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The life of people in the USSR. Life in the USSR: education, culture, everyday life, holidays. Life in the Soviet style

1. In the Soviet Union, hundreds and even thousands of people could drink carbonated water in a machine from one glass. He drank soda, rinsed the glass, put it back. Everyone who lived at that time remembers that even those who think for three very rarely took a faceted glass from a soda machine.

2. In the USSR, we spent most of our free time on the street. These were parks, courtyards of high-rise buildings, sports grounds, rivers and lakes. There were no many ticks in the forests. The lakes were not closed for epidemiological reasons. In villages, up until the early 1980s, children could run barefoot. Broken glass on the streets was a rarity, because all the bottles were surrendered.

3. We all drank from the tap. And in the largest city, and in the most distant collective farm. The sanitary standards in the USSR were such that there was no Escherichia coli, hepatitis bacillus or any other nasty thing in the water supply system.

4. It's scary to think, but in the store the saleswoman served a pie or cake with her hands. Bread, sausage, and any other products were served by hand. Nobody thought about gloves.

5. Many children spent one or two shifts in the pioneer camp, without fail. It was considered good luck to go somewhere to the resort, the main children's camps were an hour's drive from home. But it was always fun and interesting there.

6. We rarely watched TV, compared to today. Usually evenings or weekends: Saturday and Sunday.

7. In the USSR, of course, there were people who almost never read books, but there were very few of them. School, society, and free time encouraged us to read.

8. We didn't have computers and smartphones, so all our games took place in the yard. Usually a crowd of different ages of boys and girls gathered, games were invented on the go. They were simple and not intricate, but the main factor in them was communication. Through games, we became aware of patterns of behavior in society. Behavior was assessed neither by words, nor even by actions, but by their motives. Mistakes were always forgiven, meanness and betrayal, never.

9. Have we been fooled by Soviet propaganda? Suffer from a bloody regime? No no and one more time no. We did not give a damn about all this at the age of 12-14. I remember that each of us looked to the future with undisguised optimism. And those who wanted to serve in the army, and those who decided to become drivers and workers, and those who were going to enter technical schools and institutes.

We knew that there was a place in the sun for each of us.

Childhood, as a rule, is always happy. In the summer it was possible not to dress. We ran in shorts and barefoot. Some of the boys took out a piece of bread with margarine and shouted loudly - forty-one eat one. But if someone shouts ahead - we ask for forty-eight half, we had to share. The salary depended on the industry in which you work. For example, in trade or light industry, it was "light". In the early 60s, after the monetary reform, it was 30 rubles. An engineer, a doctor and a school teacher received in the region of 80-90 rubles. A motorcycle with a sidecar "Ural" or "Irbit" was an unprecedented luxury and one for the whole street. Television sets with lenses went to the propaganda points. TV sets were freely available in the villages, since there was no broadcast at all. For example, TV sets "Enisey-2" or "Record" cost 160 rubles. The program was one and only local from 19 to 23 hours. We went to work on the beeps of the factories. What each had his own. The last, third beep was given already 5 minutes before the start of the shift. According to the Labor Code of 1957, for absenteeism, it was possible to get correctional labor for up to 6 months with a part of the salary withheld and lose the queue for housing. But there was no unemployment. All information boards and pedestals were covered with advertisements - "required, required". The unemployed were enlisted in the category of parasites and sent to forced labor on "construction sites of the national economy." Restaurants, except for the railway ones, were empty.

On the days of pay and advance payment, after the shift, men flowed in streams into pubs. Or they were sitting one by one under bushes in public gardens, discussing their "evil" bosses on a par with foreign policy issues. Sympathized with Partis Lumumba, cursed Eisenhower. There were also ubiquitous boys with string bags of collected empty bottles. We cleaned them of sealing wax, labels and corks. And right there, if they were in time before closing, they were carried to the collection point for glass containers. One bottle - one ice cream or movie ticket. They themselves made ball-bearing scooters, bows, crossbows, hockey sticks, scarecrows and set fires. Leather balls in the yard were rare. We played rubber for 90 kopecks. One game required 2-3 balls, since for some reason they quickly pierced and deflated.

But almost everyone had a bicycle. "PVZ" and "KhVZ" (adults) cost around 50 rubles. Children's "Shkolnik" -28, and "Eaglet" (teenage) with chrome wings - 43 rubles. In the evenings, in the courtyards, the men played dominoes, knocking loudly on the table. They quietly poured into the only faceted glass of fruit and berry for the company. The clatter of the dice grew louder and clearer. Early to work tomorrow. The players at the tables were replaced by young people, discussing urgent matters. The guitar appeared. And someone, drawing the "eight" on the strings, started a song about a meeting in the city garden or at the "fountain in a dark blue dress."

They did not live richly, but not viciously. Everyone in the yard knew each other. It was common to ask a neighbor for salt or bread until tomorrow. As well as to invite the children playing in the yard for dinner. Today we had a snack at one - tomorrow at the other. There were fights, but before the first blood. It was strictly forbidden to beat a lying person. After the first blood (usually from the nose), the fight stopped and everyone became friends again. With a personal showdown, they fought one-on-one in the presence of friends in the yard or in the school class. A judge was chosen, the rules were established. The one who violated the rules was considered early defeated and the fight stopped.

The public holidays on November 7 and May 1 were special. They united the people, rallied collectives. In the columns of demonstrators, children walked with their parents holding a trade union cardboard dove on a stick or a balloon, which remained for him. On the chest each had a gift a commemorative badge on the occasion of the holiday. Sweets were sold from cars in paper bags for rubles. apiece, lemonade and ice cream. This is not counting the fact that such "gifts" were given to all parents according to the number of children they had free of charge at the place of work. There was really a general atmosphere of a common holiday.

I especially remember two cases from my childhood. The first is admission to the pioneers. The excitement was extraordinary. Two of the class were released from admission. One did not come out by age, the other for bad behavior. On that next anniversary of Lenin's birth on April 22, the day turned out to be sunny, but rather cool and windy. We were lined up on the square near the school in shape - white top, black bottom. Obviously, in some shirts and blouses. We covered ourselves with goose bumps and chattered teeth. Someone had snot flowing. But the desire to become a pioneer was stronger than all of this. Then they took us to the cinema, in the foyer of which we were lined up in a half-car. School officials and teachers stood opposite. In chorus they pronounced an oath - "I am a pioneer of the Soviet Union ...". The school pioneer leader called everyone according to the list, tied a pioneer band around their neck and handed over a badge with the image of little Volodya Ulyanov ... Be ready! - she said to the "newly minted". Always ready! - a member of the new communist community answered with pioneer greetings, not yet skillfully raising his hand above his head. Overwhelmed with childhood happiness and the importance of our importance, having matured at once, for some reason we were taken to another club, where they showed a film about the Cuban revolution. Back to school we walked in formation and sang the song "Cuba, my love, the island of the crimson dawn ...". At the same time, everyone quietly looked at his tie. So until the evening and ran in the yard with a tie around his neck, attracting attention with his new status.

The second incident also happened in April. Then the banknotes were new, smelling of paint and they tried not to wrinkle them. The new coins did not even have time to tarnish. On the radio, before the broadcast of Moscow exact time, the familiar callsigns "beep, beep" were already sounded. The spring was early. It was a sunny warm day. Ant grass sprouted on a soft green rug in the dry warm thawed patches. The starlings arranged their nesting boxes, the residents of the houses under the windows laid flower beds under the flowers. The women scraped the winter putty off the window frames and washed the glass with laundry soap. The boys and I played with candy wrappers. And what else to do in early spring in this weather? Suddenly, from some open window, we heard a loud and joyful female voice - listen to the radio, listen to the radio! The astronaut was launched! People began to go out into the street and asked each other again. Someone said that we launched a man into space. Everyone wanted details. They invited me to listen to the TASS report. I ran home and heard this message. It was short. I remembered the name of the cosmonaut and learned that he returned safely to earth in excellent health. What started here! The whole city poured into the streets. They hugged, kissed and congratulated each other. The woman was crying. The men straightened their shoulders. It was a bit like declaring the end of the war in 1945. The unity of the people and pride in the USSR were incredible. In the evening, the men argued in what rank Gagarin flew into space. Either we are old or the captain. Who will fly next and when will they fly to the moon. We discussed in all the courtyards until late at night. I didn’t even suspect how many accordion players there were in the city. There were songs and dances almost until the morning. It was a normal working day, though. Wednesday.

For clarity, some examples of salaries:

1) associate professor (with a scientific degree) - 320 rubles.
2) lieutenant - 230 rubles.
3) judge - 210 rubles.
4) senior teacher (without an academic degree) - 170 rubles.
5) trolleybus driver - 140 rubles.
6) teacher - 132 rubles.
7) an accountant in a bank - 120 rubles.

One ruble:
- a full lunch in the dining room;
- a trip for 100 km by hitchhiking (a penny - a kilometer);
- 33 glasses of lemonade with syrup;
- 50 calls from a pay phone;
- 100 boxes of matches;
- 5 cups of "Plombir" or 10 - milk ice cream;
- 20 trips by trolleybus or metro;
- 4 loaves of white bread (900-1000 grams each);
- 5 liters of draft milk;
- 20 going to the cinema for a day session;
- 2 bottles of good beer (also change);
- 8 packs of bad cigarettes (Pamir);
- by the end of summer it was possible to buy 6 kg of watermelons or 3 kg of melons at the bazaar;
- 5 trips to the men's hairdressing salon or sauna;
- the cost of a daily bed "savage" in the holiday season in the south.

Three rubles:
- lunch for 5-6 persons in a factory or school canteen;
- lunch at a restaurant for one;
- good book;
- a doll or other toy of domestic production;
- a bottle of normal wine (like "Crimean");
- a weekend outing for the whole family, including a snack;
- a pack of imported cigarettes;
- the amount in the child's pocket, at which other children were terribly jealous of him.

Five rubles:
- a kilogram of tenderloin in the market or 2 kilos of meat in a store;
- a bottle of vodka (with a snack);
- almost a monthly rent for a family;
- taxi ride "in style";
- a kilogram of very good sweets.

Ten rubles:
- the amount borrowed before payday, which is not ashamed to remind the borrower;
- universal currency for various household services;
- a huge stick of expensive cooperative sausage;
- an expensive technical or desk toy, such as a toy car or billiards.

Twenty-five rubles:
- a local airline ticket (for example, Leningrad - Moscow: 18 rubles);
- revelry "under the full program" in the restaurant;
- services of an expensive woman.

Fifty rubles:
- teenage bike;
- small pension;
- good student scholarship;
- a trade union voucher to the Elbrus region for 2 weeks - 30 rubles.

One hundred rubles:
- plane ticket to the south (round trip);
- the monthly salary of a poor engineer graduating from a university (more precisely, a salary of 120 rubles);
- a good pension.

*********

They lived modestly, but cheerfully and amicably. During the holidays, after the demonstrations, the whole family gathered with all the closest relatives. There was a table, there was a drink, and there were songs. My brother and I loved listening to songs. My grandmother knew a lot of folk songs and we children listened to these sometimes sad howls about how the driver was freezing somewhere or about love. Then they certainly ran into the courtyard and played there climbing trees, tying ropes and making impromptu swings, and in winter they dug through whole tunnels in the snow and crafted caves. We children were happy. Remembering my childhood, I do not remember frowning faces. In my childhood, I have never seen homeless people lying around drunk or people begging for alms. No one saw grandmothers near the church once. Cartoons and children's movies were rarely shown on TV, mostly only on weekends and on holidays. Therefore, all the children were eager to go outside, there were friends, there were hide and seek, catch-up, leapfrog, baker, blind man's buff, robber Cossacks, sea figure freeze, pioneerball, football, twelve sticks, Moscow hide and seek, a deaf telephone and many other games. Sweets were mainly on holidays, and toys were rarely given, mainly for birthday and New Years. In the spring we ran barefoot through the puddles, and on July 7, we were sure to drench ourselves. And on Saturdays we were shown a movie. There were propaganda sites throughout the city, and on Saturday a projectionist came and showed us a movie for free. When it was getting dark, adults and children took the benches and watched a movie. Parents never frightened us with any maniacs or drug addicts. We didn't even know that there are such people. Ice cream cost 10-15 kopecks. and a ticket to the cinema is 15-20 kopecks. It was a happy childhood.

**************

I remember a March blizzard on a rural school playground. And the faces of people petrified in mourning, on the occasion of the death of the Leader. I remember a scraped wooden table in the corner, lighted with a kerosene stove, and my mother bending over school notebooks with a red pencil in her hand. And the taste of the paste cooked by his father - a broth made of flour pellets, flavored with a teaspoon of vegetable oil. I remember a wooden two-story barrack, day and night shuddering from the railways running nearby. compositions. And the black snow of my childhood from smoking factory chimneys and locomotive soot. Factory beeps in three shifts, in a thoroughly industrial town with its prisoners' barracks and cameras along long corridors that the authorities have transferred to housing for working families. And cottages for the party's asset with housekeepers and the smell of smoked meats. I remember my summer minimum of clothes - a pair of underpants; satin for the street, and twill "on the way out", sewn at home on a typewriter "Podolsk", bought for "maternity". And store shelves filled with canned crabs and pineapples, champagne and aromatic brown sausage strollers. And how we looked at it with wide open eyes. As if it were a pipe dream, munching on a delicious piece of bread smeared with a novelty in the food industry - margaguselin. I remember the childish joy of washing in the city public bath in the "royal" room with a bath and shower. And good luck to touch the shiny car of the factory boss at the checkpoint. I remember bazaar fruits that were inaccessible at prices from visiting Uzbeks. And the taste of my first New Year's tangerine in the inpatient department of gastroenterology. Many hours of queues for bread, two loaves of gray on hand and a bun for children under 5. And, of course, the obligatory kindergarten tablespoon of fish oil before dinner. And that was the USSR too.

*************

I remember that somehow I could not fly from Blagoveshchensk to Moscow in the summer. There were no tickets and people spent the night near the ticket offices. I plucked up my nerve and went to the command post to the pilots. And she asked me to take me to Moscow, I really needed to get there on time. They looked at me as if the moon had fallen. But I really really needed it, my beloved was waiting for me at Domodedovo and even ordered a car for all my salary to Krasnogorsk. I explained everything so honestly. And they took me through the checkpoint and put me in the cockpit. In Novosibirsk, however, the stewardesses helped to change clothes, put on a cap and a shirt, just in case, so that the control would not suspect anything. They didn't even take the money ... And I still don't know how to thank that crew, I'm suffering ...

************

Soon after the events of Daman, I, on an urgent basis, ended up in a regiment that fought off the island from the Chinese. Opposite the checkpoint there were 9 marble tombstones of the soldiers who died there with the nineteen-year-old Hero of the Soviet Union V.V. Orekhov. In the headquarters of the regiment, one of the rooms was equipped as a museum, where, among other exhibits about that "war", according to the established tradition, there was a birch tree from about. Damansky. Sometimes birches were brought by border guards, sometimes they themselves drove for them 70 km. The time was anxious, restless. They quickly got used to training and combat alarms at night. But there were also fighting. We went as if to war. The feeling is indescribable. Complete detachment, and you are no longer you, but a part of the fighting mechanism. Hazing was then. But it never came to assault. One "grandfather" was given 2 years of a penal battalion for making a young soldier-driver pretend to be crawling on cars with a nightstand on his head. And for a fight in the cafeteria, another went to a colony for 5 years under the article "hooliganism". Usually hazing was expressed in forcing him to sew on a collar, to clean his boots or go to the dining room to beg for bread. For refusal, it was possible to get an outfit out of turn, and then, as a rule, they lagged behind. Everyone understood that the border was four kilometers away.

The nature on Dalniy is amazing. Black gnarled branches of trees and bushes against the background of a yellow sky at sunset are so reminiscent of the paintings of Chinese landscape painters! Winter starts late and the snowy hills with red oak groves look absolutely fantastic! Lindens bloom there in June, filling the entire space with the smell of honey. And in the evenings - a powerful frog chorus, comparable in strength to the noise of an aircraft jet engine. Happened at tactical lessons, on command - "flash from the right", you will fall into the grass with your feet to a nuclear explosion, raise your head, and before your eyes there are huge pink peonies ... And the exciting smell of civilian life, tangible with the whole body, every cell, youth ... Oh, where is you, our girls? So many flowers are wasted here!

Already, forty years have passed. Half of them were drawn to those places. There, in the army fraternity. I still dream about the faces of my fellow soldiers, I remember many by their full names. and where they come from. We are with them every day, we counted how much we had left for the demobilization echelon. And the same dream has been dreamed all my life. I served two years, demobilization already. And they persuade me to serve another two years. Stay, stay. Necessary! Stay. I, as it were, in my dream understand that the service is over and, it seems, has long been at home. And I agree. I think next time I will dream of this - I will definitely refuse. And I stay again.

At that time, the army did not give leave to everyone, but as an incentive. 10 days without a road. Come back a day late - penal battalion. Already in my second year of service, I received a business trip order at the headquarters for travel on the railway. and 10 rubles of vacation pay, in addition to the salary. By the 10th day, 14 were added to the road. By train I got to Khabarovsk on my "hard-earned money", and there at the airport on a business trip I took plane tickets home and back, paying one ruble. These were the rules then. And first to Novosibirsk, and then by plane of the local airline. Then there were such. Those who flew from Khabarovsk will take over the airport. On the second floor there is an exit to a long terrace overlooking the take-off field. Here on it I was waiting for my IL-18, every five minutes running to the dispatcher asking if the landing would be soon. Wait, look at the scoreboard, wait, look at the scoreboard. Tolley board gleamed strongly, or my line did not turn on. In general, I missed my Il. I saw it when he started taxiing for takeoff. There was no limit to despair. Return to the unit? It was also possible to exchange a ticket by paying half the cost of the flight. Forty rubles. And there are only 15 of me left. True, the nearest Tu-114 plane left in 30 minutes to Omsk. Omsk is also in my direction, I decided, I will finish, and then I will come up with something. Since the ticket from Novosibirsk to the place was no longer suitable, I jumped out onto the airfield and to Tu. And there the landing was over. The crew are waiting. I go to the stewardess, so they say and so. There were good people then! She hid me under the gangway, let the carriage pass, and then gave me a sign. No, this is where the adventure has just begun. The route is long. We landed in Irkutsk for refueling. And there is snow like a wall. The darkness is pitch-black. All the passengers went to the airport, and I, as an illegal, was ordered not to stick out. Half an hour has passed. My guide boarded with one of the crew members. He looked at my ticket, laughed wildly and said - your Il landed there, go there to your place, they lost you in Khabarovsk. It was lucky that Tu was jet and we already in flight overtook Il, and flew to Irkutsk much earlier. Or maybe that one else sat down along the way. It was October, but they arrived in Novosibirsk before dark. Due to the time difference. An hour later I was already at the city airport, but their working day had already ended. Fortunately, there was also a hotel for its staff. My local plane was supposed to fly at 8 in the morning. Well, he probably flew away. Without me. The lodging house was also worth a ruble. I remember well I had a metal one with a leader's profile. There were only two numbers. And there were no free beds. Well, not on a chair in the corridor ... The castellan took pity on me, or maybe she didn't want to return the ruble and took me to another wing in a room with a single bed. Don't worry, we'll wake everyone up here at 6 in the morning and close until the evening, she assured. Dear mother! Perina, two hefty fresh-smelling down pillows, the cleanest linen! This is not a foam mattress on a hard Sodlat bed. Tolley I lost the habit of such luxury, toli was tired, or worried during the day, but woke up from the bright sun light coming through the window above my head. 11 am! And the grave tishana. We were taught how to dress during the burning of the match. But I broke my personal best in vain. The front door was locked, and there was not a soul in the hotel. True, the watchman soon came to brew some tea. Yes, he confirmed. At six o'clock they all left, but here I am on guard. And the planes are only landing until the evening. Everyone flew away - he added. As if at the station there were only seats left in the compartment. The air ticket was not exchanged. I gave it back. For the last I gave home a telegram and bought two pies with liver for 4 kopecks. a piece. 2 kopecks left. Drive 12 hours at night. He had just settled in his compartment in an empty carriage when a young girl, a conductor, approached and insistently began to offer to take the linen for a ruble. And I have something different from the ruble ... I felt so embarrassed, I was never greedy, and she loses the proceeds from this. I showed her my airline ticket as proof of the story that happened to me. Politely refused to take underwear for free and went out into the cold without an overcoat. Into the vestibule. So all night and stood in his punishment. To your station.

Over the seven decades of its existence, the USSR drank a lot of dashing, but there were times in the history of the Soviet Union that the citizens of the USSR remembered as happy.

Brezhnev stagnation

Despite the negative name of the era, people remember this time with good nostalgia. The dawn of stagnation came in the 1970s. It was a time of stability - there were no major shocks. The stagnation coincided with an improvement in relations between the United States and the USSR - the threat of nuclear war faded into the background. This period is also associated with the establishment of relative economic well-being, which affected the well-being of Soviet citizens. In 1980, the USSR came out on top in Europe and second in the world in terms of industrial and agricultural production. In addition, the Soviet Union became the only self-sufficient country in the world that could develop exclusively thanks to its own natural resources.

It was at the end of the 1960s - the beginning of the 1980s that the peak of the Soviet Union's achievements in science, space, education, culture and sports took place. But the main thing was that people for the first time in the history of the USSR felt that the state was taking care of them.
The apogee of the era was the Moscow Olympic Games, which took place in 1980, and its symbol (and a bad omen) was the Olympic Bear flying away in balloons at the closing ceremony of the Olympics.

Thaw

The forerunner of this era was the death of Stalin in March 1953. The USSR government closed several fabricated cases and thus stopped a new wave of repression. However, the real beginning of the "thaw" can be considered the speech of the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Nikita Khrushchev at the XX Congress of the CPSU, in which he debunked the cult of Stalin. After that, the country breathed more freely, a period of relative democracy began, in which citizens were not afraid to go to jail for telling a political anecdote. This period saw the rise in Soviet culture, from which the ideological shackles were removed. It was during the "Khrushchev thaw" that the talents of poets Robert Rozhdestvensky, Andrei Voznesensky, Bella Akhmadulina, writers Viktor Astafiev and Alexander Solzhenitsyn, theater directors Oleg Efremov and Galina Volchek, filmmakers Eldar Ryazanov, Marlen Gaytsiyev, Leonid Gaytsiyev were revealed.

Publicity

Nowadays it is customary to scold Mikhail Gorbachev, but the period 1989-1991 can be called a benchmark in terms of democracy. Probably not a single, even the most liberal country, had such a level of freedom of speech as the Soviet Union in its last years of its existence - the leaders of the USSR were criticized both from high tribunes and at meetings of millions. In the era of glasnost, Soviet people were literally bombarded with such a volume of revelations about the history of the country in which he lives, which in a matter of months devalued the cult of the October Revolution, Lenin, the Communist Party, Brezhnev and other leaders of the USSR. People felt that a turning point was coming and looked to the future with enthusiasm. Alas, times have come even more difficult.

On the eve of the Stalinist terror

“Life has become better, comrades. Life has become more fun. And when you have fun, work is good ... ”. These words were uttered by Joseph Stalin in 1935 at the First All-Union Conference of Workers and Workers - Stakhanovists. Later, Stalin was accused of cynicism, but there was some truth in the statement of the leader, whose cult was still just beginning to form. After the industrialization carried out in the USSR, by the mid-1930s, the standard of living of citizens improved markedly: salaries rose, the rationing system for food was canceled, and the range of goods in stores increased significantly. The cheerful mood was supported by the Soviet cinema: for example, the comedy "Merry Guys" with Leonid Utesov was filmed in the best traditions of Hollywood. However, the "fun life" ended in 1937, with the beginning of mass repressions.

A wave of enthusiasm after the Civil War

After the end of the Civil War and the restoration of the country, Soviet Russia was gripped by a wave of enthusiasm. The Bolsheviks announced that they were open to all advanced ideas, from psychoanalysis to industrial design. It was during this period that the dawn of the Soviet avant-garde in art, architecture and theater took place. Rumors reached Europe and America that the Bolsheviks were not so bloodthirsty, and most importantly, very advanced. Emigrants began to return to the country, as well as creative people and scientists from all over the world to come to realize their ideas. For them, the USSR has become a real creative incubator, an experimental laboratory.
True, not all ideas were supported by the Bolsheviks: for example, representatives of the most radical directions of psychoanalysis found support in Soviet Russia, and at the same time the whole world of Russian philosophy was forcibly expelled from the country. Most of all at this time, the Orthodox Church was unlucky, which was unleashed by cruel persecution and repression. True, the bulk of the citizens of the USSR supported this campaign against religion. "Everything old had to die in order to reveal it to the dear new."

"Internal emigration" in the late 1960s

In 1964, Nikita Khrushchev was removed from the post of First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee thanks to an organized conspiracy of his "party comrades". With his displacement, the "thaw" ended. Many were waiting for the restoration of Stalinism, but it never happened. Although it was now impossible to speak publicly about the massive Stalinist repressions. During this period, when the entire social informal life came to a standstill, a new trend emerged, which over time swept millions of people - the "hikers' movement". Instead of resting in the Black Sea resorts, Soviet intellectuals packed up their backpacks and set off on long hikes - to conquer mountain peaks, descend into caves, and explore unknown places in the taiga. This was probably the most romantic time in the history of the USSR. Geologist has become a "cult" profession, and mountaineering - a "cult" sport. In just a few years, the USSR has the largest number of people with a category in sports tourism. In large cities, there was practically no family that did not have a tent, kayak and a walking bowler hat. Thus, the Soviet intelligentsia found its ecological niche in “singing with a guitar by a fire in the wilderness”, where there was no pressure from the countless and long-lost communist slogans hung on almost all buildings of the Soviet Union.

How we lived in THE USSR?

People tend to remember in life, basically, only good things. And this is a very useful evolutionary acquisition. Thanks to him, we live like people, and not like angry dogs barking at everything around for no apparent reason. Almost everyone who shares their memories of life in (these are those who were already adults 25 years ago) write that they still have the kindest feelings about that time; evoking a storm of emotions memories of a carefree childhood, first love, ice cream for 9 kopecks, fun student life and many other, of course, pleasant and positive events. Without denying the pleasantness of good feelings and remembering that assessments of the same events can be completely different if analyzed for different purposes, I will try in this article to briefly understand not the feelings that different people caused by different events, but with that, what was the USSR really.

This must be done because today many public and political figures are very persistent, rather even intrusive, praise the USSR, tirelessly repeating that there we had supposedly free education, free medical care; supposedly free housing, free or very cheap vacation; and a lot of everything else, just as tasty, beautiful and also supposedly free of charge. This enemy Zionist propaganda, with all its might untwisted by enemies, is designed primarily for young people, which at one time did not have time to thoroughly consider all the "charms" of the Soviet life arrangement and therefore has to take such clever oracles at their word.

In order to understand what the USSR was like in reality, we need very little:

  • Find out who invented communism and when?
  • Find out why the USSR was created?
  • Find out who received the main benefits from this project?

So let's look for answers to these questions, especially since there is more than enough information for thought today.

Who and when invented communism?

It is generally accepted that two Jews invented communism: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels... In 1848, they published the Communist Manifesto, in which the following lines are highlighted: “The Communists consider it a despicable thing to hide their views and intentions. They openly declare that their goals can be achieved only through the violent overthrow of the entire existing social order. Let the ruling classes shudder before the Communist Revolution ... " However, it is known that these works of "German" philosophers were generously paid.

"Communism is the brainchild of the Jews!"

In 2001, a book by an American historian and publicist appeared in Russia David Duke entitled "The Jewish Question Through the Eyes of an American." The author describes how, while still a schoolboy, he accidentally stumbled upon the truth about the creators of communism in America, while working as a volunteer in the office of a public organization. But he did not believe what was written in the newspapers and decided to check everything himself ... Now he has been for many years speaks the truth loudly about the real role of Jews in many social processes on the planet, ranging from the organization of the slave trade, and ending with wars, revolutions and environmental disasters. Dr. David Duke maintains its website on the Internet (in English) and constantly uploads it on its channel in Youtube video messages dedicated to the next revelations of the subversive role of the "chosen people" on Earth. We translate these small, unique films into Russian and post them on "Sovetnik" and "Molvitsa" ...

"The CPSU was created by the Jews!"

On April 24, 2013, Nikolai Starikov on his website very well described who, how and when established the party RSDLP, which later became known as The Communist Party... You can read about this in the article. The author writes that there is a house-museum in Minsk, in which on March 1-3, 1898 constituent The first congress of the RSDLP (Russian Social Democratic Labor Party - predecessor The Communist Party). All programmatic and other necessary documents of this party were adopted later, at the II Congress in 1903 in London... And this congress was only supposed to create a party. The founders of the future were the following Jewish comrades:

  • Eidelman Boris Lvovich (1867-1939)
  • Vigdorchik Natan Abramovich (1874-1954)
  • Mutnik Abram Yakovlevich (1868-1930)
  • Katz Shmuel Shneerovich (1878-1928)
  • Tuchapsky Pavel Lukich (1869-1922)
  • Radchenko Stepan Ivanovich (1868-1911)
  • Vannovsky Alexander Alekseevich (1874-1967)
  • Petrusevich Kazimir Adamovich (1872-1949)
  • Kremer Aaron Iosifovich (1865-1935)

This is an exhaustive answer to the question: “ who invented communism? "... I repeat, communism was invented by persons of Jewish nationality who have a Jewish religion. Why is this so important? Because this people had the misfortune to be chosen by certain Powers to achieve certain goals. Information about which Forces chose them, and what tasks they set before the Jews, is discussed in detail in the book of the academician Nikolay Levashov .

This is more or less clear. Now - the next question: “ why did they come up with communism?».

This question is answered by Communist Manifesto that the text has turned into "Project of the Communist Creed", written in early 1847 by the merchant's son Friedrich Engels and his partner, the rabbi's son Karl Marx - members of the "Union of Communists", based in. Here is a pertinent quote from the Manifesto: “The history of all hitherto existing societies was the history of the struggle of classes ... Modern bourgeois private property is the last and most complete expression of such production and appropriation of products, which rests on class antagonisms, on the exploitation of some by others. In this sense, the communists can express their theory in one statement: destruction of private property…»

I hope everyone understands that if somewhere private property is destroyed, i.e. is taken away, then in another place (from customers who paid for the work of the authors), it arrives, i.e. increases. Anyone who does not understand this "law of preservation of property" may remember how the Jews carried out privatization in Russia in the early dashing 90s. That's the whole answer. Although, it can be supplemented a little, to expand, so to speak, horizons ...

If you take a closer look at the revolutions organized in France and in other countries, and compare the methodology with modern so-called. "Orange revolutions", then we will see an amazing coincidence! Moreover, communist slogans "Equality, Brotherhood, Happiness" used by the Jews during the organization of the first revolution (coup d'état) in Persia in the 4th century BC! And then - again during the second coup and the robbery of Persia in the 5th century AD. (they then substituted the vizier Mazdak in their place).

Why was the USSR created?

The treaty on the formation of the USSR was signed on December 29, 1922, and the next day, December 30 of the same year, the I All-Union Congress of Soviets promptly and unanimously approved it.

Knowing who and for what purpose created the communist idea and put it into practice, the answer to the question posed can be obtained almost automatically: the USSR was created by the Jews for enslavement followed by robbery and destruction The Russian Empire, the Russian people and subsequently the entire white race on the planet. How the founders of the ideology of communism actually treated the Slavs in general and the Russians and Russia in particular, can be found in the article by A. Ulyanov. Hatred of the highest degree and a wild desire to destroy these "unhistorical", reactionary peoples, standing on the path of the world revolution, as "special enemies of democracy."

It was for this that I came to Russia with a lot of money, with weapons and hired bandits from New York. Leiba Bronstein(Leon Trotsky), on whose conscience there were then millions of ruined lives of Russian people. Money, weapons and bandits were supplied to Leiba by Trotsky, among many others, by his distant relative Jacob Schiff- American banker and pathological Russophobe.

Comrade Bronstein was the ideological enemy of everything Russian and did not hide this, openly expressing the aspirations of his sponsors: “... We must turn Russia into one inhabited by white blacks, whom we will give such a tyranny that the most terrible despots of the East have never dreamed of. The only difference is that this tyranny will not be on the right, but on the left, and not white, but red, for we will shed such streams of blood, before which all the human losses of capitalist wars will shudder and pale ... "

During the civil war, both Americans and Europeans actively helped the chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council Leiba Trotsky. They even sent him a special armored train equipped with the most modern means of communication at the time and many other wonders. This is how Leiba Davydovich himself wrote about this miracle of technology: “… He was a flying control apparatus. A secretariat, a printing house, a telegraph office, a radio, a power station, a library, a garage and a bathhouse worked on the train. The train was so heavy that it had two steam locomotives. Then I had to split it into two trains ... "

Trotsky managed to do a lot during the time that he was actually at the helm of the USSR (Trotsky's Revolutionary Military Council was an organ of power parallel to the Council of People's Commissars of Lenin). And he would have finished his work - until the last Russian if, luckily for us, he had not been stopped Joseph Dzhugashvili(Stalin). Comrade Stalin, having consulted with his other comrades, rightly judged that since they had seized power in Russia, it would be useless to give the country and all the goods to the American and British, and it would be better to try to reign as much as investments in "Revolution" returned, and even with huge percentages.

Stalin and his comrades also had plans to own the world. They strove to create the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of the World ( USSRM). Speaking to the delegates of the V Congress of the Comintern on July 17, 1924, the chairman of the executive committee of the Comintern, Grigory Zinoviev, said: "There is no victory yet, and we still have to conquer five-sixths of the earth's land in order for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to be."... It is clearly seen that the name of the state does not even contain a hint of either national or territorial affiliation. And the goal of this state was quite clearly expressed in the Declaration on its formation, namely: "... it will serve as a faithful bulwark against world capitalism and a new decisive step towards uniting the working people of all countries into the world Socialist Soviet Republic"... The slogan of the USSR was the appeal: "Workers of all countries, unite!"

This is how the country appeared, which will soon be called the USSR, and in which everything leading positions have always belonged to Jews, some of whom were accomplices of a comrade Trotsky(Trotskyists were mostly Jews Sephardim), and some were accomplices of a comrade Stalin(they were mostly Jews Ashkenazi). In order to obtain documentary evidence of who actually led the Union, I recommend reading the wonderful book by Andrey Dikiy "Jews in Russia and in the USSR".

What was wrong in the USSR?

Trotsky's Sephardim were constantly at war with Stalin's Ashkenazi. It was an old war that to the Levites managed to arrange in order to be able to somehow manage their hyperactive fellow tribesmen. And although in 1937 Comrade Stalin thinned the ranks of the Trotskyists slightly, this struggle has not subsided to this day and has a decisive influence on most of the events taking place in Russia. We need to understand well that the USSR created by Jews NOT for russians, but for yourself. In addition, it must be remembered that the Sephardi Trotskyists are still carrying out the task of total annihilation on the planet. And the Ashkenazim do not interfere with this, but only try to make sure that there are enough slaves for them in Russia. Those. in fact, the Russian people are hostile and Trotskyists(Sephardim), and stalinists(Ashkenazi). But the former want to destroy the Rus completely, and the latter agree to leave a little Rus in their service. That's the whole difference between true creators the USSR!

Now let's briefly analyze several specific statements about what and how it was in the USSR, especially since the author lived almost his entire life in and personally observed and was a participant in many things that happened there. Let me remind you that I try to analyze what really happened to us in the USSR, and not what it seems to someone today or what some circles want us to think.

1. Public ownership of the means of production... This is pure water deception(enemy propaganda), because apart from these words, the "general people" never had anything else. There really was such a general phrase in the Constitution, but there was no clarification, what kind of people in the Soviet multinational state is this owner, and nowhere was it spelled out exactly how this national form of ownership is realized. In fact, none of the people had even the slightest opportunity to dispose of any part of the public property, and therefore, in fact, was not its owner or co-owner! KPSS just powdered their brains semi-literate population, masking the fact that the real owner of Russia was, which had long lived under communism, even during the war. So, there was no "public property" in the USSR for anything, and Nikolai Levashov quite rightly wrote that "Socialism is state capitalism, plus a slave system!"

4. Free housing... And this is a shining example of communist ingenuity and Jewish shamelessness! If in the West, almost the entire population has long been buying housing, cars and much more on credit (there are big problems with local credit, because 200-300% is paid for the loan), then in the USSR it was done the opposite is true! The workers received supposedly free housing, but after standing in line for 15-20 years, and in fact paying forward the cost of housing, education, and honey. service, and everything else "free" by their hard work throughout life. So tricky "Free of charge" was in the USSR. And so much was shown and written about the quality of the housing under construction that only the blind-deaf-mute did not know about it. By the way, today housing is being built in almost the same way as it used to be in the Soviet Union. And not because they do not know how, but because they deliberately deceive apartment buyers, trying to save money wherever possible and impossible, starting from the thickness of the walls, and ending with the lack of ventilation, central heating, inferior windows and doors! But the prices for this shame are set as if everything is made of pure gold ...

5. The country's governing system was truly democratic... Many probably remember that the country was called Soviet, i.e. all power was formally concentrated in all possible advice, ranging from township and rural, and ending with the Supreme Soviet. This was done so that the official could avoid personal responsibility for the decisions made: they say, the Council decided so, but "bribes are smooth from it." And the real power was everywhere party organs... A small party god of a regional scale was a real tsar in his domain, but at the same time completely obeyed another god, who was sitting on the floor above; and so on, until the very. And so they lived: decisions were made by some, followed by others, and popular discontent, which very often took place in the USSR, was suppressed by others. Reading newspapers with various Resolutions and Decisions, it was impossible to understand anything, as it is today, and only much later the picture began to gradually become clearer ...

6. Real poverty reigned in the USSR! Of course not everywhere! In the Union, in addition to party secretaries and instructors, the workers of numerous Soviets lived well, and, most importantly, the populous caste of trade workers. More or less the heads of enterprises and organizations, workers of harmful professions and very few artists and writers could make ends meet. And the bulk of the population (percent 90-95 ) made ends meet with great difficulty. For example, my parents were doctors with higher education. But they were honest and decent people and did not stoop to extorting gifts from the sick, i.e. lived on salary... Therefore, I remember that, although we lived very modestly, for many years my mother could not make ends meet with the family budget and constantly borrowed several rubles from neighbors "Until payday"... And this despite the fact that dad never spent money on, because he did not drink because of a stomach ulcer, which he received as a student. People's salaries were extremely low, and with such a system of remuneration, the population was deliberately lowered both professionally, morally and ethically. In order to live more or less bearable, people were forced to "chew"- to steal, i.e. to transgress the Law, to become criminals! By this, the Jewish Soviet government, following the precepts, reduced the speed or even completely stopped the evolutionary development of the population, slowly but surely turning it into a large herd of rams (rams).

7. In the USSR, nepotism and protectionism reigned... It was possible to get to any leadership positions only (!) Under patronage. And the position, relatively speaking, is higher than the head of the housing office, it was possible to get only by Jewish patronage, which non-Jews could never get in principle. The only exceptions are those cases when it was impossible to do without a goy-specialist, when he had to pull all the work on himself. And basically, all any significant positions were occupied by persons of revolutionary nationality. One of the confirmation of this may well be the following example, which I saw for several years in the main building of the Donetsk Polytechnic Institute, in which I happened to study at one time. There, on the long wall near the Rector's office, hung large portraits all former rectors this once highly respected university. And passing by this gallery hundreds of times, I gradually read almost all the names of the “patriarchs”, which, of course, all turned out to be. Then I did not see anything unusual in this, because we were taught internationalism from the cradle. And now, remembering this little touch of my student life, I also remembered that all vice-rectors, all deans and all heads of departments at that time were also Jews and… communists... And then I noticed that the secretaries of district committees, city committees, regional committees, and chairmen of councils of all levels, and all the rest of the "bosses" were either Jews (in most cases), or representatives Semitic peoples(Armenians, Georgians, Chechens and others (over 30 nations)).

8. In the USSR, there was complete lawlessness and total. This was inevitable in conditions when all power was concentrated in the hands of party functionaries who did not bear no responsibility for their actions. Therefore, it was not the Law that reigned in the USSR, but the real tyranny of party secretaries and punitive bodies. And the entire population was forced to submit to this evil will. Because, in case of any disobedience, any person could simply be destroyed, depriving him of his job and, accordingly, his livelihood, or imprisoning him or a psychiatric hospital on trumped-up grounds or even without them. Party bosses were not afraid of anyone or anything, because they diligently performed "Party line", which possessed sufficient forces to quickly neutralize any person or organization. You can get some idea of ​​the level of corruption in the USSR from articles and many others.

9. In science, culture and art almost everything was occupied by Jews. Accurate estimates will surely appear someday, but offhand it can be said that about 90% of all leaders in these areas were Jews. One of the documentary evidence of what has been said is the text of the memorandum of the Agitprop Central Committee of M.A. Suslov "On the selection and placement of personnel in the Academy of Sciences of the USSR" dated October 23, 1950, where by a direct test it is also said that the Academy is sabotaging work in the most important areas ... To clarify the situation with culture, you can read a small article "Russian culture with a Jewish mark". And be sure to read the wonderful books of the real Russian writer Ivan Drozdov, who began his writing career immediately after the Great Patriotic War, and became a victim of the victorious wars of the Jews for Russian literature.

This is not a complete list of what those people who sincerely regret the collapse of the USSR do not know or have forgotten. As Vladimir Putin recently remarked very aptly and accurately: "Whoever does not regret the collapse of the USSR does not have a heart, and whoever wants its revival has no head!" But after all, besides the CPSU, there was also the KGB, there was the Ministry of Internal Affairs, there was the OBKHSS, there was the Army, in which all leadership positions always occupied by people who defended the interests of the ruling, and not of the Russian people. Let us recall at least in August 2008, organized by the United States and Israel: the military leadership of Russia did not dare to resist the Zionists! Vladimir Putin being at that time the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation (President D. Medvedev was then the Supreme Commander-in-Chief), he urgently left the Olympics in China and flew to organize a rebuff to the aggressor! And only then Russia began to fight ... Those who wish will always be able to find themselves a lot of additional and supporting materials on the Web and make sure that there was really slave state, only slavery was organized not as shown in the movies - with chains and shackles, but in a modern way, when slaves consider themselves free people and work independently for the slave owner! ..

Who destroyed the USSR and how?

The USSR was a creation of the Jewish financial mafia, very well performed its functions of keeping a huge country in slavery, and, of course, no one was going to destroy him! The imitation of the confrontation between the "two systems" was necessary to divide the peoples of the planet and inculcate hatred of the peoples of the whole world towards the Russians, whom the Jews presented as creators. And, of course, neither the Sephardim, led by the Rockefeller family, nor the Ashkenazim, led by the Rothschilds, nor the Levites, nor other clans of a higher level. had no plans to destroy the "socialist system", with the help of which a good half of the white race of the planet was kept in slavery ...

Probably, they will argue for more than one decade, and maybe more than one century. If in the first years after the collapse of everything Soviet, many tried to quickly get rid of, then recently there has been an almost opposite trend. Those who were dear to the Soviet Union are trying to preserve what is left of it. For example, yard dominoes or dovecotes. How they lived in a country that no longer exists, recalled the correspondent of the TV channel "MIR 24" Rodion Marinichev.

For a penny, collectors today are ready to give more than one thousand rubles. Although a quarter of a century ago it was an ordinary means of payment. The Soviet ruble is one of the main monuments to a country that no longer exists. Many people still remember the prices by heart, because they have not changed for decades. “The fare was 20 kopecks, and Prima cigarettes were 14 kopecks. Lunch cost fifty kopecks, and you still had 20-30 kopecks left for the cinema, ”recalls Vladimir Kazakov, an expert on numismatics of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation.

The average salary in the USSR during the "developed socialism" is 130 rubles. Those who tried to save kept their money in money boxes, books, underwear, and only then, closer to the 1970s, people began to use savings books more and more often.

In the film "Love and Doves" the Soviet way of life and way of life is shown so truthfully that it is often said about this picture: this is how it was in the USSR. The main character Vasily Kuzyakin, by the way, written off from a real person, has the most popular hobby: pigeons.

The country began to get involved in the breeding of pigeons soon after the Great Patriotic War. The dove is, as you know, a symbol of peace. The hobby turned out to be so serious that dovecotes began to appear in almost every yard. Small dovecote houses were even built according to standard designs. The most avid pigeon lovers built real mansions for them.

In the sleeping Moscow district of Nagatino, Uncle Kolya's exemplary dovecote is almost exotic today. He started construction back in the 1970s, when he returned from the army. He says that in his youth it was not a pity to save money for these birds. If you don't have lunch a couple of times, you will buy a dove. And then you will also compete with the neighboring yard: whose pigeons are more agile. “Earlier, if I saw that the parties were flying, then that's it, we have to raise our own, otherwise the stranger is flying! And all Nagatino is in pigeons, ”Nikolai recalls.

There were enough yard hobbies in the USSR. There was also chess, backgammon and dominoes. Today's knuckle-lovers treat their hobby as a professional sport. Even a special table, such championships are held. In the USSR, Alexander recalls, everything was much simpler. The playing field could be someone's briefcase, a box, or just a piece of plywood. “We played on benches in parks,” says Alexander Terentyev, executive director of the Russian Federation of Dominoes.

Patriarch's Ponds were once a favorite place for dominators, like most of the city's parks. Domino entered life so firmly that they sat down for him at any free moment. For example, at lunchtime. “During working hours, we met, people from other workshops came,” says the 2015 Russian domino champion Alexander Vinogradov.

I had to spend a lot of time in someone's company and involuntarily. Indeed, in the middle of the last century, more than half of the country's population lived in communal apartments. It was sometimes difficult to establish a common life. Writer Vladimir Berezin recalls: as a child, he almost never washed in an apartment.

“Two families lived in a small two-room apartment. The housekeeper of the second family was sleeping in the bathroom on the planks laid. I found a bathing culture that united people of completely different social origins, ”says Berezin.

For the majority of Soviet citizens, it is almost a second home. At least until the end of the 1960s - the era of the Khrushchevs and, albeit small, but separate apartments with all the amenities. Many went to the baths with their gangs and soap. Under the steam in the same company, a worker and a doctor of sciences often met.

Bath attendant with 30 years of experience, Takhir Yanov, remembers well the long lines to the famous Sanduny. Everything has been preserved there since those times. Lovers of the first couple even now come before dawn, as in the Soviet era.

Queues are a special Soviet phenomenon. They arose in the 1920s, then became longer, sometimes shorter, sometimes longer again.

According to the data of the USSR State Statistics Committee for 1985, men spent about 16 minutes on workdays to buy goods or receive services, women - 46. On weekends, even more: men - almost an hour (58 minutes), women - one and a half (85 minutes). In queues, they got to know each other, decided matters, and sometimes even fell in love and dispersed.

“There was a couple in front of me: a guy and a girl. They made such a declaration of love that I even got tired of listening. Finally it was their turn. There they gave something as little as a kilogram or a piece. The girl took over, and the young man took over. And she says: "Bunny, give me the money." He could afford it, and it turned out that he had forgotten the money in the hostel! And this Bunny immediately turned into a "bastard", - recalls the singer Lyubov Uspenskaya.

Singer Lyubov Uspenskaya remembers both childhood hunger years and the Soviet word "blat". She managed to plunge into abundance only in the 1970s, when she left for the West. But, in the end, I realized: I never experienced such joy as in the Soviet Union.

“For the New Year, you will get a Christmas tree, some kind of no, the simplest and most ugly, and what a joy it was to decorate it. And now we do it like an automatic machine, ”says the singer.

A swift farewell to Soviet life began in the 1990s, but many have not broken with it until now. Today it is something like an exotic that not everyone wants to lose.