Presentation on the topic: Art during the Great Patriotic War. Presentation "Art during the Great Patriotic War" at the Moscow Art and Culture Center - project, report We lost friends, relatives, but faith
- The working day of the children standing at the machine lasted 12 hours and was accompanied by hard work, from which their backs went numb, their hands did not obey, and their eyelids closed from fatigue.
- 100 million gymnasts
- 35 million overcoats
- 64 million pairs of shoes
- It will be cold - we will endure it
- If we're hungry, we'll tighten our belts
- It will be difficult - we will endure
- We will endure and win!
- The city is a fortress,
- the city is a hero,
- which the conquerors never entered.
- 900 days of Courage, Will, Strength of Spirit...
- A.F. Pakhomov “To the Neva for water”
- Born in St. Petersburg. She died in Leningrad. After graduating from the Faculty of Philology of Leningrad State University, she worked in Komsomol newspapers. Berggolts became a radio herald for Leningrad besieged by the Nazis, calling for courage from exhausted, starving fellow citizens. Immortal words: “No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten,” said by Olga Berggolts.
- Boim S.S. Water from the Neva.
- Series “Leningrad in the Siege”. 1942.
- A. Pakhomov. "On duty." Lithography. 1942.
- Boim S.S.
- Shelling on Labor Square.
- A. Pakhomov.
- "Prisoned Germans in Leningrad"
- I. Maslennikova
- "Leningrad under siege" 1941
- About the colors of war...
- Ir. Toidze (1941)
- June 24, 1941
- 1941
- 1941
- Bright, intelligible, imaginative posters called for the fight against the enemy, branded cowards, glorified the exploits of heroes at the front and rear, and revealed the true face of fascism. They were topical, full of optimism, deeply in tune with the feelings and thoughts of the city’s defenders. The most popular were sheets of a sharply satirical nature, mercilessly castigating the enemy and dispelling the myth of his invincibility. Artists often received letters. One of them contained the following words: “Looking at your posters, it becomes easier to breathe. We believe that our people are invincible!”
- Mavrina
- A line broken by a bullet.
- Born on January 21, 1919 in Irkutsk. Already at school he tries to write poetry. Then he enters the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Irkutsk Institute, but does not give up writing. He could become a physicist, mathematician, poet.
- But a battle against fascism unprecedented in history is already raging from sea to sea - the Patriotic War has begun, and the young man, without hesitation, becomes a soldier.
- He died at the age of 24 years.
- From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, in response to a statement with a request to be sent to the front, he was sent to the editorial office of the newspaper of the 12th Army of the South-Western direction; enjoyed great popularity among the military. The first of the writers was awarded the Order of the Red Banner; died in 1942 in the Kharkov region, fighting his way out of encirclement.
- War correspondent Joseph Utkin died in a plane crash while returning from the front line in 1944.
- Lieutenant Pavel Kogan, on September 23, 1942, received an order to get into the station and blow up the enemy’s gas tanks... A fascist bullet hit him in the chest.
- A talented poet, student at the Literary Institute, friend of Pavel Kogan, Mikhail Kulchitsky. He died in January 1943 under the walls of Stalingrad.
- Guard Lieutenant Georgy Suvorov was a talented poet. He died on February 13, 1944 while crossing the Narova River.
- "And the song goes to war..."
- “The fire is beating in a small stove”
- " No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten"
- Obelisk near the village of Zhurkovo. This obelisk is the only mention of the village of Barsuki, destroyed along with its inhabitants on March 8, 1943.
- In the center of the village of Myritinitsy there is a memorial complex, which consists of a monument, stele, memorial tombstones, and a worship cross. The sculptor of the monument is Krushinin Alexander Petrovich.
- If a minute of silence is declared for each of the 20 million deaths in the country, the country will be silent... for 32 years!
- 20 million graves over 2.5 thousand kilometers - this means 7.5 thousand killed per kilometer, 15 people for every 2 meters of land!
- 20 million in 1418 days - that means 14 thousand killed daily, 600 thousand people per hour, 10 people every minute. That's what 20 million is!
Art in the years
Great Patriotic War
wars
During the Great Patriotic War it did not weaken
interest in real art. Artists
drama and musical theaters, philharmonic societies
and concert groups contributed to the common cause
fight the enemy. Hugely popular
used by front-line theaters and concert halls
brigades. Risking their lives, these people
their performances proved that the beauty of art
alive that it is impossible to kill her. Among the front-line
The mother of one of ours also performed as artists.
teachers. We present her memories of those
unforgettable concerts.
The poem “Wait for Me” has no special story. I just left for
war, and the woman I loved was in the rear. And I wrote her a letter to
verses..."
Wait for me and I will come back.
Just wait a lot
Wait when they make you sad
Yellow rains,
Wait for the snow to blow
Wait for it to be hot
Wait when others are not waiting,
Forgetting yesterday.
Wait when from distant places
No letters will arrive
Wait until you get bored
To everyone who is waiting together. Front Concert Brigades
During the war years, artists
held for the Soviet
warriors 1 million 350
thousands of performances,
concerts, creative
there were no meetings
one part, wherever
visited the front line
theaters and brigades.
Together with Red
The artists passed through the army
the entire path of the war. Lidiya Ruslanova - front-line artist
theater
Together with his comrades
concert crew almost all this year
I spent on the front lines.
We recently returned from the South-Western
front, and in the coming days I will again
There is a seventh trip to the front ahead.
How much has been experienced during this time.
There were so many different meetings
impressions. I have so many friends now
me on all fronts. It happened so much
see and hear! Music and songs during the war Seventh Symphony by D. Shostakovich LISTEN
The 7th symphony, completed already in evacuation, in Kuibyshev, and there for the first time
performed, immediately became a symbol of resistance of the Soviet people
fascist aggressors and faith in the coming victory over the enemy. So
it was perceived not only in the homeland, but also in many countries around the world.
Brilliant “invasion episode”, courageous and strong-willed themes
resistance, the mournful monologue of the bassoon (“requiem for the victims of war”) with all
its journalisticism and poster-like simplicity of musical language and in its very
In fact, they have enormous artistic influence. "Holy war"
(interesting information)
LISTEN
The history of the creation of one of the most famous songs of the Great Patriotic War is interesting.
On June 24, 1941, the newspapers Izvestia and Krasnaya Zvezda published a poem by V. I. Lebedev Kumach, which began with the words: “Get up, huge country, get up for mortal combat...”
The poem was read in the newspaper by the head of the Red Banner Song and Dance Ensemble of the Red Banner
Army A. V. Alexandrov. It made such a strong impression on him that he immediately sat down to
piano. The next day, coming to rehearsal, the composer announced:
– We will learn a new song – “Holy War”.
Immediately after an intense rehearsal, the ensemble group went to the Belorussky railway station for a performance
in front of the soldiers leaving for the front line. The view of the station was unusual: all the premises were filled to capacity
filled with military personnel.
In the waiting room there was a platform made from freshly planed boards - a kind of stage for
speeches. The ensemble’s artists climbed to this elevation, and doubts involuntarily arose in them:
Is it possible to perform in such an environment? There is noise in the hall, sharp commands, sounds of the radio. Leader's words
who announce that the song “Holy War” will now be performed for the first time, are drowned in a general roar.
But then the hand of Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov rises, and the hall gradually falls silent...
The worries were in vain. From the very first bars, the song captured the fighters. And when the second one sounded
verse, there was absolute silence in the hall. Everyone stood up as if during the anthem. On harsh
Tears are visible on their faces, and this excitement is transmitted to the performers. They all have tears in their eyes too... Song
subsided, but the fighters demanded a repeat. Again and again - five times in a row! – the ensemble sang
"Holy War"
Thus began the song's journey, a glorious and long journey. From that day on, the "Holy War" was taken over
the weapons of our army, of all the people, became the musical emblem of the Great Patriotic War.
FINE ARTS During the Great Patriotic War, it was more important than ever for the leadership of the USSR to seek patriotic feelings in the hearts of the people. The instrument of recovery was the SOVIET PROPAGATION POSTER. The poster and its creators did an excellent job with their task. The posters did not leave indifferent either the ordinary worker, or the soldier, or the rest of the country’s population. Everyone worked for the benefit of the common victory.
N. VATOLINA AND N. DENISOV “DON’T TALK!” From the first days of the war, the theme of vigilance became firmly established in the poster. In June 1941, N. Vatolina and N. Denisov created the poster “Don’t Talk!”, which, thanks to the laconicism of the image and slogan, became the pinnacle of propaganda for the current topic and outlived the time of its creation for many decades. The basis for the poster was the poems of S. Marshak, given on the sheet: “Be on alert, on days like these the walls listen. It’s not far from chatter and gossip to betrayal.” At the same time, the slogan became real folklore: “A chatterbox is a godsend for a spy!” All urban and rural residents were involved in the capture of enemy spies and saboteurs. Leningrad artist A. Pakhomov made the poster heroes of the pioneers, vigilantly guarding their native land from enemies (Guys, defend the Motherland! Track down the enemies, inform the adults!)
D. SHMARINOV “REVENGE” From the poster of the artist D. Shmarinov “Revenge” a woman looks at the viewer. Against the backdrop of a smoky fire, she stands, motionless and terrible in her grief. In her lowered arms is the body of a brutally murdered girl. In the wide-open, tear-filled eyes of the mother there is not only suffering, but also a demand for revenge!
V. KORETSKY “WARRIOR OF THE RED ARMY, SAVE!” During the war, the poster by the artist V. Koretsky “Warrior of the Red Army, save!” became unusually widespread during the war. Repeated many times on plywood boards along front roads, on the walls of houses, on postcards, this poster became a symbol and an oath, awakening in the hearts of the soldiers an ardent desire to defeat the enemy, to save their wives and children from torment and suffering.... A woman holds in her arms a man clinging to her boy. Hair has come out from under the white scarf, eyebrows are drawn together with hatred and pain, and the corners of the lips are drawn down in pain. The child clung tightly to his mother in fear. From the left, diagonally toward the center, the bayonet of a Nazi soldier is pointed straight at the mother’s heart. Not a single unnecessary detail. Even the child’s fist is hidden under a scarf. The figures of the mother and son are shown in a chest-to-chest image, as if floating out of the darkness in the uncertain, wavering light of the conflagration. The merciless fascist bayonet stained with blood and the young mother, ready to cover her son with her body, made an indelible impression. It is no coincidence that the artist Koretsky received hundreds of excited letters from front-line soldiers unfamiliar to him, in which the soldiers vowed to expel the enemy from Soviet soil and free their people from fascist captivity. In this work, Koretsky masterfully used the capabilities of photography in order to give the image the character of true authenticity. He managed to avoid naturalism and excessive detail typical of many photomontages. Laconism, rigor in the selection of expressive means, a stern black and red color scheme, and the enormous power of emotional impact made this poster a significant work of Soviet fine art, unparalleled among wartime posters.
THE MOTHERLAND IS CALLING The Motherland is calling A middle-aged woman with a stern face holds the text of the military oath in her outstretched right hand, her left hand is raised invitingly upward. Her face is unforgettable with tightly compressed lips, with burning eyes point-blank turned towards the viewer. Slightly scattered gray hair, frowning eyebrows shifted to the bridge of the nose, a scarf fluttering in the wind create a mood of anxiety and very clearly define the main idea of the poster. The Motherland calls her sons to fulfill their duty to defend the Fatherland.
P. KORIN “ALEXANDER NEVSKY” The image of Alexander Nevsky, a man of powerful will, deeply devoted to the Motherland, was created by the artist P. D. Korin (1942). “I wrote it,” the artist says, during the harsh years of the war, I painted the rebellious, proud spirit of our people, which “at the judgment hour of its existence” stood up to its full gigantic height.”
D. MOOR “WHAT DID YOU HELP THE FRONT?” Artist D. Moore used the composition of the Civil War period poster “Have you signed up as a volunteer?” under the new slogan: “How did you help the front?” The relevance and effectiveness of the poster was so high that it was reprinted in other cities of the country with the slogan translated into the languages of the peoples of the USSR. The oldest poster artist brilliantly wielded the weapon of satire. Already in the poster “Everything is “G”” D. Moore defined his attitude towards the enemy - to destroy him with a brush and a word.
KOKOREKIN “FOR THE DEFENSE OF LENINGRAD”, SEROV “LET’S DEFEND THE CITY OF LENIN”, BOYM “BEAT THE ENEMY...”. A. Kokorekin’s posters “Breasts to defend Leningrad!” are filled with the pathos of struggle; V. Serov “Defend the city of Lenin”; S. Boim “Beat the enemy, as his fathers and older brothers - the sailors of October - beat him!”
The response to fascist aggression was also the work of V. Ivanov “For the Motherland, for Honor, for Freedom!”; I. Serebryany “Hit harder, son!”; A. Strakhov-Braslavsky “Death to Fascism”;; S. Boim and F. Bochkov “Let’s defeat the fascist raiders!”; D. Shmarinova “The Nazis will not pass!” and others. L. Lissitsky created a wonderful poster “Everything for the front! Everything for victory!”, which was printed after the author’s death in the winter of 1941–1942.
IN SEROV “OUR CAUSE IS RIGHT” The most significant works depicting the defenders of the Fatherland were created in the summer of 1941 by Leningrad artists V. Serov and A. Sitarov. V. Serov conveyed in the poster “Our cause is just - victory will be ours” the determination of an elderly militia fighter to defend his hometown from the approaching enemy.
V. IVANOV “DRINKING WATER FROM THE DNIEPR” After the failures and defeats of the first year of the war, our country also learned the joy of victory. The theme of the Soviet military poster has changed. There were more bright and joyful moods in him, caused by a premonition of an imminent victory, and more and more often there was a call not only to liberate Soviet land from the enemy, but also to bring freedom to the peoples of Europe. Participants in the war remember well the poster by artist V. Ivanov “We drink the water of our native Dnieper.” The Dnieper flows widely and freely through our native land. The predawn sky is flaming in the glow of smoky fires, reflected in the dark and calm surface of the water. In the distance you can see the crossing that the sappers have just established. Tanks and cars move along it in an endless stream to the right bank. In the foreground is a large figure of a Soviet soldier. He scooped up cool Dnieper water, smelling of willow and river freshness, with his helmet, carefully brought it to his mouth and slowly drank it, enjoying every sip. The sincere emotion and lyricism, filial love for the motherland, sounding in this poster, made it a favorite work of the people.
MERIT OF POSTER ARTISTS Posters of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 became our country’s contribution to the treasury of the world artistic heritage of the 20th century. Already during the war years, the Soviet poster was recognized throughout the world as the pinnacle of propaganda art. Despite material difficulties, a reduction in printed publications and a shortage of high-quality paper, the artists were able to “forge a powerful weapon” capable of defeating the enemy without a miss and uniting the forces of the front and rear - the army and the people - for Victory over fascism. Soviet poster artists fulfilled their patriotic duty during the war years, creating a chronicle of struggle and victories remarkable in its artistic and ideological merits, which will never be forgotten by our people.
LITERATURE The Great Patriotic War is a difficult test that befell the Russian people. The literature of that time could not remain aloof from this event. So on the first day of the war, at a rally of Soviet writers, the following words were spoken: “Every Soviet writer is ready to give everything, his strength, all his experience and talent, all his blood, if necessary, to the cause of the holy people’s war against the enemies of our Motherland.” These words were justified. From the very beginning of the war, writers felt “mobilized and called upon.” About two thousand writers went to the front, more than four hundred of them did not return. These are A. Gaidar, E. Petrov, Y. Krymov, M. Jalil; M. Kulchitsky, V. Bagritsky, P. Kogan died very young. Front-line writers fully shared with their people both the pain of retreat and the joy of victory. Georgy Suvorov, a front-line writer who died shortly before the victory, wrote: “We lived our good life as people, and for people.” Writers lived the same life with the fighting people: they froze in the trenches, went on the attack, performed feats and... wrote.
Russian literature of the Second World War period became literature of one theme - the theme of war, the theme of the Motherland. The writers felt like “trench poets” (A. Surkov), and all literature as a whole, in the apt expression of A. Tolstov, was “the voice of the heroic soul of the people.” The slogan “All forces to defeat the enemy!” directly related to writers. Writers of the war years mastered all types of literary weapons: lyricism and satire, epic and drama. Nevertheless, the lyricists and publicists said the first word. Poems were published by the central and front-line press, broadcast on the radio along with information about the most important military and political events, and sounded from numerous improvised stages at the front and in the rear. Many poems were copied into front-line notebooks and learned by heart. The poems “Wait for me” by Konstantin Simonov, “Dugout” by Alexander Surkov, “Ogonyok” by Isakovsky gave rise to numerous poetic responses. The poetic dialogue between writers and readers testified that during the war years a cordial contact unprecedented in the history of our poetry was established between poets and the people. Spiritual closeness with the people is the most remarkable and exceptional feature of the lyrics of the years. Homeland, war, death and immortality, hatred of the enemy, military brotherhood and camaraderie, love and loyalty, the dream of victory, thinking about the fate of the people - these are the main motives of military poetry. In the poems of Tikhonov, Surkov, Isakovsky, Tvardovsky one can hear anxiety for the fatherland and merciless hatred of the enemy, the bitterness of loss and the awareness of the cruel necessity of war. During the war, the feeling of homeland intensified. Torn away from their favorite activities and native places, millions of Soviet people seemed to take a new look at their familiar native lands, at the home where they were born, at themselves, at their people. This was reflected in poetry: heartfelt poems appeared about Moscow by Surkov and Gusev, about Leningrad by Tikhonov, Olga Berggolts, and about the Smolensk region by Isakovsky. Love for the fatherland and hatred for the enemy is the inexhaustible and only source from which our lyrics drew their inspiration during the Second World War. The most famous poets of that time were: Nikolai Tikhonov, Alexander Tvardovsky, Alexey Surkov, Olga Berggolts, Mikhail Isakovsky, Konstantin Simonov
In the poetry of the war years, three main genre groups of poems can be distinguished: lyrical (ode, elegy, song), satirical and lyrical-epic (ballads, poems). During the Great Patriotic War, not only poetic genres, but also prose developed. It is represented by journalistic and essay genres, war stories and heroic stories. Journalistic genres are very diverse: articles, essays, feuilletons, appeals, letters, leaflets. Articles written by: Leonov, Alexey Tolstoy, Mikhail Sholokhov, Vsevolod Vishnevsky, Nikolai Tikhonov. With their articles they instilled high civic feelings, taught an uncompromising attitude towards fascism, and revealed the true face of the “organizers of the new order.” Soviet writers contrasted fascist false propaganda with great human truth. DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR, WORKS WERE CREATED IN WHICH THE MAIN ATTENTION WAS PAID TO THE FATE OF MAN IN WAR. HUMAN HAPPINESS AND WAR – THIS IS HOW YOU CAN FORMULATE THE BASIC PRINCIPLE OF SUCH WORKS SUCH AS “JUST LOVE” BY V. VASILEVSKAYA, “IT WAS IN LENINGRAD” by A. CHAKOVSKY, “THE THIRD CHAMBER” by LEONIDOV. IN 1942, A STORY ABOUT V. NEKRASOV’S WAR “IN THE TRENCHES OF STALINGRAD” APPEARED.
BELARUSIAN LITERATURE A special place in Belarusian literature is occupied by the work of front-line poets, which reveal the themes of courage, feat, sacrifice, patriotism (Alexey Pysin, Arkady Kuleshov) In the poem “Znovu buzdem shchastse mets I will”, Y. Kupala not only expressed faith in an ambulance victory, but also foresaw the time when the destroyed cities and villages would be restored, the cononnade would subside, people would breathe a peaceful sigh: Thus, the day of reckoning is approaching For everything that was endured, For our burnt huts, For our expressed deceits. Let's hope our forests and fields are Hitler's hell, hell is my gang, Knowing will often happen and the will of our own hellish attacks. Let us heal our wounds, let us heal our destroyed lands, and honor our young land with the Holy Apostle. The sun shines on our high palaces, the Yuletide season of the people, how beautiful, beautiful Chervony danced over us.
Partisans, partisans, sons of Belarus! For the nyavla, for the kaydans of the Nazis of the pagans, Unless they brighten up the century. On the ruins, papyals, On the bloody trails of theirs, High brushed their mows, On the meeting of the owl, the ball will be discharged on their cassettes. Give Hitler the vampire a peck, drink the blood; We would be fed up with human fats, we would be fed up with bloody faiths, - Hail the beast of the beast! I expressed my words to the elders, I will tell you what I mean, I will tell you what I mean, I will tell you what I mean, I will say to the elders, I will tell you what I mean, I will tell you what I mean, I will tell you what I mean, I will say to the elders, I will tell you what I mean, I will tell you what I mean, I will say to the elders, I will tell you what I mean, I will tell you what to do, I will tell you what I am saying, I will say to the elders, I will tell you what I am doing, I will say to the elders, I will tell you what I am doing, I will tell you what I am saying, I will say to the elders, I will tell you what I am doing, I will tell you what I am saying, I will say to the elders, I will tell you what I am doing, I will tell you what I am saying to the elders. Y. Kupala addresses the Belarusian partisans in her poem: Partisans, partisans, sons of Belarus! For the nyavla, for the kaydans of the Nazis of the pagans, Unless they brighten up the century. I call you to death, May you have a blessed day, the expression of the people, May they not be traced on our holy land. The value of slaughtered mats, dzetak, Dzedau yours and father's, Covered pallets. Don’t let the bastards lose their strength, Rytse of the magic of magic, Rip out the living veins, Blood for blood, and death for death! Partisans, partisans, sons of Belarus! For the nyavla, for the kaydans of the Nazis of the pagans, Unless they brighten up the century. No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no! i, For us, our kalas. Partisans, partisans, sons of Belarus! For the nyavla, for the kaydans of the Nazis of the pagans, Unless they rise up the century.
MUSIC SHOSTAKOVICH'S SEVENTH SYMPHONY The 7th symphony was created by composer Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich in 1941. The first three parts were written by him in Benoit’s house in Leningrad (finished in August 1941, and the siege of Leningrad began on September 8). The composer created the finale of the symphony, completed in December 1941, in Kuibyshev, where it was first performed on the stage of the Opera and Ballet Theater on March 5, 1942 by the orchestra of the Bolshoi Theater of the USSR under the direction of S.A. Samosud. The Moscow premiere (conducted by S. A. Samosud) took place on March 29, 1942.
PERFORMANCE OF THE SYMPHONY On August 9, 1942, the work was performed in besieged Leningrad. The conductor of the Leningrad Radio Committee orchestra was Karl Ilyich Eliasberg. Exclusive importance was attached to execution. Despite the bombing and airstrikes, all the chandeliers in the Philharmonic were lit. Viktor Kozlov, clarinetist: “Indeed, all the crystal chandeliers were turned on. The hall was lit, so solemnly. The musicians were in such a high mood; they played this music with soul. “The Philharmonic hall was full. The audience was very diverse. The concert was attended by sailors, armed infantrymen, air defense soldiers dressed in sweatshirts, and emaciated regulars of the Philharmonic. The performance of the symphony lasted 80 minutes. All this time, the enemy’s guns were silent: the artillerymen defending the city received orders to suppress the fire of German guns at all costs. Shostakovich's new work shocked the audience: many of them cried without hiding their tears. Great music was able to express what united people at that difficult time: faith in victory, sacrifice, boundless love for their city and country. During its performance, the symphony was broadcast on the radio, as well as over the loudspeakers of the city network. It was heard not only by the residents of the city, but also by the German troops besieging Leningrad. Much later, two tourists from the GDR who found Eliasberg confessed to him: “Then, on August 9, 1942, we realized that we would lose the war. We felt your strength, capable of overcoming hunger, fear and even death..."
ORCHESTRA The symphony was performed by the Great Symphony Orchestra of the Leningrad Radio Committee. During the days of the siege, many musicians died of hunger. Rehearsals were stopped in December. When they resumed in March, only 15 weakened musicians could play. Despite this, concerts began in April. In May, a plane delivered the symphony's score to the besieged city. To replenish the size of the orchestra, the missing musicians were sent from the front. Among the outstanding conductor-interpreters who performed recordings of the Seventh Symphony are Paavo Berglund, Leonard Bernstein, Kirill Kondrashin, Evgeny Mravinsky, Gennady Rozhdestvensky, Evgeny Svetdanov, Carl Eliasberg and others. Memorial plaque in honor of Dmitry Shostakovich in Samara
The Great Patriotic War
in the works of artists
"Great art is born as a result of great natural feeling, and this can be not only joy,
but also with anger."
artist A. Deineka.
I will take revenge for Russian culture,
For every bloody trail on earth,
For every broken sculpture,
A portrait shot through for Pushkin.
June 22, 1941 the war began. And already on June 24, the first poster was pasted on the walls of Moscow houses - a sheet of artists Kukryniksy (Kupriyanov, Krylov, Sokolov) “We will ruthlessly defeat and destroy the enemy!”
It shows Hitler, who treacherously attacked our country, and a Red Army soldier who plunged a bayonet into his head.
Kukryniksy.
“We will mercilessly defeat and destroy the enemy!” (1941).
“The Motherland is calling!” - famous poster from the Great Patriotic War. The artist began work on it at the time of the Sovinformburo message
And in mid-July the poster was already known throughout the country...
"The Motherland is Calling"
Irakli Moiseevich Toid ze.
A military poster is like a shooter: it unerringly hits the target with its appearance and its words.
The poster itself sounds loud. When it comes to a war poster, it’s doubly loud, because it screams (sometimes almost literally). He appeals to feelings.
Mother and son clinging to each other, huddled together as one in front of the bloody fascist weapons. There is horror in the child's eyes, and hatred in the mother's gaze.
V.G. Koretsky. “Warrior of the Red Army, save!”
"Mother of the Partisan"
In 1943
Plastov's painting "The Fascist Flew" on Stalin's instructions, it was exhibited at the Tehran Conference.
According to eyewitnesses, Roosevelt and Churchill were so amazed by this canvas that
what impact did it have?
to their decision
about the opening
second front.
Plastov Arkady Alexandrovich
“The fascist flew by.”
A. A. Deineka “Defense of Sevastopol”
The picture was created hot on the heels of events. The artist painted it in 1942, at the most difficult moment of the war, when Sevastopol was still in the hands of the enemy. Now, many years later, we perceive this painting as a historical epic about the unparalleled heroism of the people who stood up to defend the Motherland.
V.E. Pamfilov. “The feat of A. Matrosov”
Everything was given to us beyond measure -
Love, and anger, and courage in battle.
We lost friends, relatives, but faith
They did not lose their homeland.
The painting “Letter from the Front” by Alexander Laktionov is permeated with sunlight. The artist managed to convey the happiness overwhelming people: the family of the front-line soldier received the long-awaited news from him.
A.I. Laktionov “Letter from the Front”
On November 7, 1942, at the first big exhibition of the war years, Pavel Korin exhibited his
Triptych "Alexander Nevsky".
At Babi Yar
"Behind Barbed Wire"
Before us is a soldier in his advanced years, wearing a tunic, crowned with orders and medals.
This man returned from the front as a 19-year-old boy without both legs.
He needed the courage to live, not to succumb to self-pity, enormous spiritual strength to overcome himself, for the sake of a life worthy of a person. Courage and fortitude, pain and bitterness of a life lived are conveyed by the artist in the gaze of this man.
The whole image is full of true greatness, before which we should all bow our heads.
A.Shilov
“On Victory Day. Machine gunner P.P. Shorin"
Remember! Through the centuries, through the years - Remember! About those, Who will never come again - Remember! As long as hearts are knocking, - Remember. At what cost Happiness has been won - Please remember! Welcome the vibrant spring. People of the earth Kill the war Curse the war People of the earth!
You guys own the future.
But without memory of the past,
Without a sensitive attitude to the heroic history of our people, we cannot take a worthy place in it.
That is why we, adults, are pleased with the war songs, compositions, and drawings you sincerely perform.
Zenkovich V.V. Bouquet in a green mug. 1943
During the harsh war years, it was important not only to supply the front with weapons and food, but also to maintain high morale among the troops. Psychological and ideological support is a powerful weapon of victory, and art played a significant role in this. At that time, every direction was important: painting, cinema, literature, music - all of this contributed to overcoming the power of the invaders.
Frontline creativity
Artists, performers and musicians went to the front, enlisted in the militia and partisan detachments, gave their lives on the battlefields, but did not forget about their creativity. It was at this time that the patriotic theme was more important than ever:
- During the war years, cinema gained enormous popularity. Soviet chroniclers literally worked under bullets, filming unique footage that later became witnesses to world history. Combat film collections were assembled from short films, which were shown both during the war and later.
- It is difficult to overestimate the importance of music in wartime. The Red Banner Song and Dance Ensemble gave concerts at the front; in 1941, the song “Holy War” was performed for the first time at the Belorussky Station. The song “Katyusha” by Mikhail Isakovsky quickly became famous throughout the country. Many fighters wrote letters to her heroine, and many poetic folk versions appeared. Other song masterpieces of that time, such as “Blue Handkerchief”, “Random Waltz” and many others, are still familiar to every Russian. The strongest musical work of the war years was Shostakovich's seventh symphony, completed in besieged Leningrad.
- It is impossible not to note the merits of musical and dramatic theaters. During the war years, more than 4,000 artistic brigades performed at the front, bringing joy, smiles and hope for a quick victory to the soldiers.
Art in evacuation
In the evacuation, far from the front line, the efforts of people of art were aimed at helping the soldiers. At this time, the poster acquired special significance in painting. It was poster art that raised spirits, helped to face the enemy courageously and called for overcoming difficulties. The “Motherland Calls” poster, known to everyone, belongs to Irakli Toidze. He also became the author of a number of masterpieces of poster painting.
Literature was inextricably linked with the front. Many writers and poets took part in the battles, but also those who were evacuated gave all the power of their pens to the struggle for victory. Poems were broadcast on the radio and published in collections. Simonov’s poem “Wait for me” became an expression of the feelings and thoughts of many soldiers who dreamed of returning home.
Military art represents a special layer in Russian culture, because at that time all the creative energy of people was subordinated to common goals - to help the front, raise the morale of Soviet soldiers and protect their native country from invaders.
