Creation

Measures to prevent and eliminate group violations of public order, riots. Riot Prevention

The main efforts of the internal affairs bodies (law enforcement agencies) should be aimed at preventing mass riots. Forceful actions are used only when all other possibilities have been exhausted.

The most effective measures to prevent group violations of public order and riots include:

Deep analysis of emerging political, economic and social tensions, including in interethnic relations, timely informing interested authorities about them;

Collection and compilation of operational and current information about informal organizations whose activities are aimed at promoting the priority and exclusivity of one nation over another. Making proposals to interested bodies on the prohibition of their functioning. Using for the same purpose official warnings to the leaders of such organizations about the inadmissibility of violating laws, about inciting ethnic hatred;

Cooperation with the media to expose extremist movements, associations and their leaders; to explain the measures taken by the authorities and administration to relieve tension in interethnic relations; on the prevention and disclosure of criminal offenses and riots;

Identification and prosecution of persons inciting ethnic hatred, spreading false rumors that could cause group violations of public order, including riots;

Offensive, systematic work to prevent and solve crimes, bring the perpetrators to the responsibility provided for by law;

The choice of organizational and tactical schemes for the actions of the internal affairs bodies to prevent and suppress group violations of public order and riots is carried out taking into account specific circumstances. At the stage of early prevention, the internal affairs bodies solve their tasks using the usual organizational structure, using traditional, conventional forms and methods of work. At the stage of suppression, a special organizational structure (operational headquarters), a special grouping of forces and means (combined detachment) is involved, special techniques and methods of action are applied, including special operations.

The study of domestic and foreign experience in combating riots, analysis of the practice of internal affairs bodies make it possible to propose the following list of measures to improve preventive work:

Establishing direct communication with the teams of enterprises, institutions, organizations, their leaders, leaders of public organizations and informal movements;

Participation in the activities of conciliation commissions, councils of elders, etc. in the event of conflict situations;

Development of cooperation with the media;

Immediate response to statements and reports of citizens, officials, mass media about the facts of inciting ethnic or religious hatred, attempts to put pressure on public authorities and administration, about gatherings of extremist elements, criminal thieves' authorities and other circumstances that negatively affect the operational environment;

Quick and objective response to facts of violations of the law and professional ethics by employees of internal affairs bodies and other law enforcement agencies.

As noted above, group violations of public order and riots, as a rule, come from a spontaneously gathered crowd. When carrying out preventive measures, everything possible must be done to avoid rampant passions and clashes that entail the use of force. Knowledge of the various types of crowd behavior is a necessary element for the implementation of the strategy and tactics of maintaining order.

Experience shows that a crowd of people can appear in two aspects:

a) unorganized crowd- passive. The mutual arrangement of individuals in it is such that they do not react to each other. This crowd is usually submissive, easily controlled;

b) organized crowd consists of individuals who already have a different psychology. Here comes the collective consciousness, which prevails over the sense of personal responsibility. Such a mass of people can become nervous, intolerant, implacable and not afraid of threats.

The tactics of showing confidence is one of the main means of controlling the behavior of the crowd. In this case, the head of the internal affairs body responsible for ensuring public order takes the following actions in accordance with the development of the behavior of the crowd:

Conducts a dialogue with its leaders (informal leaders, organizers), in the course of which he convinces them of the inadmissibility of illegal behavior, warns of responsibility;

Asserts his authority as responsible for public order, tries to inspire respect for himself. At the same time, he must be tolerant of minor disturbances and not provoke a more serious conflict through the use of force;

The method of persuasion, as a rule, allows you to calm a large part of the crowd. But if the method of persuasion has not had its effect, the crowd continues to get excited and behaves threateningly;

Tactical methods of action of forces and means of law enforcement agencies to suppress riots can be divided into contact and non-contact.

With a non-contact method the main thing is the introduction directly into the crowd of special groupings of law enforcement forces in order to separate it, disperse and disperse it. The division of the crowd is carried out in one or more directions into several parts.

When the organizers and active participants in the riots are concentrated in the head of the crowd, it is recommended that separation and dispersal groups (in a column of at least four people) be advanced from two sides at once towards the center of the head of the crowd. When the groups approach and the active participants in the riots separate from the bulk of the crowd, one part of the column blocks the offenders, while the other forces the passive participants into the nearby streets and alleys. Removal groups and their covers are introduced into the formed corridors, which detain violators in the blocked part of the crowd and transfer them to escort groups for delivery to filtration points.

The documentation group fixes the criminal actions of the rioters, collects evidence of their guilt.

It should be borne in mind that the directions for crowding out and dispersing the crowd must be chosen in such a way that it is not driven into a dead end that would prevent its participants from leaving the place of mass disorder. It is necessary to avoid the possibility of individual actions of law enforcement officers or to allow them to become locked in a cycle of "provocation-repression".

non-contact method- this is the impact of law enforcement forces on the crowd at a distance through the use of special technical and other means provided for by law (water cannons, gas clouds, soap suds, sound amplifying installations, rubber bullets, etc.).

In the process of using such means, law enforcement forces displace the crowd in a given direction, disperse and scatter its participants. At the same time, illegal actions are recorded (using film and video recording, photography), documentation and collection of evidence of the guilt of violators and their detention.

The advantage of the non-contact method is that the end result is achieved with fewer losses among the civilian population and law enforcement forces.

The decision to use this or that method of suppressing mass riots should be made taking into account the specific conditions of the current situation and the availability of the necessary number of forces and means.

After the cessation of the riots, it is necessary to organize increased patrolling by law enforcement agencies, to carry out explanatory work among the population about the measures taken to prevent such atrocities.

Drawing a conclusion from the lecture, we can say that the protection of public order and ensuring public safety are of great importance in emergency situations. An emergency situation caused by natural, social, biological, man-made and other phenomena requires the establishment of a special legal regime, under which the internal affairs bodies have to act to maintain this regime.

It is extremely important for services, units and all employees of the internal affairs bodies to act decisively and skillfully in these difficult conditions, ensuring the personal safety of citizens and public safety, while preventing the loss of personnel, weapons, equipment and other material and technical means.

Problem 5.1. Define the term "social group".

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Problem 5.2. What, in your opinion, is the difference between such social roles as a leader and a group leader?

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Problem 5.3. Describe the main styles of team leadership

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Problem 5.4. Write the stages of development of spontaneous mass behavior. Explain these steps with a specific example.

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Task 5.5. Using the diagram, describe the structure of the social group.

Problem 5.6. Think of effective ways to prevent riots, stop panic and spread rumors in the following problem situations.

a) On opposite paths, two irreconcilable groups of football fans are approaching each other. They are walking along one of the central streets of Moscow. A clash of groups can lead to casualties and numerous victims, both from the conflicting "fans" and bystanders;

b) During a rock concert, the scenery caught fire due to a short circuit in the sound equipment. There was a fire on the stage and later the fire spread to the side walls of the auditorium. Panic arose in the public, which consisted mainly of minors;

c) Rumors are circulating among the members of the housing cooperative that their house in a prestigious area of the center of Moscow will be demolished, and in its place the city government plans to build a parking lot for cars in order to “unload” the main highways of the center of Moscow.