Space engineering and technology specialty. Space equipment and technologies. Training of scientific and pedagogical personnel in the profile of the department through the magistracy, improving their qualifications
The Department of Space Engineering and Technology was established in 2009 by the order of the Rector of the University. Since its inception, the department has been training specialists in the specialty "050719 - Radio Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications". In September 2012, the specialty "050719 - Radio Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications" was separated from the Department "Space Engineering and Technologies" and a new department "Radio Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications" was created.
Since 2011, the department began training bachelors in the specialty "5B074600 - Space Engineering and Technology" in the Kazakh and Russian languages of instruction. In 2015, the first graduation of bachelors in this specialty was carried out.
Since 2015, the department began training masters in the specialty "6M074600 - Space technology and technology" in the Kazakh and Russian languages of instruction within the framework of the state program GPIIR-2. In 2017, the first graduation of masters in this specialty took place.
The purpose of the department:
ensuring the training of highly qualified specialists with deep theoretical knowledge and the necessary practical skills in accordance with the content of educational programs.
Tasks of the department:
Implementation of educational, educational and methodological work in accordance with the credit technology of education;
Performing research and development work on the profile of the department;
Assistance in the employment of graduates of the department;
Organization and conduct of educational work with students;
Training of scientific and pedagogical personnel in the profile of the department through the magistracy, improving their qualifications.
Mission of the department:
to be the leading scientific and educational department of the ENU, providing research and obtaining advanced knowledge, training for the development of the rocket and space industry, as a priority sector of the economy.
The definition of the mission of the department is due to the fact that the development priorities for a number of years are the integrative features of the research universities of the world:
- confident orientation towards fundamental and applied research in modern technical branches of science;
- reproduction of specialists with an academic master's degree and a PhD degree (from 2020);
- implementation of professional training in areas;
- ensuring the quality of the teaching staff, including by attracting leading scientists of the country and inviting foreign specialists for temporary work;
- careful selection of the contingent of students: holders of the sign "Altyn belgi" and the state educational grant, winners of international and republican subject Olympiads and competitions of scientific projects. High competition among undergraduates and doctoral students is also a factor in the selection of students;
- bachelor's degree:
5В074600 - "Space equipment and technologies"
- magistracy:
6M074600 - "Space equipment and technologies"
Head of the Department of Space Engineering and Technology - Ph.D., Associate Professor Zhakupova Almira Ersainovna
The teaching staff of the department is formed by highly qualified personnel. To date, the department has 18 full-time teachers, of which:
- 11 PhDs
- 3 tbsp. teacher;
- 4 teachers;
The teaching staff of the department actively use modern information technologies and carry out research work related to the priority areas of industrial and innovative development of the economy of Kazakhstan. The results of scientific research of teaching staff are introduced into production and the educational process. On the basis of these works author's courses are developed and the contents of lecture courses, practical and seminar classes are built, diploma works and master's and doctoral dissertations are carried out.
The unexplored depths of the Cosmos have interested mankind for many centuries. Researchers and scientists have always taken steps towards the knowledge of the constellations and outer space. These were the first, but significant achievements at that time, which served to further develop research in this industry.
An important achievement was the invention of the telescope, with the help of which mankind managed to look much further into space and get acquainted with space objects that surround our planet more closely. In our time, space exploration is carried out much easier than in those years. Our portal site offers you a lot of interesting and fascinating facts about the Cosmos and its mysteries.
The first spacecraft and technology
Active exploration of outer space began with the launch of the first artificially created satellite of our planet. This event dates back to 1957, when it was launched into Earth's orbit. As for the first apparatus that appeared in orbit, it was extremely simple in its design. This device was equipped with a fairly simple radio transmitter. When it was created, the designers decided to get by with the most minimal technical set. Nevertheless, the first simplest satellite served as a start for the development of a new era of space technology and equipment. To date, we can say that this device has become a huge achievement for mankind and the development of many scientific branches of research. In addition, putting a satellite into orbit was an achievement for the whole world, and not just for the USSR. This became possible due to the hard work of designers on the creation of intercontinental ballistic missiles.
It was high achievements in rocket science that made it possible for designers to realize that by reducing the payload of a launch vehicle, very high flight speeds can be achieved, which will exceed the space velocity of ~ 7.9 km/s. All this made it possible to put the first satellite into Earth's orbit. Spacecraft and technology are interesting because of the many different designs and concepts that have been proposed.
In a broad sense, a spacecraft is a device that transports equipment or people to the boundary where the upper part of the earth's atmosphere ends. But this is an exit only to the near Cosmos. When solving various space problems, spacecraft are divided into the following categories:
Suborbital;
Orbital or near-Earth, which move in geocentric orbits;
Interplanetary;
Planetary.
The designers of the USSR were engaged in the creation of the first rocket to launch a satellite into space, and its very creation took less time than fine-tuning and debugging of all systems. Also, the time factor influenced the primitive configuration of the satellite, since it was the USSR that sought to achieve the indicator of the first cosmic speed of its creation. Moreover, the very fact of launching a rocket outside the planet was a more significant achievement at that time than the quantity and quality of the installed equipment on the satellite. All the work done was crowned with a triumph for all mankind.
As you know, the conquest of outer space had just begun, which is why the designers achieved more and more in rocket science, which made it possible to create more advanced spacecraft and equipment that helped make a huge leap in space exploration. Also further development and the modernization of rockets and their components made it possible to reach the second space velocity and increase the payload mass on board. Due to all this, the first launch of a rocket with a man on board became possible in 1961.
The portal site can tell a lot of interesting things about the development of spacecraft and technology for all the years and in all countries of the world. Few know what really space research scientists were started before 1957. The first scientific equipment for study was sent into outer space at the end of the 1940s. The first domestic rockets were able to lift scientific equipment to a height of 100 kilometers. In addition, this was not a single launch, they were carried out quite often, while the maximum height of their ascent reached an indicator of 500 kilometers, which means that the first ideas about outer space already existed before the beginning of the space age. In our time, using the latest technology, those achievements may seem primitive, but they made it possible to achieve what we have at the moment.
Created spacecraft and technology required a solution huge amount various tasks. The most important issues were:
- Selection of the correct flight path of the spacecraft and further analysis of its movement. To implement this problem, it was necessary to more actively develop celestial mechanics, which was becoming an applied science.
- Space vacuum and weightlessness have set their own tasks for scientists. And this is not only the creation of a reliable sealed case that could withstand fairly harsh space conditions, but also the development of equipment that could perform its tasks in space as efficiently as on Earth. Since not all mechanisms could work perfectly in weightlessness and vacuum in the same way as in terrestrial conditions. The main problem was the exclusion of thermal convection in sealed volumes, all this disrupted the normal course of many processes.
- The operation of the equipment was also disrupted by thermal radiation from the sun. To eliminate this influence, new calculation methods for devices had to be thought out. Also, a lot of devices were thought out to maintain normal temperature conditions inside the spacecraft itself.
- The big problem was the power supply of space devices. The most optimal solution of the designers was the conversion of solar radiation into electricity.
- It took quite a long time to solve the problem of radio communication and spacecraft control, since ground-based radar devices could only operate at a distance of up to 20 thousand kilometers, and this is not enough for outer space. The evolution of ultra-long distance radio communications in our time allows you to maintain contact with probes and other devices at a distance of millions of kilometers.
- Nevertheless, the greatest problem remained the refinement of the equipment with which the space devices were equipped. First of all, the technique must be reliable, since repair in space, as a rule, was impossible. New ways of duplicating and recording information were also thought out.
The problems that have arisen have aroused the interest of researchers and scientists from various fields of knowledge. Joint cooperation made it possible to obtain positive results in solving the tasks set. Because of all this, a new field of knowledge began to emerge, namely space technology. The emergence of this kind of design was separated from aviation and other industries due to its uniqueness, special knowledge and work skills.
Immediately after the creation and successful launch of the first artificial satellite On Earth, the development of space technology took place in three main directions, namely:
- Design and manufacture of Earth satellites for various tasks. In addition, the industry is engaged in the modernization and improvement of these devices, due to which it becomes possible to use them more widely.
- Creation of apparatus for the study of interplanetary space and the surfaces of other planets. As a rule, these devices perform programmed tasks, and they can also be controlled remotely.
- Space technology is working on various models for the creation of space stations, where it is possible to carry out research activities scientists. This industry is also involved in the design and manufacture of manned spacecraft.
Many areas of space technology and the achievement of the second space velocity have allowed scientists to gain access to more distant space objects. That is why at the end of the 50s it was possible to launch a satellite towards the Moon, in addition, the technology of that time already made it possible to send research satellites to the nearest planets near the Earth. So, the first vehicles that were sent to study the moon allowed mankind for the first time to learn about the parameters of outer space and see reverse side Moon. Nevertheless, the space technology of the beginning of the space age was still imperfect and uncontrollable, and after separation from the launch vehicle, the main part rotated quite chaotically around the center of its mass. Uncontrolled rotation did not allow scientists to do a lot of research, which, in turn, stimulated designers to create more advanced spacecraft and technology.
It was the development of controlled vehicles that allowed scientists to conduct even more research and learn more about outer space and its properties. Also, the controlled and stable flight of satellites and other automatic devices launched into space makes it possible to more accurately and efficiently transmit information to the Earth due to the orientation of the antennas. Due to the controlled control, it is possible to carry out the necessary maneuvers.
In the early 1960s, satellites were actively launched to the closest planets. These launches made it possible to become more familiar with the conditions on neighboring planets. But still, the greatest success of this time for all mankind on our planet is the flight of Yu.A. Gagarin. After the achievements of the USSR in the construction of space equipment, most countries of the world also paid special attention to rocket science and the creation of their own space technology. Nevertheless, the USSR was a leader in this industry, since it was the first to create an apparatus that carried out a soft landing. After the first successful landings on the Moon and other planets, the task was set for a more detailed study of the surfaces of space bodies using automatic devices for studying surfaces and transmitting photos and videos to Earth.
The first spacecraft, as mentioned above, were unmanaged and could not return to Earth. When creating controlled devices, designers faced the problem of safe landing of devices and crew. Since the very rapid entry of the device into the Earth's atmosphere could simply burn it from the heat during friction. In addition, when returning, the devices had to land and splash down safely in a wide variety of conditions.
Further development of space technology made it possible to manufacture orbital stations that can be used for many years, while changing the composition of researchers on board. The first orbital vehicle of this type was the Soviet Salyut station. Its creation was another huge leap for mankind in the knowledge of outer spaces and phenomena.
Above is a very small part of all the events and achievements in the creation and use of spacecraft and technology, which was created in the world for the study of space. But still, the most significant year was 1957, from which the era of active rocket science and space exploration began. It was the launch of the first probe that gave rise to the explosive development of space technology throughout the world. And this became possible due to the creation in the USSR of a new generation rocket carrier, which was able to lift the probe to the height of the Earth's orbit.
To learn about all this and much more, our portal site offers you a lot of fascinating articles, videos and photographs of space technology and objects.
The space industry is one of the priority areas of society's life. The development of space programs determines the economic, scientific and technical, defense power of the state. Space activity becomes one
of the leading sectors of the national economy of our Republic. Space activities include the creation (development, manufacture and testing), use (operation) of space technology and space materials, development and use of space technologies, provision of other services related to space activities, as well as international cooperation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of research and use of space space.
