1960, television broadcasts of the Olympic Games, which, as researchers and commentators have repeatedly noted, gave impetus to the faster development of the mass sports movement.

The inclusion of new sports in the program of the Olympic Games also served to increase their popularity among the population. For example, widespread in second half of the 60s received mass sports in Germany - in connection with the upcoming XX Olympic Games in Munich (1972) By the way, during these years (1966) and the term appeared "sport for all".

Analyzing the connection between the Olympic and mass sports, two aspects should be distinguished. First aspect - The influence of the Olympic Games on the revitalization of the mass development of Olympic sports is undoubtedly taking place. Second aspect - the dependence of the level of skill of athletes and Olympic success in a particular sport on its mass character should not be exaggerated, because here, starting since the 70s, the principle of the transition of quantity into quality is no longer valid. This realization alone makes it necessary to consider the issue of creating in various countries on a national scale specialized organizational structures for managing mass and Olympic sports. Therefore, for many leaders of international and national sports, the actions of IOC President X. A. Samaranch, aimed at including in the early 80s "sports for all" within the scope of the International Olympic Committee.

IN 1983 The IOC set up a group chaired by A. Gimla, President of the NOC and Minister of Sports of Czechoslovakia- a country with a long tradition in the field of mass sports. This group developed the structure, program of activities and determined the functions of the IOC commission for "sport for all".

IN 1985 An IOC commission was set up to "sport for all". IN 1986 in Frankfurt am Main passed under the auspices of the IOC I Congress "Sport for All"- under the motto "Everyone has the right to play sports."

IN 1986 The IOC Sports for All commission responded to such events as the peasant basketball tournament in China (1,000 teams), the massive 10,000m race in Denmark, the ski run in Sweden (18,000 participants), the Olympic Youth Day in Holland (16 thousand participants), pentathlon competitions in Hungary (820 thousand participants), competitions for schoolchildren in Germany (100 thousand participants). Through this commission, the IOC provided the National Olympic Committees with the necessary information and advice.

IN 1987 The IOC decided to hold annually June 23rd is Olympic Day - World Running Day.

IN May 1988 in Czechoslovakia took place II Congress "Sport for All". The main issues discussed at it were the development strategy of the "Sport for All" movement, its infrastructure, programs of different countries, the role of the media. Speaking at this congress, IOC President Kh. A. Samaranch noted that the “Sport for All” movement has firmly strengthened its position in the world and the International Olympic Committee has an important role in this.

However, not everyone shared the opinion of X. A. Samaranch about the need to extend the activities of the IOC to "sport for all." Thus, one of the sports leaders of Germany, Willi Weier, believed that the "Sport for All" movement and the Olympic movement have different roots, principles and content. If the Olympic movement is built on the principles of international sports, then the “Sport for All” movement develops in each country, taking into account national characteristics, traditions and culture.

Today, the "Sport for All" movement is increasingly associated with the tasks of healthcare and prolongation of active longevity, prevention and even treatment of various diseases. In many laboratories of the world, the high role of physical activity in the fight against cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric diseases, metabolic diseases and even oncological diseases has been convincingly shown. This closely links "sport for all" with the tasks of medicine, practical health care, with the planning of people's lifestyle, with the interests of various fields of activity in the rational use of labor resources.

Therefore, it is quite natural that the organizational structure of the IOC and the National Olympic Committees, the tasks they solve, the development trends of Olympic sports do not meet the needs of mass sports.

Undoubtedly, at a certain stage, the International Olympic Committee played a positive role in the development of the “Sport for All” movement, but today such an organization (with its own scientific and technical base and specialists) is needed that can solve the complex, primarily social, problems that this organization faces. movement, take on managerial and coordinating functions, the tasks of leadership, financing and providing practical assistance to countries and organizations in need of this, and which will be able not in words, but in deeds to implement the main principle of "sport for all" is the availability of sports and physical exercises for all social strata and groups of the population, regardless of their race and ethnicity, their place in the production system and in society as a whole.

Department of Education of the Administration of the city of Kogalym

School stage of the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren

in physical culture

2012-13 academic year

9,10,11 class

Full name ___________________________________________________________________

Correctly completed tasks are estimated at 1 point.

The time to complete the task is 40 minutes.

1. Women began to take part in ...

A. Games of the I Olympiad (1896 Athens, Greece).

b. Games of the II Olympiad (1900 Paris, France).

the Games of the IV Olympiad (1908 London, Great Britain).

2. The International Olympic Academy is located in …

A. Athens. b. Zurich.

V. Olympia. Paris.

3. The first summer Spartakiad of the peoples of the USSR was held in ...

A. 1948. b. 1952.

V. 1956. 1960.

4. The dynamics of individual development of a person is due to ...

A. influence of endogenous and exogenous factors.

b. human heredity.

V. the influence of social and environmental factors.

g. motor activity of a person.

5. A set of exercises, techniques and methods aimed at teaching motor and other skills and abilities, as well as their further improvement is designated as ...

A. training. b. technique.

V. lesson system. d. pedagogical impact.

6. The state of relaxation, relaxation of tension, achieved spontaneously or under the influence of physiotherapeutic procedures, is designated as

A. retardation. b. recreation.

V. reincarnation. d. relaxation.

7. The skeleton is a type of...

A. luge. b. speed skating.

V. skiing. d. all-around.

8. Jogging is a designation...

A. jogging.

b. type of "combat" aerobics.

V. sports club youth union.

g. varieties of non-traditional martial arts.

9. It is recommended to breathe during prolonged high-intensity exercise…

A. through the mouth and nose alternately. b. only through the mouth.

V. through the mouth and nose at the same time. g. only through the nose.

10. The rules of basketball in case of a draw in regular time provide for an additional period of ...

A. 3 minutes. b. 5 minutes. V. 7 minutes. d. 10 minutes.

11. The rules of volleyball stipulate that the team in each set has the right to a maximum of ...

A. three substitutions. b. five substitutions.

V. six replacements. g. the number of substitutions is not limited.

12. For the normal activity of the central nervous system, the regulation of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, it is necessary ...

A. vitamin A. b. vitamin b1.

V. vitamin C. g. vitamin D.

13. Rapid fatigue and drowsiness, headaches and dizziness are largely due to a lack of vitamins, especially ...

A. vitamin A. b. vitamin b1.

V. vitamin C. g. vitamin D.

14. The type of activity that is the subject of rivalry and historically formed as a way to identify and compare human capabilities is commonly called ...

A. gymnastics. b. health path.

V. competition. g. a sport.

15. Isometric (statistical) exercises are mainly used to improve ...

A. self-power abilities. b. speed abilities.

V. speed-strength abilities. g. general endurance.

16. The term "Olympics" means...

A. competition at the Olympic Games.

b. meeting of athletes in one city.

V. leap year.

a four-year period between the Olympic Games.

17. In what year did the first Youth Olympic Games take place?

A. 2010. b. 2008

V. 2000 y. 1998.

18. Where did the first Youth Olympic Games take place?

A. Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

b. Republic of Singapore.

c. People's Republic of China.

Republic of South Africa

19. The main means of physical education is ...

A. physical exercise.

b. hardening.

V. observance of the daily routine.

d. hygiene factors.

20. The load of physical exercises is characterized by...

A. their impact on the body.

b. purpose of the lesson.

V. the well-being of those involved.

d. time and number of repetitions of motor actions.

Questions in an open form

21. Part of the culture of society, focused on identifying and comparing human capabilities, is designated as …

22. The person who is called upon to ensure that the competition is conducted in accordance with the rules of the sport and has full authority to do so is … competitions.

23. A person masters the values of physical culture in the process …

24. The ultimate goal of a chess game is …

25. A complete cycle of movements that is repeated many times in running, walking, skating, skiing and other sports is designated as ...

26. Maintaining the balance of the body by changing the position of its individual links is denoted as …

27. The state of a stable position of the body in space is denoted as …

28. The intensity of physical exercise performed without a break from 5 to 30 minutes, according to physiological criteria, is referred to as a zone … work power.

29. In 2004 in Athens, Yuri Borzakovsky became the Olympic champion of the Games of the XVIII Olympiad in …

What did the modern Olympic Games borrow from the ancient Greek Olympic games…….

PEDAGOGICAL STAFF

uch. year

9 CLASS

OLYMPIAD PROGRAM

9th grade

Questions in a closed form.

(1 point)

V. Olympia.

Paris.

(1 point)

A. 1948.

b. 1952.

V. 1956.

1960.

(1 point)

A. training.

b. technique.

V. lesson system.

(1 point)

6. The state of relaxation, relaxation of tension, achieved spontaneously or under the influence of physiotherapeutic procedures, is designated as:

A. retardation.

b. recreation.

V. reincarnation.

d. relaxation.

(1 point)

d. all-around.

(1 point)

A. jogging.

(1 point)

b. only through the mouth.

g. only through the nose.

b. vitamin b1.

V. vitamin C.

d. vitamin D.

(1 point)

A. vitamin A.

b. vitamin b1.

V. vitamin C.

d. vitamin D.

(1 point)

A. gymnastics.

b. health path.

V. competition.

g. a sport.

(1 point)

b. speed abilities.

g. general endurance.

(1 point)

V. leap year.

(1 point)

A. 2010.

b. 2008

V. 2000

1998.

(1 point)

b. Republic of Singapore.

(1 point)

A. physical exercise.

b. hardening.

V. observance of the daily routine.

d. hygiene factors.

(1 point)

b. purpose of the lesson.

(1 point)

Questions in an open form.

21. …

(1 point)

22. … competitions.

(1 point)

23 …

(1 point)

24. …

(1 point)

25.

(1 point)

26. …

(1 point)

27.

(1 point)

28 … work power.

(1 point)

29 …

(1 point)

30.

(11 points)

I. PRACTICAL TASK by sections:

girls 9th grade

Required Connections

price

Youths 9th grade

Mandatory elements

cost

Item number

Elements

Youths

Item number

Elements

Back somersault

Front flip

Jump up with a turn of 540° or more.

Frontal balance with a grip (the heel of the free leg is not lower than shoulder level) (hold).

From a handstand (indicate) forward somersault with legs bent together

SPORT GAMES

Basketball

Boys and girls of the 9th grade:

Fick

Volleyball

9th grade girls:

3 points are awarded. For getting into the zone of bonus points, the participant is awarded 1 more point on top of the 3 already earned. If the ball hits the same zone, it counts only as one hit in this zone and only 3 points are awarded. No points are awarded for missing the specified zone. For serving into the net or out of bounds, one point is deducted.

Football

Boys 9th grade

Athletics

The competitive test consists in overcoming the distance: Girls of the 9th grade: 500 m. Boys of the 9th grade: 1000 m.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN

DAGESTAN INSTITUTE FOR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

PEDAGOGICAL STAFF

Olympiad tasks for the municipal stage of the GOSh in physical culture

uch. year

GRADE 10

OLYMPIAD PROGRAM

The program of the Olympiad consists of theoretical, methodological and practical tasks.

The content of the competition of theoretical and methodological tasks is composed of sections: cultural and historical foundations of physical culture; specific orientation of physical education; fundamentals of the theory and methodology of teaching motor actions; fundamentals of the theory and methodology of education of physical qualities; forms of organization in physical education; methodology for solving some particular problems of physical education; some conditions conducive to solving the problems of physical education.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL TASKS for grade 10

Participants of the Olympiad are offered 30 tasks developed on the basis of publicly available literature on the subject "Physical Education" and corresponding to the requirements of knowledge of graduates of the basic school in this subject.

Questions are offered in closed, open form and a question with a detailed answer form. For each task in a closed form, 4 possible answers were offered. Among them are both correct and incorrect answers, as well as partially corresponding to the meaning of the questions. Only one answer can be correct - the one that most fully corresponds to the meaning of the question. In open-form questions, it is required to complete the definition by entering the appropriate word in the answer sheet. A question with a detailed answer requires a creative approach from the participant, the answer is drawn up in writing, where the participant needs to most fully demonstrate his knowledge on this issue. The jury determines the number of correct answers.

The testing time is 60 minutes.

Grade 10

Questions in a closed form.

1. Women began to take part in:

A. Games of the I Olympiad (1896 Athens, Greece).

b. Games of the II Olympiad (1900 Paris, France).

the Games of the IV Olympiad (1908 London, Great Britain).

(1 point)

2. The International Olympic Academy is located in:

A. Athens.

b. Zurich.

V. Olympia.

Paris.

(1 point)

3. The first summer Spartakiad of the peoples of the USSR was held in:

A. 1948.

b. 1952.

V. 1956.

1960.

(1 point)

4. The dynamics of a person's individual development is due to:

A. influence of endogenous and exogenous factors.

b. human heredity.

V. the influence of social and environmental factors.

g. motor activity of a person.

(1 point)

5. A set of exercises, techniques and methods aimed at teaching motor and other skills and abilities, as well as their further improvement, is designated as:

A. training.

b. technique.

V. lesson system.

d. pedagogical impact.

(1 point)

A. retardation.

b. recreation.

V. reincarnation.

d. relaxation.

(1 point)

7. Skeleton is a variety of:

A. luge.

b. speed skating.

V. skiing.

d. all-around.

(1 point)

8. Jogging is a designation:

A. jogging.

b. type of "combat" aerobics.

g. varieties of non-traditional martial arts.

(1 point)

9. With a long load of high intensity, it is recommended to breathe:

A. through the mouth and nose alternately.

b. only through the mouth.

V. through the mouth and nose at the same time.

g. only through the nose.

(1 point)

A. 3 minutes.

b. 5 minutes.

V. 7 minutes.

d. 10 minutes.

(1 point)

A. three substitutions.

b. five substitutions.

V. six replacements.

(1 point)

A. vitamin A.

b. vitamin b1.

V. vitamin C.

d. vitamin D.

(1 point)

13. Rapid fatigue and drowsiness, headaches and dizziness are largely due to a lack of vitamins, especially:

A. vitamin A.

b. vitamin b1.

V. vitamin C.

d. vitamin D.

(1 point)

14. The type of activity that is the subject of rivalry and historically formed as a way to identify and compare human capabilities is commonly called:

A. gymnastics.

b. health path.

V. competition.

g. a sport.

(1 point)

15. Isometric (statistical) exercises are mainly used to improve:

A. self-power abilities.

b. speed abilities.

V. speed-strength abilities.

g. general endurance.

(1 point)

16. The term "Olympics" means:

A. competition at the Olympic Games.

b. meeting of athletes in one city.

V. leap year.

a four-year period between the Olympic Games.

(1 point)

17. In what year did the first Youth Olympic Games take place:

A. 2010.

b. 2008

V. 2000

1998.

(1 point)

18. Where did the first Youth Olympic Games take place:

A. Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

b. Republic of Singapore.

V. People's Republic of China.

Republic of South Africa

(1 point)

19. The main means of physical education is:

A. physical exercise.

b. hardening.

V. observance of the daily routine.

d. hygiene factors.

(1 point)

20. The load of physical exercises is characterized by:

A. their impact on the body.

b. purpose of the lesson.

V. the well-being of those involved.

d. time and number of repetitions of motor actions.

(1 point)

Questions in an open form.

21. Part of the culture of society, focused on identifying and comparing human capabilities, is designated as …

(1 point)

22. The person responsible for ensuring that the competition is conducted in accordance with the rules of the sport and having full authority to do so is … competitions.

(1 point)

23 . A person masters the values of physical culture in the process …

(1 point)

24. The ultimate goal of a chess game is …

(1 point)

25. A complete cycle of movements that is repeated many times in running, walking, skating, skiing and other sports is designated as ...

(1 point)

26. Maintaining the balance of the body by changing the position of its individual links is denoted as …

(1 point)

27. The state of a stable position of the body in space is denoted as

(1 point)

28 . The intensity of physical exercise performed without a break from 5 to 30 minutes, according to physiological criteria, is referred to as a zone … work power.

(1 point)

29 . In 2004, he became the Olympic champion of the Games of the XVIII Olympiad in …

(1 point)

A question with an extended answer.

30. What did the modern Olympic Games borrow from the ancient Greek Olympic Games (agon)?

(11 points)

I. PRACTICAL TASK by sections:

GYMNASTICS WITH THE BASICS OF ACROBATICS

girls 10th grade

Required Connections

price

Balance on the right (left), arms to the sides (hold) - somersault forward into a stand on the shoulder blades (indicate) - stand on the shoulder blades without the help of hands (hold) - stand on the shoulder blades of the legs apart ( indicate) and connecting the legs, roll forward at close range crouching

Forward roll with a jump - jump up with a 360 turn - forward roll with a jump - jump up with legs apart

With a swing of one, with a push of the other, two flips in the direction of the “wheel”) in a leg stand apart - putting the right (left), turning left (right) point-blank crouching - somersault back - somersault back at point-blank range, bending, straightening, arms up

From the leg stand apart, arms up lowering to the bridge (hold) - lie on your back, straighten your legs and bending forward, go to a gray angle (indicate) - a gray angle, arms to the sides (hold) - unbending, turn right (left) around in the supine position, bending your arms and, straightening your arms, the emphasis is lying

Youths 10th grade

Mandatory elements

cost

With a swing of one, with a push of the other, two flips to the side (“wheel”) in a leg stand apart - putting the right (left), turn left (right) - somersault forward with a jump - jump up with a turn of 360 °

Jump with a 180 ° turn - forward somersault with a crouching point-blank jump - back somersault - back somersault into a handstand (indicate)

Tilt forward, bending legs apart - somersault forward into a rack on the shoulder blades without the help of hands (hold) - roll forward in a gray angle, arms to the sides (hold) - sit with a forward tilt, arms up and somersault back with straight legs point-blank while standing bent

From a gray-haired position on the heels, by force bending the stand on the head and hands (indicate) - spread the legs frontally (hold) - connect the legs - bend the legs and, straightening up, handstand (indicate) - somersault forward, bending into a leg stand apart

Item number

Elements

Headstand and handstand (hold)

Bridge with opposite support (free leg raised forward) (hold)

Frontal balance with a grip (the heel of the free leg is not lower than shoulder level) (hold).

From a handstand (indicate) - forward somersault.

From a handstand (indicate) forward somersault with legs bent together

Slow roll forward on one leg.

Slow reversal back to any end position.

Jump with a change of straight legs forward (“scissors”), hips at or above the horizontal.

Jump with a change of bent legs forward with a turn of 360 °, hips at or above the horizontal.

Jump up with a turn of 540° or more.

Emphasis with the angle of the legs apart or together (keep).

Horizontal balance on the elbows ("Crocodile") (hold).

The same (opposite) turn on one 360 °, the thigh of the free leg is not lower than the horizontal.

The eponymous (“open”) turn on one is 360 °, the other is raised back no lower than 45 °.

Rotate 360° or more in a handstand.

Youths

Item number

Elements

Tempo flip forward on one or two feet

Tempo flip back (flack) to any end position

Overturn from the head ("kip-up")

Back somersault

Front flip

Jump up with a turn of 540° or more.

Jump up, bending forward legs apart or together (legs horizontal)

Turn 360° or more in handstand

By force, bending legs apart or together, handstand (spi-chuck) (indicate)

From a squat with an inclination forward, somersault back to a handstand (indicate)

Any balance with the position of the free leg above the horizontal (hold).

Frontal balance with a grip (the heel of the free leg is not lower than shoulder level) (hold).

Horizontal balance on the elbow ("Crocodile") (hold).

From a handstand (indicate) forward somersault with legs bent together

High angle support (legs raised at least 45° from the horizontal) (keep).

SPORT GAMES

Basketball

Boys and girls of 10th grade:

The competitive test consists of moving with the back in a protective stance, punching 3 free throws (freehand), a dash in a straight line, dribbling the ball with the right and left hands with a “shuttle” passing the ball to the backboard, catching and throwing into the basket.

The competitor is behind the court facing forward on the right in the corner at the intersection of the end and side lines. On a signal, the participant moves backwards in a defensive stance 2 steps to the right and left to the penalty line, punches three free throws, performs a dash facing forward to the center line, takes the ball and starts straight dribbling the ball with the “Shuttle” with his right hand to the penalty line; back to the center line dribble with the left hand, move back to the backboard dribble with the strongest hand (right or left) pass the ball to the backboard from the free throw line without leaving the circle, catch the ball from the backboard with both hands and shoot (freehand). Fickthe time of the exercise is set, stopping the stopwatch performsXia at the moment the ball touches the floor after it is thrown into the basket.

For an inaccurate hit in the basket to the participant by his actual timean additional 5 seconds are added for each violation of the rules (about running, carrying the ball, double dribbling, incorrect change of hands, not reaching the lines, not catching the ball after passing to the shield) the participant is added an additional 2 seconds.

In case of missing the final throw in the exercise, two additional attempts are given. For an inaccurate hit in the basket twice adding an additional 10 seconds. If a participant leaves the site without completingadditional attempts are added an additional 30 seconds.

Volleyball

10th grade girls:

The participant is on the front line.

On the other side of the site, the judges indicate three zones, each of which will need to be hit when serving. In each of the selected three zones, the judges indicate the place for bonus points, which is indicated by a standard gymnastic hoop. The participant is given the right to perform: two attempts for three lower straight serves, two attempts for three upper straight serves.

When performing lower straight serves: for hitting the indicated zone3 points are awarded. For getting into the zone of bonus points, the participant is awarded 1 more point on top of the 3 already earned. If the ball hits the same zone, it counts only as one hit in this zone and only 3 points are awarded. No points are awarded for missing the specified zone. For serving into the net or out of bounds, one point is deducted.

When performing upper direct serves: for hitting a given zone3 points are awarded. For getting into the zone of bonus points, the participant is awarded 1 more point on top of the 3 already earned. If the ball hits the same zone, it counts only as one hit in this zone and only 3 points are awarded. No points are awarded for missing the specified zone. For serving into the net or out of bounds, one point is deducted.

The result is the sum of the three best attempts.

Top direct feed - and. p. - the subject is on the front line, facing the net. The ball is hit above the shoulder joint (shoulder).

Bottom straight feed - and. p. - the subject is on the front line, facing the net. The ball is hit below the shoulder.

Football

Boys grade 10

Gates are set on the front line of the playing field. From the gate to the right and left at a distance there are two pairs of gates, indicated by posts.

At a distance of 10 m from the front line of the football field, 3 pairs of footballs are placed with an interval of 5 m.

From the line of soccer balls opposite at a distance of 5 m there are 3 control posts with an interval of 5 m.

The start of the participant begins on a signal from the line of the left control post. The participant starts moving towards one of the balls of the left pair and strikes with his left foot on the left goal. After the shot, he returns back to the left control post, runs around it, moves to the second ball of the left pair and strikes with his left foot on the left goal.

After completing this series of kicks, the participant runs back to the middle control post, runs around it, moves forward to one of the balls of the middle pair and kicks with either foot (left, right) on the goal. The ball must cross the line on top.

After the hit, the participant returns back to the middle control post, runs around it, moves to the right to the control post, runs around it, moves forward to one of the balls of the right pair and strikes with the right foot on the right goal. After the kick, he returns back to the right control post, runs around it, moves to the second ball of the right pair and strikes with his right foot at the right goal.

After the completion of the second series of shots, the competitor runs back to the right control post, runs around it, moves to the left to the middle control post, runs around it, moves forward to the second ball of the middle pair, makes a top kick with either foot on the goal and finishes back to the middle control post.

The exercise is considered completed if the participant has hit all six balls into the indicated goal and crossed the finish line.

The result of the exercise is the number of hits on the goal and the time spent on the entire exercise. For every non falling into the left and right gates, 3 seconds are added to the time shown. And inmiddle gate 5 sec. For not running around the rack, a penalty of 10 seconds.

The winner is the participant who shows the leasttime for this exercise.

Athletics.

Athletics

The competitive test consists in overcoming the distance: Girls of the 10th grade: 500 m. Boys of the 10th grade: 1000 m. The time to overcome the distance is fixed.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN

DAGESTAN INSTITUTE FOR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

PEDAGOGICAL STAFF

Olympiad tasks for the municipal stage of the GOSh in physical culture

uch. year

11 CLASSES

OLYMPIAD PROGRAM

The program of the Olympiad consists of theoretical, methodological and practical tasks.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL TASKS for 11 classes

The testing time is 60 minutes.

11 classes.

Questions in a closed form.

1. Women began to take part in:

A. Games of the I Olympiad (1896 Athens, Greece).

b. Games of the II Olympiad (1900 Paris, France).

the Games of the IV Olympiad (1908 London, Great Britain).

(1 point)

2. The International Olympic Academy is located in:

A. Athens.

b. Zurich.

V. Olympia.

Paris.

(1 point)

3. The first summer Spartakiad of the peoples of the USSR was held in:

A. 1948.

b. 1952.

V. 1956.

1960.

(1 point)

4. The dynamics of a person's individual development is due to:

A. influence of endogenous and exogenous factors.

b. human heredity.

V. the influence of social and environmental factors.

g. motor activity of a person.

(1 point)

5. A set of exercises, techniques and methods aimed at teaching motor and other skills and abilities, as well as their further improvement, is designated as:

A. training.

b. technique.

V. lesson system.

d. pedagogical impact.

(1 point)

6. The state of relaxation, relaxation of tension, achieved spontaneously or under the influence of physiotherapeutic procedures, is designated as:

A. retardation.

b. recreation.

V. reincarnation.

d. relaxation.

(1 point)

7. Skeleton is a variety of:

A. luge.

b. speed skating.

V. skiing.

d. all-around.

(1 point)

8. Jogging is a designation:

A. jogging.

b. type of "combat" aerobics.

V. sports club youth union.

g. varieties of non-traditional martial arts.

(1 point)

9. With a long load of high intensity, it is recommended to breathe:

A. through the mouth and nose alternately.

b. only through the mouth.

V. through the mouth and nose at the same time.

g. only through the nose.

(1 point)

10. The rules of basketball in case of a draw in regular time provide for an additional period of duration:

A. 3 minutes.

b. 5 minutes.

V. 7 minutes.

d. 10 minutes.

(1 point)

11. The rules of volleyball provide that the team in each game has the right to a maximum of:

A. three substitutions.

b. five substitutions.

V. six replacements.

g. the number of substitutions is not limited.

(1 point)

12. For normal activity of the central nervous system, regulation of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, it is necessary:

A. vitamin A.

b. vitamin b1.

V. vitamin C.

d. vitamin D.

(1 point)

13. Rapid fatigue and drowsiness, headaches and dizziness are largely due to a lack of vitamins, especially:

A. vitamin A.

b. vitamin b1.

V. vitamin C.

d. vitamin D.

(1 point)

14. The type of activity that is the subject of rivalry and historically formed as a way to identify and compare human capabilities is commonly called:

A. gymnastics.

b. health path.

V. competition.

g. a sport.

(1 point)

15. Isometric (statistical) exercises are mainly used to improve:

A. self-power abilities.

b. speed abilities.

V. speed-strength abilities.

g. general endurance.

(1 point)

16. The term "Olympics" means:

A. competition at the Olympic Games.

b. meeting of athletes in one city.

V. leap year.

a four-year period between the Olympic Games.

(1 point)

17. In what year did the first Youth Olympic Games take place:

A. 2010.

b. 2008

V. 2000

1998.

(1 point)

18. Where did the first Youth Olympic Games take place:

A. Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

b. Republic of Singapore.

V. People's Republic of China.

Republic of South Africa

(1 point)

19. The main means of physical education is:

A. physical exercise.

b. hardening.

V. observance of the daily routine.

d. hygiene factors.

(1 point)

20. The load of physical exercises is characterized by:

A. their impact on the body.

b. purpose of the lesson.

V. the well-being of those involved.

d. time and number of repetitions of motor actions.

(1 point)

Questions in an open form.

21. Part of the culture of society, focused on identifying and comparing human capabilities, is designated as …

(1 point)

22. The person responsible for ensuring that the competition is conducted in accordance with the rules of the sport and having full authority to do so is … competitions.

(1 point)

23 . A person masters the values of physical culture in the process …

(1 point)

24. The ultimate goal of a chess game is …

(1 point)

25. A complete cycle of movements that is repeated many times in running, walking, skating, skiing and other sports is designated as ...

(1 point)

26. Maintaining the balance of the body by changing the position of its individual links is denoted as …

(1 point)

27. The state of a stable position of the body in space is denoted as

(1 point)

28 . The intensity of physical exercise performed without a break from 5 to 30 minutes, according to physiological criteria, is referred to as a zone … work power.

(1 point)

29 . In 2004, he became the Olympic champion of the Games of the XVIII Olympiad in …

(1 point)

A question with an extended answer.

31. What did the modern Olympic Games borrow from the ancient Greek Olympic Games (agon)?

(1 1 score)

I. PRACTICAL TASK by sections:

GYMNASTICS WITH THE BASICS OF ACROBATICS

girls 11th grade

Required Connections

price

Forward roll with a jump - jump up with a 360 turn - forward roll with a jump - jump up with legs apart

Youths 11th grade

Mandatory elements

cost

Jump with a 180 ° turn - forward somersault with a crouching point-blank jump - back somersault - back somersault into a handstand (indicate)

Tables of Value Added Elements

Item number

Elements

Headstand and handstand (hold)

Bridge with opposite support (free leg raised forward) (hold)

Frontal balance with a grip (the heel of the free leg is not lower than shoulder level) (hold).

From a handstand (indicate) - forward somersault.

From a handstand (indicate) forward somersault with legs bent together

Slow roll forward on one leg.

Slow reversal back to any end position.

Jump with a change of straight legs forward (“scissors”), hips at or above the horizontal.

Jump with a change of bent legs forward with a turn of 360 °, hips at or above the horizontal.

Jump up with a turn of 540° or more.

Emphasis with the angle of the legs apart or together (keep).

Horizontal balance on the elbows ("Crocodile") (hold).

The same (opposite) turn on one 360 °, the thigh of the free leg is not lower than the horizontal.

The eponymous (“open”) turn on one is 360 °, the other is raised back no lower than 45 °.

Rotate 360° or more in a handstand.

Youths

Item number

Elements

Tempo flip forward on one or two feet

Tempo flip back (flack) to any end position

Overturn from the head ("kip-up")

Back somersault

Front flip

Jump up with a turn of 540° or more.

Jump up, bending forward legs apart or together (legs horizontal)

Turn 360° or more in handstand

By force, bending legs apart or together, handstand (spi-chuck) (indicate)

From a squat with an inclination forward, somersault back to a handstand (indicate)

Any balance with the position of the free leg above the horizontal (hold).

Frontal balance with a grip (the heel of the free leg is not lower than shoulder level) (hold).

Horizontal balance on the elbow ("Crocodile") (hold).

From a handstand (indicate) forward somersault with legs bent together

High angle support (legs raised at least 45° from the horizontal) (keep).

SPORT GAMES

Basketball

Boys and girls of 11th grade:

Volleyball

11th grade girls:

The participant is on the front line.

The result is the sum of the three best attempts.

Top direct feed - and. p. - the subject is on the front line, facing the net. The ball is hit above the shoulder joint (shoulder).

Bottom straight feed - and. p. - the subject is on the front line, facing the net. The ball is hit below the shoulder.

Football

Boys 11th grade

Gates are set on the front line of the playing field. From the gate to the right and left at a distance there are two pairs of gates, indicated by posts.

At a distance of 10 m from the front line of the football field, 3 pairs of footballs are placed with an interval of 5 m.

From the line of soccer balls opposite at a distance of 5 m there are 3 control posts with an interval of 5 m.

The exercise is considered completed if the participant has hit all six balls into the indicated goal and crossed the finish line.

The winner is the participant who shows the leasttime for this exercise.

Athletics.

Athletics

The competitive test consists in overcoming the distance: Girls of the 11th grade: 500 m. Boys of the 11th grade: 1000 m. The time to overcome the distance is fixed.

Olympiad in physical culture 10-11 class.

1. The term "Olympiad" means:

a) competitions held during the Olympic Games;

b) the first year of the four years following which the Olympic Games are held;

c) a period of four consecutive years beginning with the Games of the Olympiad and ending with the opening of the Games of the next Olympiad;

d) the year of the Olympic Games.

2. The final stage of preparing athletes for the Games in ancient Greece

held in a special room called

A) gymnasium;

b) an amphitheater;

c) a stadium;

d) hippodrome

3.Where is the torch of the Olympic flame of the modern Olympic Games lit?

a) on the top of Mount Olympus;

b) at the Olympic Stadium in Athens;

c) at the Olympic Stadium of the host city of the Games;

d) in Olympia under the auspices of the IOC.

4 .The 2016 Summer Olympics will be held in the city of:

a) France;

b) Chicago

c) Rio de Janeiro;

d) Madrid.

5. At the first Olympic Games known to us, held in 776 BC. e., athletes competed in running at a distance equal to:

a) one stage;

b) 200 m;
c) during those Games, athletes competed in wrestling and throwing, not in running.

D) 400 m

6. The magnitude of the load during continuous exercise is due to :

a) a combination of volume and intensity of motor actions;

b) the degree of difficulties overcome in their implementation;

c) fatigue resulting from their implementation;

d) heart rate.

7.Compliance with the daily routine contributes to health promotion, because

a) allows you to avoid unjustified physical stress;

b) ensures the rhythm of the body;

c) allows you to properly plan things during the day;

d) the magnitude of the load on the central nervous system changes.

8. The main indicators of a person's physical development are:

a) anthropometric characteristics of a person

b) the results of the long jump from a place

c) results in the shuttle race

d) the level of development of general endurance

9. Which of the following types is not included in the modern pentathlon program:

a) shooting

b) fencing

c) gymnastics

d) horseback riding

10. In what year were the first World Youth Games held:

a) 1976 b) 1998 c) 1980 d) 1990

11. Physical culture is aimed at improving:

a) the moral and volitional qualities of people

b) the state of human health

c) natural physical properties of a person

d) techniques of motor actions

12. What is called posture:

a) the quality of the spine, ensuring good health

b) spring characteristics of the spine and feet

c) the usual posture of a person in an upright position

G) anthropometric characteristics of a person

13. The structure of learning movements is due to ...

a) the ratio of methods of training and education.

b) the individual characteristics of the student.

c) biomechanical characteristics of the movement being learned.

d) patterns of formation of motor skills.

14. The continuity of physical education is due to ...

a) a variety of forms of employment.

b) a combination of preparatory and developmental classes.

c) features of the construction of lesson forms of classes.

d) the interaction of the effects of classes.

15. Which of the following statements is formulated incorrectly?

a) Sport is a competitive activity.

b) Sport is an integral part of physical culture.

c) Sport is a competitive activity and preparation for it.

d) Sport - observance of certain rules of conduct.

16. The process of performing physical exercises in order to improve the quality of

jealous activity is called ...

a) exercise.

b) preparation.

c) hyperactivity.

d) stimulation.

17. The basis of the methodology for educating physical qualities is ...

a) exercise.

b) age adequacy of the load.

c) training in motor actions.

d) a gradual increase in the force of impact.

18. The ratio between the volume and intensity of exercises is characterized by ...

a) an increase in the body's responses.

b) indicators of the quantity and quality of physical activity.

c) inversely proportional relationship.

d) directly proportional dependence.

19 . Among all the Olympians in the world in all sports, the largest number of Olympic awards ...

a) Paavo Nurmi (Finland);

b) Mark Spitz (USA);

c) Larisa Latynina (USSR);

d) Svetlana Khorkina (Russia);

e) Michael Phelps (USA).

20. The theoretical material of the subject "Physical Education" in a secondary school includes ...

a) fundamental knowledge of a general theoretical nature;

b) instructive and methodological knowledge;

c) knowledge about the rules for performing motor actions;

d) all of the above.

21. How is the control over the influence of physical activity on the body during exercise?

a) by the frequency of breathing;

b) frequency of cardiovascular exercises;

c) according to the amount of work performed.

d) external signs

22. What is called a warm-up?

a) preparing the body for the upcoming work.

b) alternation of running and general developmental exercises;

c) alternation of easy and difficult general developmental exercises

d) starting readiness

23. What exercises are included in the warm-up in almost all sports?

a) endurance exercises;

b) running and general developmental exercises

c) exercises for the development of flexibility and coordination of movements

d) speed exercises

24. What kind of sport most effectively develops flexibility and agility?

a) fencing

b) basketball;

c) figure skating;

d) rhythmic gymnastics.

25. What sports develop mainly endurance?

a) martial arts;

b) cyclic;

c) sports games;

d) not cyclic.

Quest key:

1-c 2-a 3-d 4-c 5-a 6-a 7-b 8-a 9-c 10-b 11-c 12-c 13-c 14-c 15-c 16-c 17- g 18-in

19-in 20-g 21-b 22-a 23-b 24-a 25-b