Presentation on the topic of the second Chechen war. Presentation on the topic: "Chechen War". Averkin Alexander Alexandrovich
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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Background The Chechen war, in short, became the most terrible and cruel event for Russia after the collapse of the USSR. Opinions about her are still ambiguous. Some historians and analysts support the authorities’ decision to send in troops, while others say that this difficult conflict could have been prevented and terrible losses could have been avoided. Be that as it may, when talking about the Chechen war, first of all you need to find out the reasons for its outbreak. It should be remembered that this war is divided into two stages. First Chechen War 1994-1996 Second Chechen War 1999-2003
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Immediately after the collapse of the USSR, in September 1991, an armed coup took place in the republic, led by Dzhokhar Dudayev. As a result, the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria arose, which immediately declared its independence from the RSFSR. This event occurred on November 1, 1991. Dudayev introduced martial law in the country and refused to negotiate with the Kremlin until the independence of Ichkeria was officially recognized by him. The forces of the republic also captured military bases of Russian troops on its territory. Immediately after the collapse of the USSR, in September 1991, an armed coup took place in the republic, led by Dzhokhar Dudayev. As a result, the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria arose, which immediately declared its independence from the RSFSR. This event occurred on November 1, 1991. Dudayev introduced martial law in the country and refused to negotiate with the Kremlin until the independence of Ichkeria was officially recognized by him. The forces of the republic also captured military bases of Russian troops on its territory.
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First Chechen War (1994-1996) Date - December 11, 1994 - August 31, 1996 Place - Chechnya Result - Khasavyurt agreements Opponents - Volunteers UNO-UNSO (Chechen separatists), Arab separatists
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Progress of the first Chechen war Deployment of troops (December 1994) Storming of Grozny (December 1994 - March 1995) Establishing control over the lowland regions of Chechnya (March-April 1995) Establishing control over the mountainous regions of Chechnya (May - June 1995) Terrorist attack in Budennovsk ( June 14-19, 1995) Terrorist attack in Kizlyar (January 9-18, 1996) Militant attack on Grozny (March 6-8, 1996) Battle near the village of Yaryshmardy (April 16, 1996) Liquidation of Dzhokhar Dudayev (April 21, 1996) Negotiations with the separatists (May - July 1996) Operation Jihad (August 6 - 22, 1996) Khasavyurt Agreement (August 31, 1996)
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The course of the first Chechen war In September 1991, “The United Committee of the Chechen People, headed by Dudayev, seized power in Chechnya, announcing the creation of the Republic of Ichkeria. He formed his own army and began to pursue an anti-federal policy. In November 1994, Yeltsin issued an order to suppress the armed rebellion in Chechnya. The war has begun. The Russian command underestimated the enemy. In winter there were bloody battles for Grozny. In the summer of 1995, Prime Minister V.S. Chernomyrdin entered into negotiations with terrorists, and as a result, the bandits left the city and went to Chechnya. At the end of 1995, hostilities intensified throughout the republic. The war became protracted. Moscow has finally realized that it is impossible to solve the problem of Chechnya through military confrontation. On August 31, 1996, a peace treaty was signed in Khasavyurt, ending the first war. The first president of Chechnya, A. Maskhadov, was elected. Chechnya became de facto independent. Both in the center and in Chechnya they understood that the signed agreement did not resolve the conflict.
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Results of the first Chechen war The result of the war was the Khasavyurt Agreement and the withdrawal of Russian troops. Chechnya became a de facto independent state, but de jure a state not recognized by any country in the world (including Russia).
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Losses in the first Chechen war Russia lost: 4,103 people killed 1,231 missing/deserted/prisoned 19,794 people wounded Chechnya lost: 17,391 people killed 30-40 thousand civilians killed Almost the entire non-Chechen population left the Chechen Republic.
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The second Chechen war was officially called the counter-terrorism operation (CTO). It began on September 30, 1999. The active phase lasted until 2000. The counter-terrorism operation (CTO) has not yet been completed
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Progress of the Second Chechen War Russia 1999 15 military operations 2000 4 major military operations 2001 2 major military operations 2002 1 military operation 2003 no major military operations 2004 2 military operations 2005 4 military operations 2006 7 military operations 2007 year 3 combat operations 2008 year 2 combat operations
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The course of the second Chechen war In 1999, Chechen militants attacked Dagestan. Russia unilaterally terminated the 1996 peace treaty. During this time, the Chechen leadership established connections with international terrorist networks, formed special troops, organized the supply of weapons and the flow of funds. The goal is to capture the North Caucasus. The Russian leadership turned out to be powerless. In fact, Chechnya fell out of the Russian Federation. None of the center's peace initiatives had any effect. On September 23, Yeltsin signed a decree on the start of hostilities in Chechnya, and on October 18, federal troops surrounded Grozny. Civilians fled the city. In February 2000, Grozny was captured, but fighting continued until 2003. In March 2003, the Constitution of Chechnya was adopted, and A. Kadyrov was elected president. Gradually, economic life improved, but the political situation still remained difficult: terrorist attacks continued.
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losses in the second Chechen war Russia lost: 4,572 killed 15,549 wounded Chechnya lost: 3,600 killed 1,500 wounded
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War Soldier
doesn't choose...
A soldier of war does not choose -
He is loyal to duty and country,
Which plunges him
It's in the blood
To the glory that sparkles
On the slopes in memorable Chechnya.
A. Bobrov.
Chechnya
1994
1999
2009
1999
Stanislav Alexandrovich Amelin
In January 1996, Stanislav joined the OMON service at the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Kemerovo Region. A few months after his enrollment in the detachment, Amelin, as part of the combined special purpose police detachment of Kuzbass, arrived in the Urus-Martan district of the Chechen Republic.
Guryanov Vladimir Vladimirovich(04/01/1970 – 02/25/1995)
police sergeant, OMON policeman at the Prokopyevsk Internal Affairs Directorate.
Guryanov V.V. buried in the village cemetery. High Prokopyevsk.
Bauer Alexander Vilhelmovich
(05/01/1968–02/25/1995),
senior police sergeant, policeman-driver of OMON at the Department of Internal Affairs of Novokuznetsk. He was buried in Novokuznetsk.
Esipenko Yuri Viktorovich
(02/04/1972–02/25/1995), private police officer, OMON policeman at the Novokuznetsk Internal Affairs Directorate.
Awarded the Order of Courage (posthumously). He was buried in Prezhevalsk, Republic of Kyrgyzstan.
Kamynin Sergey Nikolaevich
(October 16, 1968 – February 25, 1995) junior police lieutenant, commander of the operational platoon of riot police at the Prokopyevsk police department.
Kamynin S.N. buried in the village cemetery. High Prokopyevsk.
Ivanov Andrey Nikolaevich
(04/06/1972 - 02/25/1995), junior police sergeant, OMON police officer at the Prokopyevsk Internal Affairs Directorate.
He was buried in the village cemetery. High Prokopyevsk.
Shlee Sergey Vladimirovich (01/01/1968 – 01/22/1995), senior police lieutenant, senior investigator of the special rapid response detachment of the Organized Organized Crime Control Department of the KM Main Department of Internal Affairs of the Kemerovo Region.
Born: village of Sheragul, Tulunsky district, Irkutsk region.
He was buried in Kemerovo.
I want the country to be proud
May your day be beautiful,
To fall asleep in captivity of a good feeling
Remembering good people...
I want the country to be proud
May your day be beautiful,
To fall asleep in captivity of a good feeling
Remembering good people...
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Russian-Chechen war
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The First Chechen War (Chechen conflict of 1994-1996, First Chechen campaign, Restoration of constitutional order in the Chechen Republic) - fighting between Russian troops (Armed Forces and Ministry of Internal Affairs) and the unrecognized Chechen Republic of Ichkeria in Chechnya and some settlements in neighboring regions of the Russian North Caucasus with the goal of taking control of the territory of Chechnya, on which the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria was proclaimed in 1991. Officially, the conflict was defined as “measures to maintain constitutional order”; military actions were called the “first Chechen war”, less often the “Russian-Chechen” or “Russian-Caucasian war”
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The conflict and the events preceding it were characterized by a large number of casualties among the population, military and law enforcement agencies, facts of ethnic cleansing of the non-Chechen population in Chechnya were noted. Despite certain military successes of the Armed Forces and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the results of this conflict were the withdrawal of Russian units, mass destruction and casualties, the de facto independence of Chechnya before the Second Chechen War and the wave of terror that swept across Russia.
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The period of Dudayev's rule is characterized by ethnic cleansing against the entire non-Chechen population. In 1991-1994, the non-Chechen (primarily Russian) population of Chechnya was subjected to murders, attacks and threats from Chechens. Many were forced to leave Chechnya, being expelled from their homes, abandoning or selling their apartments to Chechens at a low price. In 1992 alone, according to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, 250 Russians were killed in Grozny, 300 went missing. The morgues were filled with unidentified corpses. Widespread anti-Russian propaganda was fueled by relevant literature, direct insults and calls from government platforms, and desecration of Russian cemeteries
Ethnic cleansing of the non-Chechen population
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In July 1999, the Russian Ministry of Nationalities Affairs reported that in Chechnya from 1991 to 1999, more than 21 thousand Russians were killed (not counting those killed during military operations), more than 100 thousand apartments and houses belonging to representatives of non-Chechen ethnic groups were seized, more than 46 thousand people were actually turned into slaves. Their property and passports were taken away with the connivance of the republican and federal authorities
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At that time, the use of the expression “the entry of Russian troops into Chechnya,” according to former State Duma deputy of four convocations and journalist Alexander Nevzorov, was, to a greater extent, caused by journalistic terminological confusion - Chechnya was part of Russia. Even before any decision was announced by the Russian authorities, on December 1, Russian aviation attacked the Kalinovskaya and Khankala airfields and disabled all aircraft at the disposal of the separatists. On December 11, President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin signed Decree No. 2169 “On measures to ensure legality, law and order and public safety on the territory of the Chechen Republic”
Deployment of troops (December 1994)
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In mid-December, federal troops began shelling the suburbs of Grozny, and on December 19 the first bomb attack was carried out on the city center. During the artillery shelling and bombing, many civilians (including ethnic Russians) were killed and wounded[ On March 6, 1995, a detachment of militants of the Chechen field commander Shamil Basayev retreated from Chernorechye, the last area of Grozny controlled by the separatists, and the city finally came under the control of Russian troops . A pro-Russian administration of Chechnya was formed in Grozny, headed by Salambek Khadzhiev and Umar Avturkhanov. As a result of the assault on Grozny, the city was virtually destroyed and turned into ruins.
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Terrorist attack in Budyonnovsk (June 14-19, 1995) The total losses of the Russian side, according to official data, amounted to 143 people (of which 46 were law enforcement officers) and 415 wounded, terrorist losses - 19 killed and 20 wounded
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Terrorist attack in Kizlyar (January 9-18, 1996) The losses of the Russian side, according to official data, amounted to 78 people killed and several hundred wounded.
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Militant attack on Grozny (March 6-8, 1996) The losses of the Russian side, according to official data, amounted to 70 people killed and 259 wounded
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On August 6, 1996, detachments of Chechen separatists numbering from 850 to 2000 people again attacked Grozny. Simultaneously with the assault on Grozny, the separatists also captured the cities of Gudermes (they took it without a fight) and Argun (Russian troops held only the commandant’s office building); the defeat of Russian troops in Grozny led to the signing of the Khasavyurt ceasefire agreements
Operation Jihad (6-22 August 1996)
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Khasavyurt Agreements (August 31, 1996) On August 31, 1996, representatives of Russia (Chairman of the Security Council Alexander Lebed) and Ichkeria (Aslan Maskhadov) signed a truce agreement in the city of Khasavyurt (Dagestan).
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The result of the war was the signing of the Khasavyurt agreements and the withdrawal of Russian troops. Chechnya again became a de facto independent state, but de jure not recognized by any country in the world (including Russia).
Second Chechen War
The date was September 30, 1999 and actually lasted until 2009. The most active phase occurred in 1999 to 2000. Place-Dagestan
Chechnya 1999 7 terrorist attacks 2000 4 terrorist attacks 2001 1 terrorist attack 2002 6 terrorist attacks 2003 terrorist attacks 2004 9 terrorist attacks 2005 1 terrorist attack 2006 2 terrorist attacks 2007 1 terrorist attack 2008 2 terrorist attacks Russia 1999 15 military operations 2000 four large military operations 2001 2 major military operations 2002 1 military operation 2003 no major military operations 2004 2 military operations 2005 4 military operations 2006 7 military operations 2007 3 military operations 2008 2 military operations Progress of the second Chechen War
It was officially called a counter-terrorism operation (CTO) - the common name for military operations on the territory of Chechnya and the border regions of the North Caucasus. It began on September 30, 1999 (the date of the entry of Russian troops into Chechnya). The active phase of hostilities lasted from 1999 to 2000, then, as the Russian Armed Forces established control over the territory of Chechnya, it developed into a smoldering conflict, which actually continues to this day. From 0 o'clock on April 16, 2009, the CTO regime was cancelled. Second Chechen War
June 18 - Chechnya attacked two outposts on the Dagestan-Chechen border, and attacked a Cossack company in the Stavropol Territory. The Russian leadership is closing most of the checkpoints on the border with Chechnya. June 22 - for the first time in the history of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, an attempt was made to commit a terrorist attack in the main building of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The bomb was defused in time. According to one version, the terrorist attack was a response of Chechen militants to threats from the head of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, Vladimir Rushailo, who intended to carry out acts of retaliation in Chechnya. June 23 - shelling from the side of Chechnya at the outpost near the village of Pervomaiskoye, Khasavyurt district of Dagestan. July 3 - V. Rushailo said that the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation “is beginning to strictly regulate the situation in the North Caucasus, where Chechnya acts as a criminal “think tank” controlled by foreign intelligence services, extremist organizations and the criminal community.” Deputy Prime Minister of the ChRI government Kazbek Makhashev stated in response: “We cannot be intimidated by threats, and Rushailo knows this well.” July 5 – Rushailo stated that “early in the morning of July 5, a preemptive strike was launched against concentrations of 150-200 armed militants in Chechnya.” Aggravation of the situation on the border with Chechnya (1999)
July 7 - a group of militants from Chechnya attacked an outpost near the Grebensky Bridge in the Babayurt region of Dagestan. Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation and Director of the FSB of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin said that “Russia will henceforth take not preventive, but only adequate actions in response to attacks in the areas bordering Chechnya.” He emphasized that “the Chechen authorities do not fully control the situation in the republic.” July 16 - Commander of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation V. Ovchinnikov stated that “the issue of creating a buffer zone around Chechnya is being studied.” July 23 - Chechen militants attacked the outpost protecting the Kopaevsky hydroelectric complex on the territory of Dagestan. The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Dagestan stated that “this time the Chechens carried out reconnaissance in force, and large-scale actions by gangs will soon begin along the entire perimeter of the Dagestan-Chechen border.” Aggravation of the situation on the border with Chechnya
August 7 - September 14 - from the territory of the ChRI, detachments of field commanders Shamil Basayev and Khattab invaded the territory of Dagestan. Fierce fighting continued for more than a month. The official government of the ChRI, unable to control the actions of various armed groups on the territory of Chechnya, dissociated itself from the actions of Shamil Basayev, but did not take practical action against him. August 12 - Deputy Head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation I. Zubov reported that a letter was sent to the President of the Chechen Republic of Igor Maskhadov with a proposal to conduct a joint operation with federal troops against Islamists in Dagestan." August 13 - Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin said that “strikes will be carried out on bases and concentrations of militants regardless of their location, including on the territory of Chechnya.” August 16 - President of the ChRI Aslan Maskhadov introduced martial law in Chechnya for a period of 30 days, announced the partial mobilization of reservists and participants in the First Chechen War. Attack on Dagestan
August 25 - Russian aircraft strike militant bases in the Vedeno Gorge in Chechnya. In response to the official protest from the ChRI, the command of the federal forces declares that “reserves the right to strike militant bases in the territory of any North Caucasus region, including Chechnya.” September 6 - 18 - Russian aviation carries out numerous missile and bomb attacks on military camps and militant fortifications in Chechnya. September 11 - Maskhadov announced general mobilization in Chechnya. September 14 - V. Putin said that “the Khasavyurt agreements should be subjected to an impartial analysis”, as well as “a strict quarantine should be temporarily introduced” along the entire perimeter of Chechnya. September 18 - Russian troops block the border of Chechnya from Dagestan, Stavropol Territory, North Ossetia and Ingushetia. Aerial bombing of Chechnya
September 23 - Russian aircraft began bombing the capital of Chechnya and its environs. As a result, several electrical substations, a number of oil and gas complex factories, the Grozny mobile communications center, a television and radio broadcasting center, and an An-2 aircraft were destroyed. The press service of the Russian Air Force stated that “aircraft will continue to strike targets that gangs can use in their interests.” September 27 - Chairman of the Russian Government V. Putin categorically rejected the possibility of a meeting between the President of Russia and the head of the ChRI.
September 30 - Vladimir Putin, in an interview with journalists, promised that there would be no new Chechen war. He also stated that “combat operations are already underway, our troops entered the territory of Chechnya more than once, already two weeks ago they occupied commanding heights, liberated them, and so on” . As Putin said, “we need to be patient and do this work - completely clear the territory of terrorists. If this work is not done today, they will return and all the sacrifices made will be in vain." On the same day, tank units of the Russian army from the Stavropol Territory and Dagestan entered the territory of the Naursky and Shelkovsky regions of Chechnya. October 4 - at a meeting of the military council of the ChRI, it was decided to form three directions to repel attacks by federal forces. The western direction was headed by Ruslan Gelayev, the eastern direction by Shamil Basaev, and the central direction by Magomed Khambiev. October 6 - in accordance with Maskhadov's decree, martial law began to apply in Chechnya. Maskhadov suggested that all religious figures in Chechnya declare a holy war on Russia - gazavat. October 15 - troops of the Western group of General Vladimir Shamanov entered Chechnya from Ingushetia.
October 15 - troops of the Western group of General Vladimir Shamanov entered Chechnya from Ingushetia. October 16 - Federal forces occupied a third of the territory of Chechnya north of the Terek River and began the second stage of the anti-terrorist operation, the main goal of which is the destruction of gangs in the remaining territory of Chechnya. October 18 - Russian troops crossed the Terek. October 29 - November 10 - Battles for Gudermes: field commanders the Yamadayev brothers and the Mufti of Chechnya Akhmat Kadyrov surrendered Gudermes to federal forces. November 16 - federal forces took control of the settlement of Novy Shatoy. November 17 - near Vedeno, militants destroyed the reconnaissance group of the 31st separate airborne brigade (12 dead, 2 prisoners).
November 18 - according to the NTV television company, federal forces took control of the regional center of Achkhoy-Martan “without firing a single shot.” November 25 - CRI President Maskhadov addressed the Russian soldiers fighting in the North Caucasus with an offer to surrender and go over to the side of the militants. December 4 - 7 - federal forces occupied Argun. By December 1999, federal forces controlled the entire flat part of Chechnya. The militants concentrated in the mountains (about 3,000 people) and in Grozny. December 8 - federal forces occupied Urus-Martan December 14 - federal forces occupied Khankala December 17 - a large landing of federal forces blocked the road connecting Chechnya with the village of Shatili (Georgia). December 26, 1999 - February 6, 2000 - siege of Grozny
Chechnya: 3600 killed 1500 wounded Russia: 4572 killed 15549 wounded Losses from 1999 to 2002
Thank you for your attention.
