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Ancient objects and what they are for. Ancient artifacts that violate the laws of the Bible and world history. Dual and two-handed weapons

Ancient people could not exchange text messages and take glamorous selfies, but despite this, they willingly used flush toilets, chewing gum and cute handbags, just like you and me.

We enjoy a lot of modern technology, but most of the everyday items we use have been around for ages.

An extended list of the most ancient examples of everyday objects has been compiled for you. It is worth noting that these are the oldest surviving objects, many of them existed before, but, alas, there is no evidence of this.

Oldest socks (1,500 years old)


These Egyptian wool socks were created to be worn with sandals. They were tied roughly between AD 300 and 499, but were not discovered until the 19th century.

Ancient Written Recipe (5,000 Years)



The recipe for Sumerian beer was recorded in 3000 BC. Beer according to this recipe turns out to be very strong, and large pieces of bread float on its surface.

Oldest sunglasses (800 years old)



These glasses were found on Baffin Island, Canada. These are snow goggles that were created to protect the eyes from the bright sunlight reflecting off the snow surface.

Oldest human sculpture (35,000-40,000 years old)



Cave Venus is 35,000-40,000 years old and is the oldest sculpture depicting a human figure. A sculpture from a mammoth tusk was found in Germany.

Oldest footwear (5,500 years old)



These are 5500 year old cowhide moccasins. Only the right shoe was found in a cave in Armenia. It is perfectly preserved in sheep droppings and grass.

Oldest musical instrument (40,000 years old)



This is the oldest hawk bone flute found in southern Germany. Some scholars believe that music may have given our ancestors a strategic advantage over Neanderthals.

Oldest Trousers (3300 years old)



The oldest pants were found in Western China.

Oldest flush toilet (2,000 years old)



Ephesus, the ancient city of Turkey, had flush toilets. Running water carried the waste to a nearby river.

Oldest bra (500 years old)


This bra was used between 1390 and 1485 in Austria. There are earlier descriptions of "breast clothing", but no examples have survived.

Oldest prosthesis (3,000 years old)



This 3,000-year-old prosthesis helped an Egyptian to walk again. Tests have shown that such a prosthesis really carried not only an aesthetic, but also a functional load.

Oldest handbag (4,500 years old)



Dog teeth are the only thing left of a half-decayed ancient bag found in Germany. They were probably part of the outer flap.

Oldest condom (370 years old)



Sheep skin condoms, used in 1640 in Sweden. The reusable condom came with instructions in Latin. It had to be washed with warm milk to avoid the risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases.

Oldest chewing gum (5,000 years old)



This chewing gum from Finland was chewed 5,000 years ago. Chewing gum is made up of birch bark and was most likely used to heal mouth infections or as a glue.

Oldest Recorded Melody (3,400 Years)



The recorded melody for the lyre was found in what is now southern Syria.

Oldest coin (2,700 years old)



This coin was found in ancient Ephesus, Turkey. It was decorated with the head of a lion.

The oldest globe (510 years old)



This oldest globe was painstakingly imprinted on the surface of an ostrich egg in Italy. Even before its provenance was established, the egg was sold to the current owner at a map show in London in 2012.

Items are scattered all over the place after the battle.

As you play Diablo III, you will have a wide variety of gear to fall into your hands. Each killed monster with a certain probability will leave behind armor or weapons. Trophies can be stored in each chest and lie under each corpse.

If you see an object on the ground, select it and pick it up. It will sparkle to grab your attention, and for some time you will be able to see its name. So you will know exactly what you are going to acquire.

Equipment and items

Weapon(swords, bows, magic wands, etc.) determines the damage you deal - an indicator of how lethal your attacks are. The higher the damage value, the more likely you will inflict a fatal blow on opponents. By upgrading your weapons, you will kill enemies faster and be able to deliver more serious blows to even the most dreadful creatures invading Sanctuary. The amount of damage dealt can be found in the characteristics section of the character menu (on PC and Mac - the "C" key, on the Xbox 360 and Xbox One - "BACK", on the PlayStation®3 and PlayStation®4 - "SELECT").

Having replenished your arsenal, you can compare the new weapon with the one that is already equipped. To do this, select the weapon in the character menu: a description of the changes that will occur if you equip this item will appear.

Used armor(helmets, shields and armor sets) affects your armor score. Your resistance to impacts depends on it. The higher this indicator, the less damage you will receive. By improving your armor, you will not only look more protected, but you will also almost forget about those attacks that could destroy you instantly. The armor stat can be found in the character menu.

Dual and two-handed weapons

When choosing skills that match your equipment (or vice versa), you often have to face a difficult choice - to use a two-handed weapon, one-handed weapon with an item for the off-hand, or (if you are playing as a monk, barbarian or demon hunter) dual weapon? It all comes down to your character development option and your preferred playstyle.

Below is a list of what you need to consider when making a choice in favor of one or another option.

  • If you choose 2 weapons, then the attack speed will increase by 15%. This parameter increases your damage per second.
  • When using 2 weapons, you hit with each weapon in turn. Damage dealt will be based on the weapon hitting, not the arithmetic average of the weapons. Thus, the damage dealt in one hit will be less than that of a two-handed weapon.
  • Bonuses from each equipped weapon are summed up (for example, if one weapon gives an increase of +20 to strength, and the other - +22 to strength, then in total you will have +42 to strength). Oftentimes, carrying a weapon in each hand will have more bonuses (and more gems to use) than using a two-handed weapon.
  • A weapon in each hand contributes to a higher attack speed. Therefore, you will be able to replenish the resource faster than using a two-handed weapon.
  • When using two-handed weapons, you will be able to deliver much more powerful blows (compared to one-handed). Skills that deal significant weapon damage (for example, 200% weapon damage) will do more damage (including critical). Thus, you can destroy the enemy in a matter of blows.

Generally, dual weapon promotes high attack speed and quick resource replenishment, and also allows you to use more gems and get more bonuses to characteristics. Abilities that can trigger on impact also trigger more often when carrying a weapon in each hand. Two-handed weapon allows for high damage and powerful critical hits. It is also best used with frequent use of area damage skills.

Equipment - basic indicators

Not every weapon or armor suits every hero. As skills are inherent only to certain classes (a sorcerer, for example, will never master the sweeping blows of a barbarian, and a barbarian will not learn to command the undead), in the same way they use only suitable equipment.

Most of the equipment has restrictions on the level of heroes. If the level of your hero is not high enough, you simply will not be able to use certain weapons for the time being. For example, a 3rd-level barbarian cannot fight with an ax that requires 8th-level experience.

In addition, the use of some equipment is determined by the class of the hero. For example, certain types of small arms are suitable exclusively for demon hunters, while powerful heavy weapons can only be handled by barbarians. Each hero has unique equipment suitable exclusively for his class. It is specially tailored to the owner and improves one or more of his skills.

Each piece of equipment has a certain stock strength, which shows how long it will last in battle before it finally breaks down and becomes unusable. From the use of equipment, the level of durability decreases slightly, from the received damage - more, and when a character dies, the durability of all his items is noticeably reduced.

To find out the current and maximum value of the durability of an item, select it in the inventory (displayed as: "Durability: 52/60").

If the durability of an item is zero, its use will no longer have a positive effect. City merchants can repair damaged items - but, of course, not for free.

Item quality

There is another distinctive feature of items that can be noticed even before you pick them up from the ground or buy them from a merchant. The name and type of the item are displayed with text in different colors, which indicates their quality.

  • Regular items - their names are written in white. This is usually the weakest equipment with a minimum level requirement and with a minimum of special properties (or none at all).
  • Magical items - their names are written in blue. They are less common than usual and, as a rule, surpass them in characteristics. Magic items always have at least one special property.
  • Rare items - their names are written yellow... They are not easy to find, but they are usually much more useful. Rare items always have several useful properties.
  • Items from sets- their names are written in green. They are similar to rare ones, but each of them is part of a specific set of equipment (for example: sword + shield + helmet). The use of several items from one set additionally strengthens the character. If you are playing on Torment I difficulty or above, any such item may be part of ancient kit- with incredibly strong performance. Ancient and ordinary items for sets can be easily combined, that is, if you collect a set of items of different ages, you will still receive a bonus from the set. In case of successful completion of the great portal primordial ancient item from the set. Like other ancient items, these powerful pieces of equipment have higher characteristics, but their primary and secondary properties have been selected in such a way as to unleash the full potential of the item.
  • Legendary- their names are written in orange. They are so powerful and so rare that some consider them a myth. So if you are lucky enough to find such an item - rejoice! And if you play on Torment I difficulty or above, any Legendary item dropped by you may be the ancients- with even stronger performance. If you successfully complete the Great Rift Level 70 alone, you will have a chance to get Primal Ancient Legendary item. Like other ancient legendary items, this mythical equipment has higher characteristics, while its main and secondary properties are optimally selected. In general, such items are among the most coveted finds for the heroes of Sanctuary.

Found legendary items and items from sets need to be recognized in order to unlock their additional properties. Finds that you have not yet recognized are marked in your inventory with a question mark. On PC, to recognize an item, right-click on it or use the Book of Cain icon on the minimap: all items in your inventory will be automatically recognized. On consoles, highlight an item in your inventory.

In addition to additional bonuses to the main characteristics, equipment can have other properties - the game has weapons that drain life from enemies, boots that increase running speed, armor that accelerates health regeneration, and items with other mysterious properties.

Consumables

In addition to equipment that will serve you faithfully until you decide to change or sell it, in the game you will find various consumables that will help you survive in Sanctuary. Some of these items can be purchased, while others are rare and can only be found on the battlefield. Here are some examples of consumables:

Potions are mystical liquids that instantly heal you, restoring a certain amount of health depending on their power. There is talk of the existence of more powerful healing potions, which, in addition, have a positive effect on other indicators of heroes.

The magical nature of the potions does not allow you to use them one by one. After you drink one potion, you need to wait a little (the so-called "cooldown") before you can use the next one.

Dyes are used to change the color of your armor. One bottle of dye is consumed for one piece of armor. Thus, to completely recolor your gear, you will need several bottles.

Search for magic items

Magic items are essential to better deal with monsters in Diablo III (especially on high levels difficulties). Therefore, it is good when you find them often and in large quantities. Your search rate for magic items is shown in your inventory.

What does this parameter actually give?

High probability of finding magic items allows you to find things higher quality... Moreover, this applies only to items obtained after defeating the enemy (i.e., this parameter does not in any way affect items obtained from chests, vases, weapon racks, etc.). He also does not affect the quantity items. It is precisely the likelihood that the item will be magical and will be more useful than with a lower parameter value increases.

When an object falls out of a defeated enemy, the game randomly determines the quality of the object, referring to the list with quality options and the number of affixes. In this case, there is a "drawing" for each property, and as a result you get a specific item. The probability of finding magic items just affects the result of these "jokes".

For example, if a monster has a 4% chance of dropping a rare item with six affixes, and your search for magic items is 50%, then the chance of the item dropping increases to 6%.

The quality of items changes as follows:

  • legendary item
  • rare item with 6 affixes
  • rare item with 5 affixes
  • rare item with 4 affixes
  • rare item with 2 affixes
  • rare item with 1 affix
  • magic item

In accordance with the above example, if in the case of a "drawing" an item of higher quality could not be obtained, then the item generator can create an item of a lower quality (and so on in a chain). For example, if an item with 6 affixes could not be obtained, then an item with 5 affixes will be "played", then with 4, etc. The probability of finding magic items affects each such play. If an item with 5 affixes can fall from the same monster with a 10% chance, and your search parameter for magic items is 50%, then the probability of a drop of the specified item increases to 15%.

Triggering

What is triggering? it the effect, which with some probability can be triggered when you hit or use a certain skill. Certain properties of weapons and passive skills can also trigger.

For example, such effects include a weapon property that allows you to knock back enemies. Since this effect has some chance to work, you will not knock enemies back with every hit.

Actuation coefficient determines how often the corresponding effect will be triggered. Many effects are triggered every time you use skills: their trigger factor is 1. A skill with a lower factor with less likely will trigger.

For example, equipping this weapon, you attack one enemy using the Magic Arrow skill (its trigger coefficient is 1). Compare this to the result of using the Energy Vortex skill under the same conditions (its trigger rate is much lower), and you will notice that the knockback is triggered at different rates.

Why reduce the response rate? Some skills, such as Vortex of Energy, hit multiple targets or continue to deal damage over a long period of time, so there are many opportunities for effects to trigger. Skills of this type, designed to deal damage to many targets (area damage), usually have a lower proc rate so that other skills are not inferior to them in efficiency and are no less interesting to use.

Your attention is invited to an article about 30 ancient objects from Everyday life people that have survived to this day.

It is hard to imagine, but many objects from the daily life of a modern person have existed hundreds, or even thousands of years ago. We have prepared a review in which we presented only the most ancient examples of things we are used to that have survived to this day.

However, it is likely that some of the items listed could have appeared much earlier than these dates.

The oldest melody video

The Hurrian Hymn, recorded in cuneiform on a clay tablet, is the oldest recorded melody in human history. An artifact dating back to 1400 BC was discovered in the city of Ugarit (Northern Canaan) in what is now Syria. The melody was sung on the lyre in praise of the wife of the Moon God.

World's Oldest Animation (Age 5000)

The oldest animation in the world - video

The National Museum of Iran houses a 10 cm earthen drinking goblet, which depicts five consecutive scenes of a goat in a circle. First, the animal jumps in the direction of the tree, then eats the foliage from it. By rotating the goblet around the vertical axis, you can see the simplest animation. Scientists date this product to the third millennium BC.

World's Oldest Socks (1500 years old)

These unusual woolen socks of a resident of Ancient Egypt were knitted one and a half thousand years ago, between the three hundredth and four hundred ninety-ninth years from the birth of Christ. Socks were worn specifically for sandals, hence their original appearance. Interestingly, even after one and a half thousand years, these socks look quite competitive against the background of even the most original socks of modern designers.

World's Oldest Shoes (Age 5500)

The oldest leather shoes in the world were discovered in one of the caves in Armenia. Several layers of sheep dung and grass, under which the find was made, served as a preservative. The shoes have been perfectly preserved, having lain in a dry and cool cave for about 5.5 thousand years. It's amazing how much the ancient moccasin resembles some of the modern shoes!

World's Oldest Pants (Age 3400)

In an ancient necropolis in western China, archaeologists have unearthed the world's oldest pants. They are woven of woolen fabric and decorated with intricate ornamentation. The pants probably belonged to some Asian nomad who lived about 3,400 years ago. According to scientists, this find confirms that it was the nomads who first invented pants for comfortable riding on horses.

World's Oldest Bra (Age 500)

This bra was worn in Austria between 1390 and 1485. Although this is the oldest surviving bra, there are earlier descriptions of "breast pouches" in the chronicles. For 500 years, the most original modern bras have gone far from their progenitor, but the first model may well pass for vintage retro classics.

World's Oldest Handbag (4500 years old)

On the territory of Germany, a small handbag was found in a Bronze Age burial dating back to 2500-2200 BC. For thousands of years, the skin and fabric from which it was made have collapsed. Only dog ​​teeth have survived, which probably served as decoration and protection for the purse.

World's Oldest Sunglasses (Age 800)

The inventors of the world's first sunglasses can be considered the Eskimos. "Snow" glasses, as the Eskimos themselves called them, were made of bone, leather or wood. The thin slits in the glasses were designed to protect the eyes from "snow blindness" caused by bright sunlight. The first such glasses, according to scientists, appeared several thousand years ago. The oldest extant specimen was made from "only" walrus bone between 1200 and 1600 AD on Baffin Island in Canada. Of course, ancient glasses do not have the cool functions of modern high-tech sunglasses, but thanks to their simplicity and reliability, they will quietly last for another 800 years.

World's Oldest Condom (Age 370)

The oldest surviving condom was found in Sweden, in the city of Lund. An ancient contraceptive dating back to 1640 was made from pig intestines and could be used multiple times. An instruction in Latin has come down to this day, recommending washing a condom in warm milk after each use. 17th century condoms made from sheep and pork intestines did little to protect against sexually transmitted diseases, so scientists believe they were mainly used to prevent pregnancy. In general, the first mention of the condom dates back to 1564. The Italian physician and inventor Gabriele Fallopio came up with the idea of ​​putting a linen bag soaked in all kinds of chemicals on the male genital organ.

The World's Oldest Gum (Age 5000)

The oldest known gum is a piece of petrified birch resin from the Neolithic era, found in Finland. The gum, which has preserved traces of human teeth from the Stone Age, dates back to the end of the fourth millennium BC. Wood resin contains phenols which have antiseptic properties. Therefore, the ancient people chewed the resin and bark of trees to get rid of diseases of the oral cavity. In addition, tree resin was often used as glue, for example to glue broken pottery.

World's Oldest Cheese (Age 3,600)

In the 20th century, perfectly preserved mummies were found in the Taklamakan Desert in northwestern China, with small lumps of cheese on their chest and neck. Scientists are sure that this cheese was made from sourdough. Similarly, in our time, some types of cheese and kefir are made. Research results have shown that the cheese found dates back to around 1615 BC, making it the oldest cheese on the planet.

World's Oldest Prosthesis (Age 3000)

When studying an ancient Egyptian mummy buried about three thousand years ago, archaeologists found that wooden ones were attached to its right foot instead of missing ones. To confirm their guess, the researchers created an exact copy of the found artifact and tested it with the help of a volunteer with a similar injury. Tests have shown that wooden fingers were used specifically for walking and not for cosmetic purposes. Thanks to them, a person could not only move freely, but also wear sandals, which were the main shoes in Ancient egypt... The scientists' guess turned out to be correct: they managed to find the oldest known prosthesis. Today, when there are even original prostheses for animals, hardly anyone can be surprised by the prosthetics of a part of the foot, however, the appearance of such a prosthesis for three thousand years can be safely called a fantastic scientific breakthrough of that time.

World's Oldest Public Flush Toilet (Age 2000)

In the ancient city of Ephesus, located in Turkey, the oldest public toilet with a flush was discovered. A pit with a drainage system was hidden under the slab with holes for "need". It is noteworthy that a tool resembling an oar was found there. Probably, on hot days, with the help of this paddle, the servants accelerated the cleaning of the toilet pit, pushing its contents towards the drain. It should be admitted that the toilet theme is close to humanity like no other, perhaps that is why it is constantly inventing more and more original public toilets.

World's Oldest Coin (Age 2,700)

The oldest known coin was discovered among the ruins of the same ancient Greek city of Ephesus, once a thriving center of trade on the coast of Asia Minor. The coin was made over 2,700 years ago from an alloy of gold and silver. The metal workpiece was placed on a die with a lion's head cut out, after which the master struck with a hammer on the back of the workpiece. The result was a coin with a raised lion's head on the obverse and an indented impact mark on the reverse.

Oldest Map of the World (2800 years old)

A clay tablet from Mesopotamia, dating back to the turn of the eighth and seventh centuries BC, is considered the oldest map in the world. It is noteworthy that the Babylon map contains not only real, but also fictional geographical objects.

Oldest Globe (Age 510)

In order for the first known globe, which has survived to this day, to have a spherical shape, it was assembled from the wide parts of two ostrich eggs. Then the engraver painstakingly transferred the well-known map of the Old and New Worlds onto the surface of the sphere. Scientists believe that this globe was made in Florence, Italy, possibly even in the workshop of Leonardo da Vinci himself. The first globe is so original that in our time it would not be lost among the most unusual modern globes.

Oldest Typographic Book in the World (Age 637)

The world's oldest printed book appeared in Korea in 1377, a whopping 78 years before the Gutenberg Bible, long considered the first printed edition, to appear. It was a Buddhist document called Chikchi, containing the life stories of the great Buddhist monks and selected passages from their sermons, helping to comprehend the essence of the great teachings of the Buddha. Today this book is in the Paris National Library.

World's Oldest Recorded Recipe (Over 5000 years old)

The ancient Sumerians, who lived in the Southern Mesopotamia, left behind the oldest beer recipe, dating back to 3000 BC. If you follow the recipe exactly, you get a strong beer drink, in which pieces of bread should float.

The World's Oldest Musical Instrument (Age 42,000)

Scientists claim that the bone flute found in a cave in southwestern Germany is at least 42,000 years old. The first musical instruments were made by ancient people from the bones of birds and mammoth tusks. It is believed that it was music that allowed Homo Sapiens to gain an advantage over the Neanderthals.

World's Oldest Anthropomorphic Statuette (Age 35,000 - 40,000)

The world's oldest anthropomorphic figurine has been discovered in a cave in southwestern Germany. Scientists believe that an unknown sculptor carved it from a mammoth tusk about 35-40 thousand years ago. It is believed that the expressive figurine of a woman with grotesquely exaggerated sexual characteristics was used by our ancestors as a symbol of fertility. Of course, this statuette has a huge historical and collectible value, if it were sold, it could well be among the 10 most expensive statues in the world.

Bonus: Oldest Mineral on Earth (4.4 billion years old)

In 2001, a tiny zirconium crystal was found in Australia, which became the oldest mineral on earth. Its age is 4.4 billion years! Currently, it can be seen in the Geological Museum of the University of Madison in the United States.

Sweater

The oldest sweater in the world belonged to a fashionist from Iron Age Europe. Most likely, such clothes were very expensive: the holes were repeatedly darned and the thing, despite its age, is in very good condition.

The dress

One of the oldest robes in the world was found in an Egyptian cemetery 30 kilometers from Cairo. The dress is made of linen, primitive textiles and cord. It is now on permanent display at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.

Whenever we think of ancient objects, many people think of ancient Greek or Roman artifacts: statues, columns, and even jewelry. However, if we start thinking about antiquity within the framework of archeology, a whole new world opens up: what about tools, weapons, or even household items? What was collected, used and stored by people who lived many centuries (or even millennia) ago? Thanks to archaeologists, we know the answers to some of these questions, although we don't even come close to knowing the answers to absolutely everything.

Museums are great places to look at ancient artifacts. Many of the things we see in the larger city museums may be one, two, or even three thousand years old. We look at and admire beautiful jewelry, bowls, plates and hair ornaments and wonder about the people who have used them for a very long time. However, the oldest items on this list tend to be much older than those seen even in museums.

What is the oldest item in history? Are such elusive items usually weapons, tools, or clothing? If you were to travel back in time and see how people lived 5,000, 10,000, and even 25,000 years ago, what objects would you find most entertaining? Knowing how civilization developed, when, who, what, where and how, can tell us about ourselves and about our society. These ten artifacts, which we will tell you about below, are some of the most intriguing and most ancient objects that can shed light on how our ancestors once lived.

10. Decorated German bag: 4500 years old

Found in a grave near Leipzig in Germany, the main material of this bag was leather or textiles, but the material has not stood the test of time. The period of manufacture of this bag ranges between 2500 and 2200 BC. The remains of the bag are held together by decorations that are now firmly anchored in the ground, and were previously fixed to the bag: the teeth of dogs. It turns out that at the time, dog teeth were all the rage and were used to decorate everything from blankets to jewelry. However, the number of teeth on the bag and the intricate pattern indicate the social status of the bag owner. Items of this kind were not buried with just anyone. Archaeologists believe that the owner of this ancient bag was a VIP.

9. Slovenian wooden wheel: 5200 years old


The wheel has long been considered one of the most important human inventions. Without it, modern cars would not exist, like carts, cars and much more. Building something larger than a small house would be nearly impossible without the means to transport large quantities of materials. The most complete wheel and axle ever found was found in the swamps of Ljubljana in Slovenia. Its age dates back to around 3200 BC.

8. Armenian leather boot: 5,500 years old


In Armenia, perhaps before the invention of the wheel, people had to walk on foot. The oldest intact boot was found in a cave filled with treasures of Copper Age artifacts. The boot, made of leather and rubbed with vegetable oil, was laced criss-cross through the holes, just like we lace boots today. Only the right women's shoe of about size 37 was found. It was carefully stuffed with straw to maintain its shape and then buried without its other half. Archaeologists believe that this well-worn boot, perfectly preserved through the centuries thanks to sheep dung, was the pinnacle of shoe craftsmanship, indicating that it was worn by a wealthy individual.

7. Armenian reed skirt: 5,900 years old


The world's oldest skirt was found in the same place as the boot from the previous point - in the Areni-1 cave in Yerevan, Armenia. Pavel Avetisyan, head of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography in Yerevan, said that a fragment of the skirt, which was made of reed, was found during excavations in 2010 in a cave in southeastern Armenia. The age difference between the skirt and the boot, as well as between other items found during these excavations, indicate that this area has been inhabited for centuries. Another find of the same age as the skirt was a mummified goat, and if archaeologists are not mistaken about the age of the find (5,900 years), the age of the goat exceeds the age of the most ancient mummified animals found in Egypt.

6. Copper awl from Tel Tsaf: 7,000 years old


The oldest metal artifact ever found in the region of Israel, near the border with Jordan, was discovered this year. The discovery is of great importance - it was previously believed that the use of metals in this region appeared several centuries later. In addition, the copper from which the awl was made can be traced back to the Caucasus region, more than 965 kilometers away. This indicates that the people who lived in the area were trading everywhere. Their civilization was well developed and they possessed storage facilities capable of storing up to 30 tons of grain. Shiloh was buried with a woman whose age was estimated to be 40 at the time she died and the silo in which she was buried along with the awl indicates that she was considered important. Archaeologists assume that the awl belonged to her, but cannot say exactly what it was used for.

5. Holmegaard elm bows: 8,000 years old

The original sniper did not have the advantage of a telescopic lens. He (or she) had to rely on sharp eyesight, good training, flexible bow and arrows, lightweight and portable. The bow (as opposed to the crossbow) was more popular and the oldest fully preserved bows were found in the Holmegaard region of Denmark. Made from elm, these bows were approximately 170 centimeters long and were found in such good condition that they could be recreated and many have done so. Interestingly, the earliest arrows were found in the same region, but they are 3,000 years older than bows. Bows of that time were made of pine and did not stand the test of time.

4. Jewish stone masks: 9,000 years old


A group of nine stone masks found in the Judean hills of Israel were combined for the original exhibition. The masks are approximately 28 to 30.5 centimeters high. After careful examination, it has been determined that they were worn during important ancestral rituals, probably by early farmers. 9000 years ago, writing did not exist yet and the hunter-gatherer lifestyle disappeared quite recently, leaving new farmers to replace their wandering ancestors. These ancestor masks are believed to be the only evidence that the farmer had ownership of the land - for example, the facial print of his grandfather or great-grandfather showed the facial structure of a family.

3. Spanish map: age 14,000 years


In 2009, the oldest map known to science was discovered carved into hand-sized sandstone. A small stone with engravings of mountains, rivers and even animals was found in a cave called Abauntz Lamizulo in Navarre in northern Spain, in the center of the Basque country. It is believed that the map of the area where the stone was found was used by the Madeleine hunter-gatherers, who were only a few centuries removed from ice age... Landmarking in a rapidly changing landscape was very important to these semi-nomadic people. They may have used the map for navigation or to tell the story of a previous hunt.

2. German flutes made from the bones of birds and mammoths: 42,000 years old


Some researchers believe that our ancestors, Homo Sapiens, outnumbered the Neanderthals in several areas, which is why we survived and they did not. Music may have been one of the ways in which modern man communicated and built society. Carbon analysis has shown that these flutes are between 42,000 and 43,000 years old. They were made from the bones of birds and mammoths and were found in a cave in southern Germany called Geißenklösterle. Try to quickly pronounce the name of the cave three times.

1. South African arrowheads: 64,000 years old


These sharp "geometric" pieces, found in South Africa's Sibudu Cave, were excavated from under a layer of sediment dating back up to 100,000 years. Dr. Lombard, a member of the archaeological team led by Professor Lyn Wadley, studied the pieces under a microscope. Through studies of blood and bone fragments, as well as analysis of how the weapon was damaged, Dr. Lombard concluded that they were not the tips of spears, but the tips of a throwing weapon, that is, arrows. This find pushed the approximate era of the creation of the bow and arrow back by 20,000 years. The arrowheads bore traces of glue made from plant-based resin. Archaeologists believe that glue was used to secure arrowheads to wooden arrow shafts.

Oldowan tools

The most primitive tools of human labor are called Oldowan (Oldowan) due to the fact that they were first found in the Olduvai gorge in Tanzania.
The oldest weapons have been found in Ethiopia. During excavations in the Afar Desert (central Ethiopia) in the Khadar area, tools were found 2.5 million years old. During excavations in the Omo Valley in South Ethiopia, archaeologists have found tools that are about 2.4 - 2.5 million years old. The sites of ancient people were also found here.
Archaeologists consider specific traits processing: stone upholstery from one or two edges, the presence of a shock tubercle, as well as the concentration of tools in places where they could not form naturally.
By the way, here, in Ethiopia, American archaeologists have found a spearhead, the age of which was determined by a little more than a little - at 280,000 years. The tip is made of volcanic glass and is still very sharp.

Spanish petroglyphs

The oldest cave paintings are petroglyphs found in Spain in the El Castillo and Altamira caves. Among the most ancient images are handprints, animal figurines and dots. They are made with coal, hematite and ocher.
Scientists managed to establish the exact age of one of the palm prints, and it turned out that the drawing was 37,300 years old. The age of the large red dot near this figure is even older - 40,800 years.
To determine the age of the drawings, scientists used calcite, which covers the images. The fact is that during the deposition of calcite, radioactive uranium atoms fell into the minerals in the drawings, which form thorium during decay. The scientists used the ratio of elements as a clock of time, and calculated the time of the beginning of the formation of calcite.
True, until now, archaeologists argue who exactly left the drawings - Homo Sapiens or whether they belong to the Neanderthals.

German ancient figurine

The oldest image of a person was found in Germany by the archaeologist Nicholas Conard. This tiny female figurine, carved from the tusk of a mammoth, was discovered in the Hole-Fels karst cave in the Swabian Alb, just a kilometer from the town of Scheelklingen.
Figurine dimensions: 59.7mm X 31.3mm X 34.6mm. Weight - 33.3 grams. The statuette was originally split into six pieces and still lacks an arm and shoulder.
The age of the figurine was determined using radiocarbon analysis, which was subjected to fragments of the remains of the animals next to which it was found. The scatter of the data turned out to be quite large. The statuette is estimated at 44,000 years old.
The author of the find, Konrad, believes that the figurine of a woman belongs to the Aurignacian culture and determines its age as 40,000 years.

Stater Gyges

The oldest coin in the world is the Lydian stater. The coin was gold and weighed 14 grams. Even the historian Herodotus wrote about the Lydians: "They were the first of the people who began to mint coins and were engaged in petty trade."
Stater was minted from 685 to 652 under the Lydian king Gyges, the founder of the Mermnad dynasty. The reverse of the coin depicts a lion representing the capital of Lydia Sarda, and the obverse depicts incomprehensible rectangular symbols.
Later, staters spread throughout the Mediterranean and spread to Persia. On the staters, an image of a running fox appeared, which has a sacred meaning.

Donetsk sundial

Sundial dating from the 13th-12th centuries BC were found in 2011
in the burial ground "Popov Yar II", which is located north-west of Donetsk and belongs to the so-called Srubna culture, whose representatives were the ancestors of the Scythians.
The clock is a carved slab measuring 100 by 70 centimeters, weighing 130 kilograms, with lines and circles on both sides. Unlike ordinary sundials, which use a stationary vertical gnomon, the Donetsk clock was supposed to use a movable gnomon, which took into account the angle of inclination of the Earth's axis. At the same time, the watch was made for use exactly at the latitude at which it was found. Most likely, they belonged to a young man who was buried in a mound.

Antikythera mechanism

The Antikythera mechanism was found in 1900 by the Greek diver Lykopantis among the wreckage of a Greek shipwreck in the Aegean Sea. The artifact consists of several bronze gears fixed inside the pieces of limestone. Scientists using X-rays, and then a tomograph, managed to find out that this is a unique mechanical calculator, with the help of which the ancient Greeks determined the day of the week, year, time, and also calculated the paths of motion of the Sun, Moon, Mars, Venus, Mercury, Saturn and Jupiter ... The reverse side of the mechanism has been used to predict solar and lunar eclipses.
Most likely, the ancient ship came from the island of Rhodes, where the Greek astronomer and mathematician Hipparchus of Nicaea once lived. Coins found at the shipwreck site by Jacques Cousteau indicate that the mechanism was invented around 85 BC. It is believed that the mechanism was invented by Archimedes himself.

Antediluvian Shigir Idol

The oldest wooden artifact was found in 1890 on the territory of the Shigir bog in the Urals in Russia. At the second Kuryinsky mine, prospectors from under a four-meter layer of peat extracted fragments of a mysterious artifact that went down in history as the Big Shigir idol. In addition to him, more than 3,000 other finds were found - from arrowheads to wooden spoons and even the burial of a woman.
The larch idol is well preserved thanks to the peat. Unfortunately, the lower part of it was later lost. The artifact is covered with geometric patterns signifying the elements of nature, faces are carved on wide planes. It is crowned with a three-dimensional image of the head.
Now the idol is kept in the Sverdlovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore. In 1997, it began to deteriorate, and urgent conservation was required. Scientists decided to conduct a carbon analysis of wood. The analysis was carried out at the Institute for the History of Material Culture in St. Petersburg. He showed that the artifact is 9,500 years old. That is, in accordance with the ideas of Christians, it can be created even before the Flood.