Presentation on beading techniques. Presentation: Country of beadwork Completed by: students of the beadwork association. Beads in Germany and the Czech Republic

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BEADING METHODS

• Chains;
• Chains with additional rows;
• Openwork mesh;
• Mosaic;
• Spirals and leaves;
• Wings;
• Block method;
• Bulk cords (harnesses)

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HISTORY OF BEADED JEWELRY FROM EGYPT TO EUROPE

Ancient Egypt is considered to be the birthplace of beads, where artificial beads were made from opaque glass for many centuries. In Arabic they were called "busra" (plural "buser"), which is where its current name comes from.

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FROM BYZANTIUM - TO VENICE

Glass art settled in Venice for centuries, without knowing any rivals! Venetian beads flooded the whole world, bringing colossal wealth to the Venetian Republic.

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BEADS IN GERMANY AND CZECH REPUBLIC

Glass production has long existed in Bohemia (present-day Czech Republic). Glass manufacturing technology was borrowed from neighboring countries, but its exceptional transparency, purity and strength brought fame to Czech craftsmen.

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BEADS IN AMERICA, AFRICA, OCEANIA

If we take a look at non-European countries, we will find beadwork among the natives of America, Africa, and Oceania. Beads were also celebrated by the Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas.

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In Africa, in a hot zone where there is almost no clothing, for example in Cameroon, among the Zambezi and Zulu tribes, sacred and ritual utensils are decorated with beads: magical vessels of healers and healers, hats for dancing, magic wands, fantastic thrones on elephant legs...

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HISTORY OF BEAD ART IN Rus'

Since ancient times, glassmaking was known in the territory of Ancient Rus'. A large number of glass crafts and beads from the 9th-13th centuries were found during excavations in Kyiv, Novgorod, Chernigov, Staraya Ladoga and a number of other centers.

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Therefore, M.V. Lomonosov, who mastered the technique of making smalt - colored glass used for mosaic panels, decided to open a factory for the production of beads. The factory was organized in 1754 in Ust-Ruditsa. In 1765, after the death of Lomonosov, the factory was closed.

The main suppliers of beads were Venice, Germany, and the Czech Republic. Purchases of beads were constantly growing.

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BEADS AND BULLEDS IN THE 18TH CENTURY

Bead art began to flourish in Russia in the 18th century. The beautiful and durable material enjoyed success in interior design, was used to decorate palace halls, decorated the life of landowners' estates, and was used in folk costumes and religious objects.

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At the end of the XVIII - XIX centuries. The passion for bead crafts in aristocratic circles was so significant that it became an integral part of the culture and life of Russia.

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The products made by society ladies are truly magnificent. But no less impressive are the beads and pendants, necklaces and collars of peasant women.

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USE OF BEADS AND BULLEDS IN CHURCH DECORATION ITEMS

An independent group consists of religious objects decorated with beads and glass beads. These are icon frames, icons and icons, ribbons on which lamps were hung, and beaded rosaries.

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BEADS AT THE END OF THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

For the last three decades of the 19th century, beads fell into oblivion. This is the time of complete decline of beads as an art.

Among the people, handicraft skills brought over from previous centuries were lost. Beaded artistic works have been preserved only in the outback, where women have not yet lost the custom of decorating their clothes themselves, and in some places in nunneries.

Purpose of the presentation: Introduce children to the history of beads.

Place of use: The presentation can be used in an introductory beadwork lesson for primary school students.

The effectiveness and practical significance of the presentation. With the help of a presentation, you can show and tell children that beadwork is one of the most fascinating types of decorative and applied art, combining simplicity of techniques, accessibility of material and the ability to quickly see the result of your work.

A little history

Just like any mill has its own history, beads have theirs. Its history is closely connected with the emergence of glass making. Yes, yes, glassmaking.

But let's start from the beginning. Until now, no one knows exactly when and where the glass was obtained. There is a legend according to which the Phoenicians (an ancient people, inhabitants of Phenicia) were the first to discover the secret of its manufacture.

The legend says that Phoenician merchants, returning from Africa on a ship loaded with soda, ended up in Syria. They landed on the shore and, deciding to cook their food on the fire, began to look for large stones to place the pot on. Having found nothing, the merchants used large pieces of saltpeter (natural soda) from the ship's cargo for this purpose. Due to the intense heat, the saltpeter melted, combined with the river sand and flowed like a stream of liquid glass.

Glass was invented one way or another, but it is reliably known that Phoenician traders sold products made from it in all Mediterranean countries.

According to another version, the birthplace of glass was Ancient Egypt. Glass beads, amulets, and dishes are found in tombs that date back to the 4th century BC.

By adding natural dyes to the glass mass, the Egyptians obtained glass of blue, green and purple colors. Beads made from such glass were very fashionable. They were worn by both men and women, often with white clothes. At home, Egyptian women did not wear clothes, but decorated themselves with necklaces made of colored beads.

Beads in Russia

Since ancient times, glassmaking was known in the territory of Ancient Rus', this is confirmed by archaeological finds. A large number of glass crafts and beads from the 9th-13th centuries were found during excavations in Kyiv, Novgorod and a number of other centers.

The small beads found, reminiscent of beads of various colors, could well have been locally produced, as evidenced by excavations of glass production workshops with remains of raw materials, semi-finished products, and various crafts, including beads.

Presentation “The Magic Land of Beads”

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Justification of the topic and brief statement of the problem History of beads and its application Planning of work and technology for manufacturing the product Self-assessment

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Justification of the topic and brief statement of the problem

I haven’t been doing beadwork for long, but I really like this type of needlework. I love learning something new, learning new beading techniques, designing and creating jewelry. Therefore, I decided to develop and carry out a project on this topic.

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Target:

Study the history of beads and beadwork. Design and manufacture a product using one of the many beading techniques.

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Story

The history of beads goes back to the distant past. The material, magnificent in its decorative qualities, has attracted the attention of craftsmen since time immemorial. Glass beads - the immediate predecessors of beads - decorated the clothes of the ancient Egyptian pharaohs.

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For several centuries, the only center of bead production in Europe was the Venetian Republic. Before that, it was made in glass workshops in Germany and Gaul, from these places it migrated to Byzantium, and from Byzantium it came to Venice.

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Beads are not ignored in Rus' either. The first information about its use in clothing decoration dates back to the 9th-12th centuries. Burials in Latvia, in which fabric crowns decorated with bronze spirals and beads were found, also date back to the same period.

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The first attempt to create bead production in Russia dates back to the end of the 17th century. In 1670-1680, in the palace village of Izmailovo, with the assistance of Venetian craftsmen, a workshop for its production was organized. But it was not possible to organize mass production of domestic beads. Beads and bugles continued to be imported from abroad.

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The idea of ​​mass production of beads in Russia belongs to M.V. Lomonosov, who in 1754 organized the first factory in Ust-Ruditsy. In 1883, the Ya.B. factory opened in Odessa. Roniger, where the production of high-quality, competitive products was established.

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Beads and glass beads are usually perceived as materials for women's jewelry. But glass grains were also used for interior decoration. So, according to the famous Russian historian I.E. Zabelina: “In 1689, in the room of Queen Natalya Kirillovna, the walls were upholstered with linen and primed with chalk... and sprinkled with glass beads on the green earth.”

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The word "beads" is a general concept. Beads are usually called small round or multifaceted, slightly flattened beads made of various materials - polished glass, crystal, metal, ceramics - with holes for threading. Larger beads are usually called beads. Bugles, unlike beads, are pieces of glass tubes more than 3 mm long. Beads

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“Chopped” beads – cremettes – are distinguished by their square shape. Beads made from painted glass are often called Indian beads. “White inside” is the name given to the white inclusions in the beads, which gives them a special shine. “Red white inside” means that the red bead has white inclusions. These inclusions may vary.

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Some especially beautiful beads have their own names, for example, “rose hips” resembles the color of ripe rose hips. Sometimes proper names are given to beads based on the names of the countries from which they were brought. Thus, beautiful Indian beads are called “Indian corals”.

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Looking back, we see what heights this ancient art has reached in past centuries. But the era of beads is not a thing of the past. The time has come for the revival of this amazing craft!!!

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To make bead products you will need: The beads themselves Needles Threads or fishing line Scissors Fasteners

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Characteristics of materials

Needles. To work with beads you will need special long thin bead needles number 10. Threads. You can use any thread provided that it is strong enough and not very thick. Depending on the product, single-row and double-row clasps are used, which are used for necklaces, and multi-row clasps are used for wide bracelets and necklaces.

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Planning work to manufacture a product

Bank of ideas and proposals. Design analysis. Materials and tools Technological part. Economic part. Safety precautions. The result of the work.

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Bank of ideas and suggestions

Before choosing a technique for making my product, I looked at several types: “Mesh” technique “Fur” technique

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“Free technique” “Lacy tourniquet”

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Idea selection

I decided to make a bracelet using the knowledge of the “Lacy Braid” and “Peyote” techniques

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Design analysis

The product is a beaded bracelet. The bracelet will serve a decorative function. The bracelet will be bright and very beautiful. Not very expensive.

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Bracelet manufacturing technology

Technique “Lacey tourniquet” First you need to measure the thread and tie a knot. Then string seven beads of the main color. Secure the last bead to form a circle.

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“Peyote” technique You need to string eight beads of the main color on a thread. Then add beads of a different color. The first of them remains next to the last bead of the 1st row. String another bead. Having passed the bead of the 1st row, pass the needle through the next one in the row.

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Presentation: Country of beadwork Completed by: students of the beadwork association.

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How did beading develop? To answer this question we took a trip into the past.

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Just as any country has its own history, so do beads. The art of beading has been known to man since ancient times. The history of beading and bead production is as interesting as jewelry made from the beads themselves.

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We have returned to distant times. And they saw that initially the beads did not look quite familiar to modern people: small shells, teeth, grains, small bones acted as beads and beads, which in the hands of the master turned into original jewelry.

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Traveling further, we learned that in North Africa (about 6,000 years ago), Phoenician merchants invented wonderful transparent ingots that were hard as stone, burned in the sun and were clean and transparent like water. This was the first glass.

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The ancient Egyptians learned to make glass 4,000 years ago and began using it as jewelry. They decorated clothes, necks, arms and legs with multi-colored shiny balls. Glass beads - the immediate predecessors of beads - decorated the clothes of the ancient Egyptian pharaohs. At first, the beads were strung on horsehair, then on blades of grass, and later on threads. This is how beadwork was gradually born.

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We further learned that for several centuries the only center of bead production in Europe was the Venetian Republic. The beautiful and durable material was used in interior design, for finishing folk costumes and religious objects; it could be seen in palace halls, in landowners' estates, and village huts.

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Over time, Egyptian glassmakers began to compete with Venetian glass, and Phoenician, Danish, and Dutch beads appeared. Types and forms of beads developed, new production secrets emerged, and bead products gained popularity. The production of beads moved to an industrial basis.

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In the 18th century, bead art became very popular in Russia. Beads are used to embroider clothes, hats, shoes, and make jewelry.

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Now beads have found wide use among fashion designers in finishing women's clothing, and interest in beads has again swept the whole world. Beading has become one of the types of creativity.

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Conclusion: A person always strives to be beautiful. Following folk traditions, many craftsmen in our country create a variety of jewelry of new shapes, patterns, and colors. They are an excellent addition to modern clothing: openwork, lace-like, mesh narrow and wide collars; all kinds of neck chains, twisted cords and many others. You can make a belt for a dress, straps for a sundress, a bracelet and earrings, headbands and much more. These are worthy gifts and doubly pleasant because they are made with your own hands.

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Used literature: Artamonova E. Jewelry and souvenirs made of beads. - M., 1993. Bondareva N.A. Beadwork.-Rostov-on-Don, 2000 Beadwork. Ed.-comp. O.G. Zhukova. - M.: Knowledge, 1998. .Romanova L. A. The magic of beads Internet resources.