Elastic bracelets

Analysis of 14 exam assignments in Russian. Adjectives are written with a hyphen

- I repeat: he will not come out of there, - the pimply said about convincing (1), shaking his head. - It's been an hour and a quarter since I climbed up. He's finished. The inhabitants crowded near the ruins were silent, staring at the blackening hole in the ruins - the rubble (2) stone entrance to the dungeon. The fat man in the yellow bough (3) shifted from one foot to the other, coughed, took the beret off his head. “Let's wait a little longer,” he said, wiping the sweat from his sparse eyebrows. - Why go for something? Snorted the pimply. - There he sits in the basements, a basilisk, have you forgotten it, soltys? Whoever enters, that is the end. Few people died? Why wait for something? - We agreed, - the fat man grumbled about disbelief. - How so?

In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which НН is written? - Well, the (1) th filly, then, - repeated the butcher. – Leave the horse alone, dearie. Reznik slowly (2) turned to the stranger who had emerged from the break in the wall, from the backs of the people who had gathered around the entrance to the dungeon. The stranger had thick curly chestnut (3) new hair, a brown cape over a caftan (4) placed on cotton wool, and high riding boots. And no weapons.

In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which НН is written? Following the hands appeared a head with white hair covered with (1) brick dust, then a pale face, and finally the hilt of a sword protruding over the shoulder. The crowd was noisy. The white-headed man, hunching back, pulled out from the hole an amazing creature - a stra (2) body covered with dust saturated with blood. Holding the creature by the long (3) lizard tail, he silently threw it at the feet of the fat soltis. Soltys jumped back, stumbling over a piece of the wall that was lying around and not taking his eyes off the curved (4) bird's beak, webbed wings and sickle-shaped claws on scaly paws.

In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which НН is written? - Ta-a-ak. - Three Jackdaws for some time looked at the smoky ceiling and the spiders swarming under it. - So-a-ak ... For starters ... - Cheese? - the innkeeper ventured. - Nope, - Borh winced. - Cheese for dessert. - Then why oh why so. The innkeeper smiled even wider. The two front teeth were not the unity (2) he lacked. - Eel with garlic in oil and vinegar or marinated (3) green pepper pods (4).

Explanation to question 4:

smoked - Soviet species, the only ones - Suf. ENN, pickled - suf. OVA

In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which НН is written? “I don’t hunt dragons,” Geralt said dryly. - Vilohvostov, donkeys, flying dogs. And on the truth of (1) s dragons too - green (2) s, black, red. Take note of this, and that's it. “You surprised me,” said Three Jackdaws. - Well, okay, I took note. However, let's wait a little with the dragons, I see something red on the horizon, this is undoubtedly (3) oh, our crayfish. They tore at the red shells with a crunch and sucked out the white meat. Strongly tickling lips, salty water ran even over the hands. The Zerrikans were even more amused, staring at the tavern, grinning ominously, the witcher was sure that they were looking for a reason to start a scandal. Three Jackdaws, apparently, noticed this, because he suddenly threatened them with cancer, taken by the tail.

In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which НН is written? There was a screen on the bridge. The road was blocked by a long (1) sturdy log lying on a tree (2) sturdy trestles. Before and behind him stood halberdists in leather (3), ornamental (4) bumpy jackets and pointed helmets with chain mail covering their necks. Above the road, a purple banner with the sign of the silver (5) vulture moved lazily.

In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which НН is written? There, after the unexpected (1) th and the (2) th death of the prince, the princess remained. The nobles from Malleora look with hostility at Nedamir and other applicants, because they know that the new ruler will quickly curb them, not like the young princess. So they dug up somewhere an old and dusty prediction that the girl's miter and hand are better (3) for the one who will defeat the dragon. Since no one had seen a dragon here for a long time, everyone thought they could sleep peacefully. When the news of the Golopol dragon spread, Nedamir realized that he could beat the Malleor nobles with their weapons. Had he appeared with a dragon's head in his hands, the people would have greeted him as sent down (4) by the gods of the monarch, and the nobles would not dare to utter a word.

Explanation to question 7:

unexpected - there is a prefix, strange (root of countries plus the suffix H), sent down - Soviet species

In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which НН is written? - And after the tale (1) wow, are you still surprised that Nedamir rushed after the dragon, like a cat with a full bubble? In addition, for such a dragon, which is already barely dragging its feet? For him, this is a pure gift, a smile of fate, damn it. – And he blocked the roads from competitors. - Perhaps. And from Holopolites. But at the same time, throughout the entire district, he sent out letters with letters (3) addressed to those who should slap the dragon, because Nedamir is not eager to personally climb into the cave with a sword. The most famous dragons were gathered in an instant. Many of you are probably familiar, Geralt. - Maybe. Who has arrived? - Eyck from Denesle - this time. - Tell me ... - the witcher whistled softly. - Fear of God (4) th and virtuous Eyck, a knight without fear and reproach.

For the fifteenth task of the exam in the Russian language, you can get one primary point. In the sentence written in the assignment, in the places where the letters "n / nn" are missing, there are numbers; in the answer it is required to indicate all the digits, which should be replaced by either "n" or "nn". Graduates often make mistakes here. To prevent this from happening, let's repeat the theory below.

Theory for the task number 15 of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language

n / nn in adjective and participle suffixes

n	nn
-in-	-he N-
Swan, animal, mouse	Traditional, revolutionary, editorial
-an - / - yang-	-enn-
Sandy, silver, leather	Artificial, vital, pumpkin
Exceptions: glass, pewter, wood	Exception: windy
Exceptions: glass, pewter, wood
In adjectives for colors	In adjectives formed from nouns ending in –my
Green, crimson, blue	Unnamed (from name), temporary (from time to time)
In short passive participles	At the junction of the stem ending in "n" with the suffix "n"
Raised, spoiled	Flat, long, sleepy
Raised, spoiled
In adjectives for plants with the suffix "ov"	In adjectives denoting plants, without the "ov" suffix
Orange, tangerine	Orange, tangerine
In verbal adjectives formed from imperfective verbs	In passive participles formed from perfective verbs
Fried, knitted	Resolved, offended
	Exception: wounded
	In short verbal adjectives
	Well-mannered, educated
	In verbal adjectives with the suffixes "ova / eva"
	Pickled, paved
	Exception: forged, chewed

In nouns and adverbs formed from participles and verbal adjectives, as many "n" are written as in the original word:

Dumpling (from boiled), chosen one (from chosen), ice cream (from ice cream).

You need to remember the spelling of the following words:

Algorithm for completing the task

We carefully read the assignment.
We open the brackets in the sentence in accordance with the spelling rules of the Russian language.
We write down the number corresponding to the correct answer.

Analysis of typical options for assignment number 15 of the exam in the Russian language

The fourteenth task of the demo 2018

Already in the first landscape V. Serov showed (1) almost all the features (2) that he had as a landscape painter: the sharpness of vision, the deepest penetration into the essence of the depicted, sophistication (3) spine and accuracy of color.

Algorithm for completing the task:

Manifested - we write one H, since this is a short form of the passive participle; peculiar - an adjective, we write Н, since the suffix ENH; sophistication - we write NN, since there are two suffixes in the word - A and NN, since the noun is formed from the participle exquisite with a prefix and formed from the perfect verb.

Answer: 2, 3.

The first variant of the task

Indicate all the numbers in which N. is written.

Ose (1) by them at night the earth loses the accumulated (2) heat per day as a result of convection and thermal infrared (3) radiation.

Algorithm for completing the task:

We are looking for a word in which one letter is written N.
Autumn- base on H plus the suffix H, therefore, we write double HH; accumulated- we write НН, since this is a participle with a dependent word and a prefix; infrared- in adjectives denoting color, N. is always written.

Second variant of the task

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which НН is written.

He dreamed of becoming a researcher of unknown (1) secrets and was afraid that there were no more places left on our huge (2) planet, unknown (3), unresolved (4), unconquered (5) by man.

Algorithm for completing the task:

We are looking for a word in which NN is spelled.
Uncharted, unexplored, undeveloped, unconquered- participles with prefixes, formed from perfective verbs, therefore, we write НН; huge- an adjective, we write N.

Answer: 1, 3, 4, 5.

The third variant of the task

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which НН is written.

His poems were unfamiliar (1) and unexpected (2), but Mayakovsky forced himself to listen: by the end of the evening, the (3) hall was overcrowded with enthusiasm (4), admiring (5) eyes.

Algorithm for completing the task:

We are looking for a word in which NN is spelled.
Unaccustomed- a short adjective derived from an adjective unwonted, in which H is written, it means that in short form there will be one H; unexpected- full form unexpected, hence in short form НН; crowded- a participle with a prefix, formed from a perfective verb, we write НН; enthusiastic, delighted- an adjective with the suffix ENN, we write NN.

Secondary general education

UMK line of I. V. Gusarova. Russian language (10-11) (basic, deep)

Russian language

Assignment 14 of the exam-2019 in the Russian language: theory and practice

We bring to your attention an analysis of 14 tasks in the Russian language for the Unified State Exam - 2019 with expert comments.

Analysis of the tasks of the demo version of the exam - 2019 in the Russian language

The examination paper in the Russian language consists of two parts, containing 27 tasks. Part I contains 26 tasks, part II contains 1 task. This article discusses the theoretical part of task number 14 with an analysis of an example in practice.

Part I

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Assignment 14

Define a sentence in which both highlighted words are spelled LITTLE. Expand the brackets and write out these two words.

(ON) THAT was how LN was silent with concentration. Tolstoy, his relatives could guess, (ON) HOW hard is his brain working now.

(B) EFFECTS Scientists have established that magnesium plays an important role in the regulation of potassium levels in the body, and ALSO (SAME) regulates the adrenal glands.

From the first pages I experienced a strange sensation: WOULD BE) from the gloomy world, I (THAT) HOUR was transferred to another world - sunny and bright.

Physical properties interstellar gas significantly depends (FROM) ONE, whether it is in relative proximity to hot stars or, (ON) REVOLUTION, is sufficiently distant from them.

Find words that are spelled with hyphens, and exclude the entire sentence with such words from the answer options. The hyphenated spelling is neither a continuous nor a separate spelling. Therefore, these words do not correspond to the condition of the task.

Find derivative prepositions that are always written together or always separately.

Apart: during, in continuation, due.

Continuously: due to (=due to), in view of(but: keep in mind), in spite of, regardless of.

The adverb is also always written together afterwards.

Work with words that have dual spellings.

what would and to... If a word can be replaced with words in order to, then it is written together.

because and because... If the word is followed by a noun, then we choose a separate spelling: over that bridge.

same way and also... If there is (or implied) continuation in the form of words as well, then this is an adverb with a particle - we write separately: just like.

also and too... If there is (or is implied) continuation in the form of a word the most, then this pronoun with a particle - we write separately: the same.

Words are especially difficult from that and that's why, from what and from what... The continuous spelling corresponds to the causal meaning of the phrase: Why does the accordion sing? Because someone loves an accordion player.

Analysis of the task

BEYOND the concentration of L.N. Tolstoy, his relatives could have guessed HOW tensely his brain is working now.

That's why written separately, since this is a combination of a pronoun with a preposition (there is no causal meaning), how much spelled together - this word can be replaced with a word how.

As a consequence, scientists have established that magnesium plays an important role in the regulation of potassium levels in the body, and ALSO regulates the adrenal glands.

Subsequently- an adverb that is always spelled together, also- compositional union, no continuation in the form of words as well.

Offer found. But let's take a look at the rest of the examples and find out why they don't fit.

From the first pages, I experienced a strange sensation: IT WOULD BE from a gloomy world, I WAS ONLY transported to another world - sunny and bright.

Particle would spelled separately, adverb immediately is written together.

(C) CONSEQUENCES researchers have repeatedly said that the apotheosis of Russian glory is the painting "Heroes", in which V.M. Vasnetsov expressed his romantic and deeply civil understanding of Russia at the SAME time.

Adverb afterwards spelled together, a combination of pronouns then with particle the same spelled separately, as it is implied the same.

Ahead is seen a broken (1) foliage (2) egg, a silver (3) stump in frost, which means - to me in the next house.

Here is the correct spelling.

Here is a huge broken foliage, a stump of silver in hoarfrost, which means - to the next house.

In this sentence:

BROKEN - full participle with a prefix; S / LOM / A / NN / a

foliage - a noun formed from the adjective DECIDIVE;

SILVER is an adjective formed with the suffix –YAN–.

Answer: 12.

Answer: 12 | 21

Relevance: Used since 2015

Difficulty: normal

14.1.1 Two HH in suffixes

If:

note

Note:

If:

perfect kind

Bought, redeemed;

abandoned-abandoned.

Excited excited how? this message agitated

organized and educated

note

We add more words here:

forged, nibbled, chewed

wounded in battle wounded

That is, it answers the question what did you do with the item? .

stew(it was stewed) meat,

bobbed(they were cut) hair,

boiled(it was boiled) potatoes,

SCRAP(it was broken) the line

stained

BUT:

braised in the oven(it was stewed) meat,

recently cropped(they were cut) hair,

steamed(it was boiled) potatoes.

fat beauty

a) : other.

b): smooth O PAINTED ( O paint), fresh per ICE CREAM ( per freeze), etc.).

Rule:

1) on the issue

2) by value

3) by the presence of a dependent word

Brief participles	Short adjectives

For instance: calmly calm suffix H; slowly slow HH; enthusiastically with NN, since in the sacrament infatuated NN.

1) on the issue

2) by value

3) by role in the proposal:

NN	N
captive (captive)	oilman (petroleum)
	hotel (living room)
exile (exiled)	windy (windy)
larch (deciduous)	confusion (confused)
pupil (brought up)	spice (spicy)
humanity (humane)	sandstone (sandy)
high ground (sublime)	smoked (smoked)

devotion (devotee)	peat bog (peat)

and many others.

	H *
	toiler / worker (from toil)
squad / nickname (from squad)	torment / enik (from torment)
raspberry / nick (raspberry)	powder / enitsa (from powder)
name day / nickname (name day)	birth / enitsa (to give birth)
cheating / nickname (cheating)	brother-in-law / s / nits / a
nephew	var / enik (cook)
dowry / prostrate	BUT: dowry (from lend)
insomnia	student
aspen / nick	unbroken / enik
ringing / beating	silver / nick

Note to the table

NN is also written in words traveler(from traveling), predecessor(precede)

Tatiana Tertychnaya (Leningrad) 09.05.2012 22:50

How to distinguish a participle from an adjective?

Support service

1. The sacrament expresses action. In adjectives, the main thing is the sign, and the action is the background: the wounded (what?) Fighter is a verbal adjective, the wounded (what was done?) By the enemy fighter is a participle.

2. Verbal adjectives can be replaced with an ordinary adjective, participles can be replaced with a verb: broken (angular) line - an adjective, fate broken by difficulties (fate that was broken by difficulties) - participle.

3. The participles do not have degrees of comparison: a well-bred (educated) person is an adjective, a person brought up to work is a participle.

4. Often the participle has a prefix (since they are mainly formed from the perfective verbs): minced meat (in general) - an adjective, chopped meat (already) - a participle.

5. The participles can be returnable: a person agitated by the incident (agitated) - a participle, exciting - an adjective.

6. The participle expresses a temporary sign, and the adjective - permanent: mowed grass - an adjective, mowed grass (right now) - a participle.

7. Nouns or pronouns in the instrumental case are almost always combined with the participle: children are spoiled by their mother - a participle, children are spoiled - an adjective.

8. The participle can be a dependent infinitive, circumstance or addition: she intends to answer, it is derived from here, the box is made with love.

9. Adjectives cannot have dependent words with them, except for adverbs of degree (very, perfectly, absolutely, very).

dima dima (lol) 26.05.2012 19:03

How to distinguish a verb adjective from all other parts of speech?

A verbal adjective answers the same questions as any other adjective (eg what?), But at the same time it is formed from a verb and, unlike a participle, expresses the constant signs of an object.

a guest 07.02.2013 11:11

How to distinguish the verb addendum and the perfect participle, from the verb adjective and the imperfective participle?

Anastasia Smirnova (St. Petersburg)

The difference is in the questions. For example, to the perfect participles, one can ask the question “what did he do?”, To imperfect ones, “what does he do? what did you do? "

a guest 02.01.2016 21:39

SILVER is the word exception.

Tatiana Yudina

No, you are confusing it with the words pewter, wood, glass.

a guest 22.12.2016 13:57

And how to understand where the substantive should be checked with a pilagate, and where with a verb? For example, Litvennitsa from the word foliage means one n? And in the explanation, the original word is deciduous

Tatiana Yudina

You need to understand what is educated from what. Larch is not from the leaf; the word-formation chain goes like this: leaf + in = foliage + enn = deciduous + itz = larch. Look through Tikhonov's word-formation dictionary, you will understand how words are formed.

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which НН is written.

Travelers, thoughtful and enthusiastic (1) at the same time (2) o, found themselves as if in a wadded cloud, the sun turned into a small tin (3) circle, along which whitish shreds floated until they completely (4) o closed it.

Explanation (see also Rule below).

Here is the correct spelling.

Travelers, pensive and enthusiastic at the same time, found themselves in a wadded cloud, the sun turned into a small tin circle, along which whitish shreds floated until they completely closed it.

In this sentence:

enthusiastic - an adjective formed with the suffix -ENN;

at the same time - an adverb formed from the adjective SIMULTANEOUS;

pewter - an adjective formed with the suffix -ЯНН- (exception);

perfect - an adverb formed from the adjective PERFECT.

Answer: 1234.

Answer: 1234

Rule: Task 15. Spelling N and NN in words of different parts of speech

SPELLING -Н - / - НН- IN VARIOUS PARTS OF SPEECH.

Traditionally, it is the most difficult topic for students, since the reasonable spelling of H or HH is possible only with knowledge of morphological and word-formation laws. The "Help" material summarizes and systematizes all the rules of the topic N and NN from school textbooks and provides additional information from the reference books of V.V. Lopatin and D.E. Rosenthal to the extent that is necessary to complete the tasks of the exam.

14.1 Н and НН in abbreviated adjectives (formed from nouns).

14.1.1 Two HH in suffixes

NN is written in adjective suffixes, if:

1) the adjective is formed from a noun with a base in H using the suffix H: fog + H → foggy; POCKET + N → POCKET, POTENT + N → PAPER

old (from antiquity + H), picture (from picture + H), deep (from depth + H), outlandish (from wild + H), remarkable (from dozen + H), true (from truth + H), corvée ( from corvee + H), communal (from community + H), long (from length + H)

note: the word "strange" in terms of modern language does not have the H suffix and is not related to the word "country". But NN can be historically explained: a person from a foreign country was considered a dissenter, a stranger, an outsider.

Etymologically, the spelling of the word "genuine" can also be explained: true in Ancient Russia was the truth that the defendant said "under long-lengths" - with special long sticks or whips.

2) the adjective is formed from the name of a noun by adding the suffix -ENN-, -OHN: cranberry (cranberry), revolutionary (revolution), triumphant (triumph).

Exception: windy (but: windless).

Note:

There are word-names adjectives in which H is part of the root. These words need to be remembered; they are not derived from nouns:

crimson, green, spicy, drunk, pork, red, ruddy, young.

14.1.2. The suffixes of adjectives are written H

The suffixes of adjectives are written H, if:

1) the adjective has the suffix -IN- ( dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger). Words with this suffix often mean "whose": dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger.

2) the adjective has suffixes -АН-, -ЯН- ( sandy, leather, oat, earthy). Words with this suffix often mean "made of what": from sand, from leather, from oats, from earth.

Exceptions: GLASS, TIN, WOODEN.

14.2. Н and НН in the suffixes of words formed from verbs. Complete forms.

As you know, both participles and adjectives (= verbal adjectives) can be formed from verbs. The rules for writing N and NN in these words are different.

14.2.1 НН in suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives

In the suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives, NN is written if AT LEAST ONE of the conditions is met:

1) the word is formed from a verb perfect kind, WITH A PRESET OR WITHOUT, for example:

from the verbs buy, redeem (what to do ?, perfect form): Bought, redeemed;

from the verbs throw, throw (what to do ?, perfect form): abandoned-abandoned.

The prefix does NOT change the form of the participle and does not affect the spelling of the suffix. Any other prefix makes the word perfect

2) the word has suffixes -ОВА-, -EVA- even in imperfect words ( marinated, asphalted, automated).

3) with a word formed from a verb, there is dependent word, that is, it forms a participial turnover, for example: ice cream in the fridge, boiled in broth).

NOTE: In cases where the full participle passes in a specific sentence in the name of the adjective, the spelling does not change. For instance: Excited with this message, the father spoke loudly and did not hold back his emotions. The highlighted word is a participle in a participle, excited how? this message... Change the sentence: His face was agitated, and there is no more participle, no turnover, because a person cannot be "agitated", and this is an adjective. In such cases, they talk about the transition of participles into adjectives, but this fact does not affect the spelling of NN.

More examples: The girl was very organized and educated... Here both words are adjectives. The girl was not "educated", and she was always brought up, these are constant signs. Let's change the sentences: We were in a hurry to a meeting organized by partners. Mom, brought up in severity, and we were brought up just as strictly... And now the highlighted words are participles.

In such cases, in the explanation for the task, we write: participle adjective or an adjective transferred from a participle.

Exceptions: unexpected, unexpected, unseen, unheard of, unintentional, slow, desperate, sacred, desired..

note that the words county (minutes), deeds (indifference)... These words are written according to the general rule.

We add more words here:

forged, nibbled, chewed eva / ova are part of the root, they are not suffixes to write HH. But when prefixes appear, they are written according to the general rule: chewed, horseshoe, chewed.

the wounded one is written N. Compare: wounded in battle(two H, because a dependent word has appeared); wounded, perfect view, there is a prefix).

intelligent to define the type of a word is difficult.

14.2. 2 One H in verbal adjectives

In the suffixes of verbal adjectives, H is written if:

the word is formed from the imperfective verb, that is, answers the question what did you do with the item? and with a word in a sentence there are no dependent words.

stew(it was stewed) meat,

bobbed(they were cut) hair,

boiled(it was boiled) potatoes,

SCRAP(it was broken) the line

stained(it was stained) oak (dark as a result of special processing),

BUT: as soon as these adjective words have a dependent word, they immediately pass into the category of participles and are written with two N.

braised in the oven(it was stewed) meat,

recently cropped(they were cut) hair,

steamed(it was boiled) potatoes.

DIFFER: participles (right) and adjectives (left) have different meanings! Stressed vowels are highlighted in capital letters.

named brother, named sister- a person who is not biologically related to this person, but who voluntarily agreed to a brotherly (sisterly) relationship.

planted father (acting as the parent of the groom or bride in the wedding ceremony). - seated at the table;

the dowry (property given to the bride by her family for life in marriage) - a given chic look;

Suzy (this is how the groom is called, from the word fate) - narrowed skirt, from the word Narrow, make it narrow)

Forgiven Sunday (religious holiday) - forgiven by me;

fat beauty(epithet, phraseological unit) - oil painting.

14.2.3. Spelling N and NN in complex adjectives

As part of a complex word, the spelling of the verbal adjective does not change:

a) the first part is formed from imperfective verbs, which means we write H: plain dyed (dyed), hot rolled, homespun, multicolored, gold-woven (weave); one-piece cut), gold-colored (forge), low-wear (ride), little-walked (walk), little-worn (wear), lightly salted (salt), finely crushed (crushed), freshly quenched (extinguished), frozen (freeze) other.

b) the second part of a complex word is formed from a prefixed perfective verb, which means we write НН: smooth O PAINTED ( O paint), fresh per ICE CREAM ( per freeze), etc.).

In the second part of complex formations, H is written, although there is a prefix PERE-: IRONED-IRONED, LATTED-PURPOSED, Worn-Carried, Washed-Washed, Shot-Shot, Darn-Re-darned.

Thus, tasks can be performed according to the algorithm:

14.3. N and NN in short adjectives and short participles

Both participles and adjectives have not only full, but also short forms.

Rule: One N. is always written in short participles.

Rule: In short adjectives, as many H are written as in the full form.

But to apply the rules, you need distinguish between adjectives and participles.

DISTINCT short adjectives and participles:

1) on the issue: short adjectives - what is? what is? what are? how does it feel? what are ?, short participle - what is done? what has been done? what is done? what have been done?

2) by value(a short participle refers to an action, can be replaced with a verb; a short adjective gives a description of the word being defined, does not report an action);

3) by the presence of a dependent word(short adjectives do not and cannot have, short participles do).

Brief participles	Short adjectives
written (story) m. genus; what has been done? by whom?	boy educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?)
written (book) zh.rod; what has been done? by whom?	the girl is educated (what is it?) - from the full form educated (what is?)
written (composition) Wed genus; what was done? by whom?	child educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?)
works written, pl. number; what have been done? by whom?	children are educated (what are?) -from the full form educated (what?)

14.4. One or two H can be written in adverbs.

In adverbs in -O / -E, as many H are written as there are in the original word, For example: calmly with one H, since in the adjective calm suffix H; slowly with НН, since in the adjective slow HH; enthusiastically with NN, since in the sacrament infatuated NN.

Despite the seeming simplicity of this rule, there is the problem of distinguishing between adverbs, short participles and short adjectives. For example, in the word concentrate (N, NN) o it is impossible to choose one or another spelling WITHOUT knowing what this word is in a sentence or phrase.

DIFFERENCE short adjectives, short participles and adverbs.

1) on the issue: short adjectives - what is? what is? what are? how does it feel? what are ?, short participle - what is done? what has been done? what is done? what have been done? adverbs: how?

2) by value(a short participle refers to an action, can be replaced with a verb; a short adjective gives a description of the word being defined, does not report an action); an adverb denotes a sign of an action, how it happens)

3) by role in the proposal:(short adjectives and short participles are often predicates, while the adverb

refers to the verb and is a circumstance)

14.5. N and NN in nouns

1.In nouns (as in short adjectives and adverbs), as many H are written as in the adjectives (participles) from which they are formed:

NN	N
captive (captive)	oilman (petroleum)
education (educated)	hotel (living room)
exile (exiled)	windy (windy)
larch (deciduous)	confusion (confused)
pupil (brought up)	spice (spicy)
humanity (humane)	sandstone (sandy)
high ground (sublime)	smoked (smoked)
poise (balanced)	delicious ice cream (ice cream)
devotion (devotee)	peat bog (peat)

Words are also formed from adjectives

relative / ik from related, third-party / ik from third-party, like-minded / ik from like-minded, (malicious / ik, deliberate / ik), set / ik from, drowned / ik from drowned, numerical / ik from numerical, national / ik from compatriot) and many others.

2. Nouns can also be derived from verbs and other nouns.

It is written НН, one Н is included in the root, and the other in the suffix.	H *
fraud / nickname (from purse, which meant a bag, wallet)	toiler / worker (from toil)
squad / nickname (from squad)	torment / enik (from torment)
raspberry / nick (raspberry)	powder / enitsa (from powder)
name day / nickname (name day)	birth / enitsa (to give birth)
cheating / nickname (cheating)	brother-in-law / s / nits / a
nephew	var / enik (cook)
dowry / prostrate	BUT: dowry (from lend)
insomnia	student
aspen / nick	unbroken / enik
ringing / beating	silver / nick

Note to the table: * Words that are written with H and are not formed from adjectives (participles) in the Russian language are rare. They need to be learned by heart.

NN is also written in words traveler(from traveling), predecessor(precede)

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which НН is written.

Above the crib hung a cloth (1) rug, on which the (2) th fox dragged a disheveled (3) white rooster in its teeth, carried it away somewhere beyond the blue forests, over the high mountains.

Explanation (see also Rule below).

Here is the correct spelling.

Above the crib hung a woven rug, on which a fiery fox dragged a disheveled white rooster in its teeth, carried it away somewhere beyond the blue forests, beyond the high mountains.

In this sentence:

Woven - a verbal adjective without a prefix and dependent words;

fiery - an adjective formed from the word FIRE with the suffix –ENN–;

disheveled - full participle with a prefix, derived from the perfect verb.

Answer: 23.

Answer: 23 | 32

Rule: Task 15. Spelling N and NN in words of different parts of speech

SPELLING -Н - / - НН- IN VARIOUS PARTS OF SPEECH.

14.1 Н and НН in abbreviated adjectives (formed from nouns).

14.1.1 Two HH in suffixes

NN is written in adjective suffixes, if:

1) the adjective is formed from a noun with a base in H using the suffix H: fog + H → foggy; POCKET + N → POCKET, POTENT + N → PAPER

note: the word "strange" from the point of view of the modern language does not have the H suffix and is not related to the word "country". But NN can be historically explained: a person from a foreign country was considered a dissenter, a stranger, an outsider.

Etymologically, the spelling of the word "genuine" can also be explained: true in Ancient Russia was the truth that the defendant said "under long-lengths" - with special long sticks or whips.

2) the adjective is formed from the name of a noun by adding the suffix -ENN-, -OHN: cranberry (cranberry), revolutionary (revolution), triumphant (triumph).

Exception: windy (but: windless).

Note:

There are word-names adjectives in which H is part of the root. These words need to be remembered; they are not derived from nouns:

crimson, green, spicy, drunk, pork, red, ruddy, young.

14.1.2. The suffixes of adjectives are written H

The suffixes of adjectives are written H, if:

1) the adjective has the suffix -IN- ( dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger). Words with this suffix often mean "whose": dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger.

2) the adjective has suffixes -АН-, -ЯН- ( sandy, leather, oat, earthy). Words with this suffix often mean "made of what": from sand, from leather, from oats, from earth.

Exceptions: GLASS, TIN, WOODEN.

14.2. Н and НН in the suffixes of words formed from verbs. Complete forms.

As you know, both participles and adjectives (= verbal adjectives) can be formed from verbs. The rules for writing N and NN in these words are different.

14.2.1 НН in suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives

In the suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives, NN is written if AT LEAST ONE of the conditions is met:

1) the word is formed from a verb perfect kind, WITH A PRESET OR WITHOUT, for example:

from the verbs buy, redeem (what to do ?, perfect form): Bought, redeemed;

from the verbs throw, throw (what to do ?, perfect form): abandoned-abandoned.

The prefix does NOT change the form of the participle and does not affect the spelling of the suffix. Any other prefix makes the word perfect

2) the word has suffixes -ОВА-, -EVA- even in imperfect words ( marinated, asphalted, automated).

3) with a word formed from a verb, there is a dependent word, that is, it forms a participial turnover, for example: ice cream in the fridge, boiled in broth).

In such cases, in the explanation for the task, we write: participle adjective or an adjective transferred from a participle.

Exceptions: unexpected, unexpected, unseen, unheard of, unintentional, slow, desperate, sacred, desired..

note that the words county (minutes), deeds (indifference)... These words are written according to the general rule.

We add more words here:

forged, nibbled, chewed eva / ova are part of the root, they are not suffixes to write HH. But when prefixes appear, they are written according to the general rule: chewed, horseshoe, chewed.

the wounded one is written N. Compare: wounded in battle(two H, because a dependent word has appeared); wounded, perfect view, there is a prefix).

intelligent to define the type of a word is difficult.

14.2. 2 One H in verbal adjectives

In the suffixes of verbal adjectives, H is written if:

the word is formed from the imperfective verb, that is, answers the question what did you do with the item? and with a word in a sentence there are no dependent words.

stew(it was stewed) meat,

bobbed(they were cut) hair,

boiled(it was boiled) potatoes,

SCRAP(it was broken) the line

stained(it was stained) oak (dark as a result of special processing),

BUT: as soon as these adjective words have a dependent word, they immediately pass into the category of participles and are written with two N.

braised in the oven(it was stewed) meat,

recently cropped(they were cut) hair,

steamed(it was boiled) potatoes.

DIFFER: participles (right) and adjectives (left) have different meanings! Stressed vowels are highlighted in capital letters.

named brother, named sister- a person who is not biologically related to this person, but who voluntarily agreed to a brotherly (sisterly) relationship.

planted father (acting as the parent of the groom or bride in the wedding ceremony). - seated at the table;

the dowry (property given to the bride by her family for life in marriage) - a given chic look;

Suzy (this is how the groom is called, from the word fate) - narrowed skirt, from the word Narrow, make it narrow)

Forgiven Sunday (religious holiday) - forgiven by me;

fat beauty(epithet, phraseological unit) - oil painting.

14.2.3. Spelling N and NN in complex adjectives

As part of a complex word, the spelling of the verbal adjective does not change:

b) the second part of a complex word is formed from a prefixed perfective verb, which means we write НН: smooth O PAINTED ( O paint), fresh per ICE CREAM ( per freeze), etc.).

In the second part of complex formations, H is written, although there is a prefix PERE-: IRONED-IRONED, LATTED-PURPOSED, Worn-Carried, Washed-Washed, Shot-Shot, Darn-Re-darned.

Thus, tasks can be performed according to the algorithm:

14.3. N and NN in short adjectives and short participles

Both participles and adjectives have not only full, but also short forms.

Rule: One N. is always written in short participles.

Rule: In short adjectives, as many H are written as in the full form.

But to apply the rules, you need distinguish between adjectives and participles.

DISTINCT short adjectives and participles:

1) on the issue: short adjectives - what is? what is? what are? how does it feel? what are ?, short participle - what is done? what has been done? what is done? what have been done?

2) by value(a short participle refers to an action, can be replaced with a verb; a short adjective gives a description of the word being defined, does not report an action);

3) by the presence of a dependent word(short adjectives do not and cannot have, short participles do).

Brief participles	Short adjectives
written (story) m. genus; what has been done? by whom?	boy educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?)
written (book) zh.rod; what has been done? by whom?	the girl is educated (what is it?) - from the full form educated (what is?)
written (composition) Wed genus; what was done? by whom?	child educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?)
works written, pl. number; what have been done? by whom?	children are educated (what are?) -from the full form educated (what?)

14.4. One or two H can be written in adverbs.

DIFFERENCE short adjectives, short participles and adverbs.

1) on the issue: short adjectives - what is? what is? what are? how does it feel? what are ?, short participle - what is done? what has been done? what is done? what have been done? adverbs: how?

3) by role in the proposal:(short adjectives and short participles are often predicates, while the adverb

refers to the verb and is a circumstance)

14.5. N and NN in nouns

1.In nouns (as in short adjectives and adverbs), as many H are written as in the adjectives (participles) from which they are formed:

NN	N
captive (captive)	oilman (petroleum)
education (educated)	hotel (living room)
exile (exiled)	windy (windy)
larch (deciduous)	confusion (confused)
pupil (brought up)	spice (spicy)
humanity (humane)	sandstone (sandy)
high ground (sublime)	smoked (smoked)
poise (balanced)	delicious ice cream (ice cream)
devotion (devotee)	peat bog (peat)

Words are also formed from adjectives

2. Nouns can also be derived from verbs and other nouns.

It is written НН, one Н is included in the root, and the other in the suffix.	H *
fraud / nickname (from purse, which meant a bag, wallet)	toiler / worker (from toil)
squad / nickname (from squad)	torment / enik (from torment)
raspberry / nick (raspberry)	powder / enitsa (from powder)
name day / nickname (name day)	birth / enitsa (to give birth)
cheating / nickname (cheating)	brother-in-law / s / nits / a
nephew	var / enik (cook)
dowry / prostrate	BUT: dowry (from lend)
insomnia	student
aspen / nick	unbroken / enik
ringing / beating	silver / nick

Note to the table: * Words that are written with H and are not formed from adjectives (participles) in the Russian language are rare. They need to be learned by heart.

NN is also written in words traveler(from traveling), predecessor(precede)

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which НН is written.

Indicate the numbers in ascending order.

Along the walls, covered with blue plaster, there were benches, in the front room there were several chairs and a table for musicians, in the back room there were a dozen tables, (2) in the length (3) row for supper - that's the whole setting.

Explanation (see also Rule below).

Here is the correct spelling.

There were benches along the walls, smeared with blue plaster, in the front room there were several chairs and a table for musicians, in the back room there were a dozen tables arranged in a long row for supper — that was the whole furnishings.

In this sentence:

smeared - full participle with a prefix;

composed - full participle with a prefix;

LONG - an adjective formed from a noun with a base in H using the suffix N.

Answer: 123