Cards

26 spelling in Russian. How to underline spelling (underline vowels and consonants, signs). Spelling "-tsya and -tsya in verbs" - often in this spelling, children make mistakes because they cannot correctly pose the question

Exercises for all types of spelling

Prepared by: teacher of Russian language and literature

MBOU "Lyceum No. 94"

urban district of Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan

Yagudina Alla Gennadievna

2. Alternating vowels at the root of a word
3. Vowels after hissing and C
4. Spelling of consonants in the root. (Doubtful and unpronounceable)
5. Separating b and b. Y-I after C
6. Spelling prefixes
7. Suffixes of nouns
8. Endings of adjectives and participles
9. Spelling compound words
10. Spelling of numerals
11. Spelling of negative and indefinite pronouns
12. Spelling verbs
13. Softening and shaping b
14. Spelling of the vowel at the end of imperative verbs
15. Spelling b
16, 17. Spelling of participle suffixes
18, 19. H-HH in various parts of speech
20. Continuous, separate, hyphenated spelling of words
21. Spelling of particles NOT and NI
22. NOT with different parts of speech

It’s ... rya unfolding, it’s time ... to get in with the house, an experienced swimmer ... to ... join the stove, pl ... a great rest house, to touch ... to knowledge, to solve the level of ... understanding, the ot ... sl of industry, the young pore ... sl , get up ... get on your feet, prompt ... go to the house, charge ... become grass, prom ... whip what is written, expound ... live on paper, expound ... material, engage in ... sequestration, blotting paper, bounce ... from the fire, burnt ... scorched milk, put into practice, a brightly heated fire, a steppe river ... vnina, illuminated by flames.

Write off, insert missing letters, explain spelling

Twisted thread, thin twine…wka, cheap sale, silk scarf, burnt sugar, desperate girl…nka, skillful well…ngler, paved w…se, canvas…wah shirt, pork carcass…nka, abroad ... m, enjoy the landscape ... m, kumach ... vay dawn, night ... vka in the field,
Wrestler competitions ... in, dance ... howl a Cossack, glossy ... wai paper, deal with the end ... m, touch your finger ... m, dance ... until you drop.

Write off, insert missing letters, explain spelling

Re ... cue wind, sticky ... paper, hy ... cue hose, small ... cue shooter, smooth ... surface, ha ... cue duck, ro ... some behavior, slick ... cue sand, then ... some kind of swamp, liquid ... cue solution, at ... ka path, soft ... cue bread.
Woody…review, honest…answer, simple…words, crossfire, virus…flu, sailing…sports, hour…face, sidelong…eyes, squint…brain, reeds…thickets, send a letter, send a bed.

Write off, insert missing letters, explain spelling

C...anist potassium, c...cry rhythm, c...lindrical figure, c...native phrase, c...coffin program, sisters...we are friends, foxes...n tail, c...panty crops, fragrant acacia...I, festive illuminations...I, national project, c...beach down, c...frovoy set, on the c...kidneys.

Write off, insert missing letters, explain spelling

Successor to the director, succession in work, impenetrable stronghold, pr...old relative, incessant quarrels, pr...endure humiliation, pr...endure hardships, hunters love pr...lie, pr...be in ignorance, pr... … be on time, pr… bizarre plants.
Be...protective being, be...end ribbon, be...joyful hour, to...resurrect from the dead, to...lead a delegation, a deputy, and...spoil a thing, and...make a decision,...run away.

Write off, insert missing letters, explain spelling

Kolosoch ... to, voice ... to. bell ... k, key ... k, lump ... k. bag ... k, shed ... k, dispute ... hic, cargo ... hic, cart ... hic, advice ... ita, deceit ... hic, census ... hic, sonny ... k, chick ... k.
Van ... chka, time ... chko, shower ... chka, Zo ... chka, them ... chko, book ... chka, baby ... chka, le ... chka, scissor ... chka, nanny ... chka, Ol ... chka, Pet ... chka, stove ... chka, buttons ... chka, sem ... chko, Son ... chka, sit ... chko, striving ... chko, so ... chko.

Write off, insert missing letters, explain spelling

In a gradually fading ... flame of a fire; shining ... sparks of silver-white hoarfrost; stay in a newly built ... hotel; on a face flared up from the wind; raised ... spout; look laughing ... with eyes; turned blue ... from the cold; hanging ... eyebrows; paving...new...road builders; in the lake, covered with an ice film.

Write off, insert missing letters, explain spelling

Fable ... scribe, power ... love, water ... pressure, far ... eastern, life ... description, beast ... catching, stone ... tes, stone ... crusher, porridge ... var, horse ... breeding, horse ... steal, blood ... nosy, blood ... pie, sheep ... leadership, steam ... walking,
(zoo) shop, (cinema) theater, (radio) transmission, (agitation) brigade, (engineer) mechanic, (car) repair, (mountain) ski, (rail) road, (magazine) newspaper, north (western), (German) French.

Write the numbers and numbers below in words

6, 9, 12, 18, 35, 56, 64, 72, 87, 94, 141, 288, 999, 1021, 100008.
From the cardinal numbers below, form ordinal numbers
7, 19, 40, 100, 220, 3000, 45 thousand, 475 million
Form complex adjectives from the combinations below
40 grams, 175 kilograms, 5 hours, 27 kilometers, 11 liters, 45 years, 67 days

Write off, insert missing letters, explain spelling

N ... who did not object, n ... that the unforeseen, n ... when (n ...) what (n ...) did not refuse to whom, (n ...) did not give, (n ...) who had no hope, (n ...) in which he did not interfere.
(Neither, not) how much I was surprised, (nor, not) I did not regret my trip a little, (nor, not) when (nor, not) where not to receive letters, to wait (not, not) from anyone, (not, not) whom not to contact, (not, not) whom to ask, (neither, not) whom not to contact.

Write off, insert missing letters, explain spelling

Look for ... w, detect ... sh, splash ... t, kolysh ... t, stun ... t, damage ... t, doze ... t, go out ... t, wisn ... t, rumble ... t, bubbling ... t, she is shallow ... t, heart kol…t, time is chasing…t, purring…t the cat, the darkness is creeping…crawling, the men are dragging…t, the handkerchief is swaying….
The sky was full of ... elk, freshness was ... la, mother was lele ... la, he was ... he was, the clouds were ... raining, the song made me sad, mountains ... shaft, night ... shaft, reassuring ... reassuring, report ... shaft, flare up ... get out, try ... shaft, pursue ... wat, envy ... wat, unleash ... l, record ... shaft, deceit ... shaft, look at each other ... fall.

Write off, insert missing letters, explain spelling

Went out ... those books I needed by registered post. If came out…those in the coming days, I'll get them in a timely manner. Wipe the dust off the desk. When you have wiped ... take a piece of note paper and write ... those in return. Fill your fountain pen with ink. After filling ... those, do not forget to close the vial with a cork. Shut up ... those at least for a minute! Until they are silent ... those, I will not tell.

Write off, insert missing letters, explain spelling

Brosh ..., mug ..., ball ..., tasks ..., viscous ..., smelly ..., liny ..., save ..., backhand ..., already ..., back ..., married ..., unbearable ..., write ..., look ... sya, cook ... sya, playing...
He doesn’t lie ... on the stove, they are afraid ... of wolves, wine flows ..., you can ... burn ... you, you will become ... in a hurry ..., things will fall down ... imagine ... you, cut ... bread, posing ... a question.
Fall backwards ..., rush forward ..., hit backhand ..., return after midnight ..., wait unbearably ..., completely ..., become covered with clouds, slowly flow ..., flow ... formed in the boat

Write off, insert missing letters, explain spelling

Panting... man, grinding... flour worker, sawing... workmen, splashing... children splashing in the water, box... box boy, number on the list, crew battling the storm, brave fighting... regiment , swayed ... by the wind, trembling ... with a blush, breathing ... with power, night ... wagon train, white ... with birches, illuminating ... with the moon, dormant ... with vaults, cutting ... with light, mined ... my coal, roaring ... with a waterfall , a radiant ... face with health, a signalman waving a flag, a galloping horse.

Write off, insert missing letters, explain spelling

Fighting ... people holding ... a banner, fluttering ... in the wind, building ... a school, that ... snowing, a sharp ... object, weeding ... a garden, splitting firewood, digging a ditch.
Amulet ... my comrades, waiting ... for my train, invisible ... my eye, illuminating ... my light, adoring ... my parents, illuminating ... my moon, insulting ... my brother, barely audible ... my sound

Write off, insert missing letters, explain spelling

Drum ... th fight, bula ... th horse, tin ... th button, oil ... th well, ice ... oh house, throat ... th voice, spicy ... th aroma, wool ... th blanket, tin ... th soldier, sheep ... th sheepskin coat, midday heat, wild ... case, hairy ... mattress, snakes ... skin, department ... second edition, ripped ... shirt, torn ... shirt, vytka ... drawing, woven ... tablecloth, unexpected ... guest, uninvited guest.

Write off, insert missing letters, explain spelling

Silver (n, nn) frosted trees; wind (n.n) day; weathered (n, nn) face; windless (n, nn) weather; the room is well whiter (n, n) a; seriously wounded (n.nn) th fighter; bandage the wound (n, nn) th; writing (n, nn) oil painting (n, nn) with paints; desired (n, nn) guest; smart (n.n) boy; vile (n.nn) th manuscript.

Write off, insert missing letters, explain spelling

(B) for ... many years; (c) continue ... the lesson; (c) consequences of ... bad weather; walked along the path, (not) looking under his feet; learned (in) the consequences ...; (not) looking at the heat; (c) type of disease; include (c) investigations… new documents; Have this in mind; talk (on) the expense of the campaign.
Somewhere (something), from where (or), someone (someone), would not say (would), come (to), to (something), all (still), agree (whether), (somehow) somehow.
Just like an hour ago, the wind whistled. Father also took fishing rods, and we went. Knowing and being able are not the same thing. I (same) did not sit still.
Whatever you do, you will need a book. It is necessary to acquire knowledge in order to benefit the Motherland.

Write off, insert missing letters, explain spelling

During the week, I ... once ... trained. How much I … trained, but the results were low. He… gave me… one book. In a bucket ... drops of water. I have been to these places ... once. Who ... listened to his singing, everyone admired.
Who n ... watched the new production, I advise you to watch it. What n ... they promised - they fulfilled everything. Wherever you n... meet this book, buy it for me. The expedition went along the glacier, where people had not yet penetrated. Where only n ... a man penetrated!

Write off, insert missing letters, explain spelling

(Not) timely corrected error; (un)plowed field; the novel is (not) finished; (un)compressed rye; (not) calm sea; (unforgettable impression; phone (not) repaired.
1) (Not) entrusted to (none) the business (will not) budge.

2) If the field is (not) plowed, the barn will be empty; if the book is (not) read, knowledge (not) will increase. 3) (Un)finished book - that (un)traveled path. 4) The (not) sown field (not) turns green.

(Un)acceptably sharp tone, answer (not) deliberately, decision (not) thought out, calculate (not) exactly, calculate (not) exactly, but approximately, ask (not) loudly, but quietly, (not) uninterestingly note.

Children forget precisely these basic spellings before the VPR (All-Russian test work).

If you do not pay due attention to them during training in grades 1-4, then parents will have to be nervous when the child passes the CD in the fourth grade, and the child will sit for several hours repeating them.

Spellings to be repeated before VLOOKUP

1. Spelling "Letters I, A, U after hissing" — children go through this rule in the 1st grade, but many do not remember it at all by the 4th grade.

Combinations Zhi, shi spelled with a letter And(Live, snake, screen, reeds).
Combinations cha, cha spelled with a letter BUT(Seagull, DaCHA, GROVE, thicket).
Combinations CHU, SHU spelled with a letter At(MIRACLE, SCREAM, PIKE, DRAG).

2. Spelling "Letter combinations CHK, CHN, LF, SC" — Few people remember this spelling, and often children make mistakes in it.

Combinations CHK, CHN, LF, SC are written WITHOUT soft sign (b)(rod, night, tip, powerful).

3. Spelling "Letters I and Y after the letter C"

Write Y- in the endings of words and in the suffix - Eun(merchants, knitting needles, fighters, martens, Spitsyn).
Write And- in other cases after C and is written (Compass, Numbers, Citrus).

Exception words

Very easy to remember with a short tongue twister.

Gypsy on tiptoe

4. Spelling "Dividing b and b"

Spelled b sign- before E, Yo, I, Yu, I at the root of the word or before the ending (blizzard, serious, friends, family). In some foreign words before O(medalION, postman, champignon)

Spelled Ъ sign- before E, Yo, Yu, I

After prefixes, which end in a consonant (approach, shooting, explain).
In foreign words(object, adjutant, subject).
In compound words with the first part TWO-, THREE-, FOUR— (TWO-ANCHOR, THREE-tier).

5. Spelling "Unstressed vowels at the root of the word" -most often they just forget to check.

To check which letter denotes an unstressed vowel in a word, you need to change the word so that the unstressed vowel becomes stressed (owl - owls; try on (merka) clothes; reconcile (peace) friends).

6. Spelling "Checked consonants at the root of the word" -always ask the child to pronounce the words, and if in doubt how to write, be sure to check this spelling.

To check which letter to designate a consonant sound that is paired for deafness - sonority, you need to change the word so that after the consonant there is a vowel: eye - eyes, mushroom - mushrooms, boat - boat, hint - prompt.

7. Spelling "-TSYA and -TSYA in verbs" -often in this spelling, children make mistakes because they cannot correctly pose the question.

In order not to make mistakes in writing -TSA and -THAT, you need to put questions to the verbs: what to do? laugh, what is he doing? laughs.

If a soft sign (b) is in the question, then it WRITTEN and in the verb.
If question NO soft sign (b) no, then in the verb he NOT is written.

8. Spelling "Vowels and consonants in prefixes" -one of the often forgotten spellings.

In shockless consoles TO-, O-, FROM-, ON-, UNDER-, PRO- a letter is written O(Flew, Late, Sailed, Talked, Signed, Passed).
In shockless consoles FOR-, ON-, OVER- a letter is written BUT(I was sad, I wrote, I took a bite).
In Russian there is a prefix FROM- and NO prefix Z-(Surrender, Burn, Go) - it's prthe rule must be memorized.

9. Spelling "Spelling of prefixes PRE- and PRI-" -one of the most difficult spellings for memorizing younger students.

AT-
— closeness to something: School site (area near the school), Roadside grass (grass near the road);
— approximation, addition, attachmentunity for something: Ran to the finish line (approached
to the finish, Sew on a button (attach the button to the fabric);
— incomplete action: Cover (not completely close), Mute (mute a little, not turn off completely);

PRE-
— close to the word very or too: Angry (very angry), VERY (very much);
— close to the prefix PERE-: Block the road (to block the road with something).

10. Spelling "Unpronounceable consonants at the root of the word"

To correctly designate an unpronounceable consonant at the root of a word with a letter, you need pick up single-rootword, in which this consonant is pronounced distinctly (locality (place), late (to be late), BUT: terrible (terrible), interesting (interesting), beautiful (beautiful).

THEN. the article contains a selection of basic spellings that children often forget on CDF.

Spelling- a branch of linguistics that studies the system of rules for the uniform spelling of words and their forms, as well as these rules themselves. The central concept of orthography is spelling.

A spelling is a spelling regulated by a spelling rule or established in dictionary order, i.e., the spelling of a word that is selected from a number of graphics that are possible from the point of view of the laws. A spelling is a case of choice where 1, 2, or more different spellings are possible. It is also a spelling following the spelling rules.

spelling rule- this is the spelling rule of the Russian language, which spelling should be chosen depending on the language conditions.

Spelling consists of several sections:

1) writing significant parts of the word (morphemes) - roots, prefixes, suffixes, endings, that is, the designation of the sound composition of words with letters where it is not defined by graphics;

2) continuous, separate and hyphenated spellings;

3) the use of uppercase and lowercase letters;

4) transfer rules;

5) rules for graphic abbreviations of words.

Principles of Russian spelling:

The leading principle of Russian spelling is morphological principle, the essence of which is that morphemes common to related words retain a single style in writing, and in speech they can change depending on phonetic conditions. Its essence lies in the fact that phonetically positional changes are not reflected in the letter - reduction of vowels, stunning, voicing, softening of consonants. At the same time, vowels are written as if under stress, and consonants - as in a strong position, for example, positions before a vowel. Also, on the basis of the morphological principle, a uniform spelling of words related to a certain grammatical form is drawn up. For example, ь (soft sign) is a formal sign of the infinitive. This principle applies to all morphemes: roots, prefixes, suffixes and endings.
The second principle of Russian spelling is phonetic spelling, those. words are spelled the way they are heard. This principle is implemented in three spelling rules - the spelling of prefixes ending in z / s ( mediocre - restless, smash - drink), the spelling of the vowel in the prefix roses / times / grew / races ( schedule - painting,) and the spelling of roots beginning with and, after prefixes ending in a consonant ( history - backstory).
There is also differentiating spelling (cf .: burn (n.) - burn (vb)) of roots with alternations (add - add) traditional spelling ().
Traditional principle regulates the spelling of unchecked vowels and consonants (dog, pharmacy or letter and I after the letters Zh, Sh, Ts - live, sew), those. involves the memorization of words. As a rule, these are foreign words and exception words.

Consider other types of spelling

Continuous, separate and hyphenated spelling

Continuous, separate and hyphenated writing is regulated by the traditional principle, taking into account the morphological independence of units. Individual words are mostly written separately, except for negative and indefinite pronouns with prepositions ( with no one) and some adverbs ( hugging), parts of words - together or through a hyphen ( cf .: in my opinion and in my opinion).

Use of uppercase and lowercase letters

The use of uppercase and lowercase letters is regulated by the lexico-syntactic rule: proper names and appellations are written with a capital letter ( Moscow State University, Moscow State University), as well as the first word at the beginning of each sentence. The rest of the words are capitalized.

Transfer Rules

The rules for transferring words from one line to another are based on the following rules: when transferring, first of all, the syllabic articulation of the word is taken into account, and then its morphemic structure: war-on, smash, not * war, * smash. One letter of the word is not transferred or left on the line. Identical consonants in the root of the word are separated when transferred: cash register.

Rules for graphic word abbreviations

The abbreviation of words in writing is also based on the following rules:

1) only the whole, undivided part of the word can be omitted (lit-ra - literature, higher education - higher education);

2) when abbreviating a word, at least two letters are omitted;

3) it is impossible to shorten a word by throwing out its initial part;

4) the abbreviation should not fall on a vowel or letters й, ъ, ь.

Spelling parsing involves oral or written analysis of orthograms in a word. When performing spelling analysis, you need to correctly write down the word given with a missing letter, or open the brackets, underline the place of the spelling in the word, name the spelling and determine the conditions for its choice. If necessary, indicate the test word and give examples for this spelling.

Principles of Russian spelling

Spelling- this is 1) a system of rules for spelling words; 2) a section of the science of language, which determines uniform ways of conveying words in writing using alphabetic and non-alphabetic graphic means.

One of the main concepts of spelling that is significant for learning is spelling. However, scientists formulate the definitions of this term in different ways (see task 1 of this paragraph).

In linguistics and methodology, the concepts are used type, group and view spelling. To spelling types according to the graphic appearance, it is customary to attribute the following:

letter (vowel, consonant, uppercase, lowercase, ъ, ь);

space (separate spelling);

contact (continuous spelling);

dash (hyphen).

Identification signs of orthograms help to learn how to identify erroneously dangerous places in a word; the main ones are shown in the table.

Spelling type	Identification features
Letter
Vowels	Unstressed Sissing and C before vowels
Consonants	The end of the word Confluence of consonants N before the end and suffix
b and b	Soft consonants at the end of a word and in consonant clusters Sound [th] after consonants and before vowels e, yo, yu, i, and Hissing at the end of the word [цъ] at the end of verbs
uppercase	Beginning of a sentence or text Presence of proper names and proper names
Hyphen	Compound words Prefixes something; in-, in- in adverbs Suffixes something, something, something Particles something, something
Space / contact	Particles and prefixes not, nor, particles would, same, whether Prepositions
Dash	End of line

Orthograms are combined into groups based on certain common features: by location in the word (spellings in prefixes), proximity of the conditions for choosing spelling (suffixes -something, -or, -something, prefix something in adverbs and pronouns), the same identification features (O - E after hissing in different parts of speech), graphic coincidence (NOT prefix and particle).

spelling rule- this is an instruction that indicates the conditions for choosing the correct spellings (spellings) in words.

Type of spelling- its name, which usually indicates the type of spelling ( vowels E - I), the main identification feature ( in unstressed personal endings of verbs), sometimes - selection conditions or verification method ( 1 and 2 conjugations). Such spelling names are given in school textbooks, reference books, which facilitates the learning process, the search for rules ( unstressed vowels in the root, checked by stress; b after hissing in the 2nd person singular of verbs).

Modern Russian spelling is based on several principles. The basic principle - phonemic, the essence of which is that phonemes are reflected in the letter, the letter is written that corresponds to the phoneme in a strong position. This principle is often referred to morphological, because the morpheme (root, prefix, suffix, ending) retains a single letter spelling, although the sounds included in this morpheme may change during pronunciation ( -water-: water[about], flood[Λ], water[b], etc.). Guided by this very principle, we check many spellings by selecting related words or changing the form of the word so that the phoneme is in a strong position (for unstressed vowels - under stress, for voiced / voiceless consonants - before sonorants, etc.), t i.e. would be clearly marked.

The following rules are based on the phonemic principle: unstressed vowels in the root, voiced and voiceless consonants in the root, unpronounceable consonants in the root; the writing of vowels and consonants in most prefixes, suffixes and endings is based on this principle.

Along with phonemic, it also acts phonetic principle: the letter is chosen according to the pronunciation. There are few rules based on this principle: the letters z - s at the end of prefixes ( wake up, schedule: phoneme<з>, sounds [h], [s]; the letter that denotes the sound being pronounced is written in the word), vowels a - o in the prefixes raz- (roz-), ras- (ros-); and - yv root after prefixes to the consonant ( prehistory, prejuly). The influence of this principle also explains the spelling of vowels o - ё after hissing in suffixes and endings of different parts of speech, where the choice of the corresponding vowel depends on the stress, cf .: a scrap - a knife, brocade - nomadic, a candle - a cloud etc.

Valid in our spelling also historical, or traditional, the principle by which words are written as they were written before, in the old days. For example, the vowels and, after the hissing ones, are a reflection of changes in the phonetic system of the Old Russian language. In accordance with the same principle, vocabulary words are written, as well as borrowed words, the ending of the -th masculine adjectives in the genitive case of the singular, etc. Such spellings can only be explained with the involvement of the historical laws of language development.

Exists in modern orthography and the principle differentiated,or differentiating spelling (semantic principle), according to which words are written depending on their lexical meaning, cf.: company(a group of people) and campaign(any event) ball(dance party) and score(unit of assessment). Sometimes spelling is influenced by grammatical meaning ( burn- verb and burn- noun) and derivational meaning (E - And in the prefixes pre- and pre-).

1. Checked unstressed vowels in the root of the word.
2. Checked consonants in the root of the word.
3. Unpronounceable consonants at the root of the word.
4. Unchecked vowels and consonants in the root of the word.
5. Letters and, y, and after hissing.
6. Separate writing of prepositions with inflected parts of speech.
7. Separating hard and soft signs.
8. Soft sign at the end of nouns after hissing ones.
9. Soft sign to indicate soft consonants in the middle and at the end of a word.
10. Unchecked vowels and consonants in prefixes.
11. The letters z and s at the end of the prefixes.
12. Oh - and at the root - lies - (-lag-).
13. Oh - and at the root - grew - (- grew -).
14. The letters yo-o after the words hissing at the root.
15. Letters and - s after c.
16. Capital letter and quotation marks in own names.
17. E and and in case endings of nouns.
18. O and e after hissing and c in the endings of nouns and adjectives.
19. Unstressed vowels in the endings of adjectives and participles.
20. Non-use of a soft sign in short sentences with a sizzling stem.
21. Separate writing of a particle not with verbs.
22. Soft sign after hissing in different forms
23. -Tsya and -tsya in verbs.
24. E and and in the roots with alternation.
25. Unstressed vowels in the endings of verbs I and II of conjugation.
26. The letters o-a in the root -kos- (-kas-).
27. The letters o - and in the root -gor- (-gar-).
28. The letters s - and after prefixes to consonants.
29. Vowels in the prefixes pre- and pre-.
30. Connecting o and e in compound words.
31. The letter e in the noun suffix -en-.
32. Not with nouns.
33. The letters h - u in the suffix -chik (-schik) of nouns.
34. Vowels in the suffixes -ek and -ik of nouns.
35. Letters o - e after nouns hissing in suffixes.
36. Continuous and hyphenated spelling of compound words with half-.
37. Not with adjectives.
38. O not after hissing and c in adjective suffixes.
39. One and two letters k in adjective suffixes.
40. Suffixes -k- and -sk-.
41. Hyphen in adjectives.
42. Soft sign in the middle of complex numbers.
43. Unstressed vowels in the endings of numerals denoting whole numbers.
44. Not in indefinite pronouns.
45. Hyphen in indefinite pronouns.
46. Not and neither in negative pronouns.
47. Continuous and separate spelling not and neither in negative pronouns.
48. Soft sign in imperative verbs.
49. Vowels in the suffixes of the verbs -ova- (-eva-), -yva- (-iva-).
50. The letters y (u), a (i) in the suffixes of the real participles of the present tense.
51. The letters e - and in the suffixes of the passive participles of the present tense.
52. Two letters н in the suffixes of the passive participles of the past tense.
53. One letter n in the suffixes of short passive participles of the past tense.
54. The letters a (i), e before one and two letters n in the passive participles of the past tense.
55. The letters ё - е after passive past participles hissing in suffixes.
56. Continuous and separate spelling not with participles.
57. One and two letters n in adjective suffixes formed from participles.
58. Separate spelling not with gerunds.
59. Letters o - e after adverbs hissing at the end.
60. One and two letters i in adverbs in -o (-e).
61. Not with adverbs in -o (-e).
62. Not and neither in negative adverbs.
63. Letters, o and a at the end of adverbs.
64. Hyphen in adverbs.
65. Continuous and separate spelling of prefixes in adverbs.
66. Soft sign at the end of adverbs after hissing.
67. Continuous spelling of prepositions formed from adverbs.
68. Consolidated and separate spelling of prepositions formed from nouns.
69. The letter e at the end of derivative prepositions.
70. Continuous spelling of unions, too, also to.
71. The hyphenated spelling of the particle is something.
72. Hyphenated spelling of the particle -ka.