Games

Educational project basketball is a game or a means of physical education. A physical education project on the topic of the history of basketball was completed by a physical education project on the topic of improving basketball

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Presentation on the topic: Basketball in our lives

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Progress of work IntroductionBasketball of the ancient Mayans: pok-ta-pok “Duck on the Rock”Basketball of our time: where it all beganThe emergence of professional basketball and the NBLBasketball in RussiaInternational basketball competitionsBasketball in Olympic Games ahSome types of basketball: mini-basketballWheelchair basketballStreetballKorfballBasketball in besieged LeningradUseful sportConclusionMaterials used

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Introduction Basketball is a sports game of 5 people in each team with the ball, which is thrown with the hands into a ring with a net (the so-called basket), mounted on a backboard at a height of 3.05 m. The ball can be passed, thrown, hit, rolled or dribbled with the hands in any direction. To trace how important basketball is for a person, we must start with its history: descriptions of games reminiscent of modern basketball are already found among the ancient Normans and in many cultures of “pre-Columbian America.”

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Ancient Mayan Basketball: Pok-Ta-Pok The Ancient Mayans called this game Pok-Ta-Pok. The Indians viewed it as a metaphor for the Cosmos - the movement of the ball across the field reminded them of the movement of planets in the Universe. The team's goal was to hit a rubber ball, weighing 4 kilograms, into the opponent's ring carved from stone and vertically located on the wall. In this case, players could only hit the ball with their hips, elbows, shoulders, buttocks or back. Great importance given to the appearance of athletes. They decorated their bodies with ritual symbols and dressed in leather protective robes. Their outfit was completed with magnificent headdresses made from feathers of exotic birds and all kinds of amulets. The competition took place under the watchful gaze of leaders, priests and a large public. The winning team received an honorable, at that time, prize. Believing that the players had conquered the heights of skill and could now compete only with the gods, the priests sacrificed the “lucky” ones.

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“Duck on a Rock” Among the immediate predecessors of basketball, basketball, which was widespread in the 19th century, is often cited. in some countries, the children's game “duck on a rock”: throwing a small stone, the player had to hit the top of another, larger stone.

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Basketball of our time: where it all began Professor Naismith taught anatomy and physical education at the YMCA International Youth Training College in Springfield, Massachusetts. He noticed that students found winter indoor gymnastics classes too monotonous, and American football, which was very common at that time, was a very rough and contact sport. Students dropped out frequently and for long periods of time. educational process. The school director ordered to come up with another game that would eliminate all these shortcomings. That is why Naismith decided to occupy the students with some new outdoor game of dexterity and coordination, which could be played indoors - and relatively small in size.

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At different ends of the gym, two fruit baskets (in English “basket”, hence the name of the new game) were attached to the balcony that surrounded it along the perimeter. The height from the floor to the edge of the balcony turned out to be 3 m 5 cm - this is the standard that is maintained to this day on all basketball courts in the world. The students had to hit the ball into the basket. This is how basketball came about. His official birthday is January 15, 1892, the day on which Naismith published the first basketball rules in the school newspaper. Professor Naismith

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The first officially registered basketball match took place in December 1891. It was not quite as usual for us. So, Naismith’s teams had 9 people (the doctor simply divided the group of his students equally), and they played with a soccer ball. The news of the new sports game spread all over America, and soon the college where Naismith taught began to receive many letters, the authors of which asked to send them the rules of the game.

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In 1892, the first Book of Basketball Rules was published, containing 13 points, many of which are still in effect today. Although in some ways the “Naismith rules” differ from modern ones. For example, the match consisted of two halves of 15 minutes each. Dribbling the ball was not allowed by the rules of early basketball: you could only move around the court without the ball, and after receiving it, the player had to stop and either pass the ball to a partner or throw it into the basket. The number of players on a team was arbitrary, but always equal to the number of players on the opposing team. The player with the ball could not be attacked - it was only possible to prevent him from using the ball by jumping, waving his arms and other similar techniques. In case of violation of this rule, a foul was recorded, a repeated foul led to the disqualification of the offender - until a goal was scored. Three fouls in a row committed by any team were recorded as a “goal” in its basket - provided that the opponents themselves did not commit a single foul during this time. At one time, the team also had a goalkeeper guarding the basket, but behind the basket itself there was no basketball backboard that we are used to.

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The emergence of professional basketball and the NBL The game was rapidly gaining popularity. Already at the end of the 19th century, competitions began to be regularly held between teams from different cities and student campuses. Amateur leagues emerged. In 1896, a basketball match was held in the small American city of Trenton, the winning team of which received a monetary reward. This is how professional basketball was born. In 1898, the first professional association of teams was created - the National Basketball League (NBL). After existing for five seasons, it split into several independent leagues.

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Basketball in Russia The birthplace of Russian basketball is St. Petersburg. The first mention of this game in our country, dating back to 1901, belongs to the famous Russian propagandist of physical culture and sports Georgy Dupperon. Back in September 1900, the Committee for Promoting the Moral and Mental Development of Young People was created in St. Petersburg. His program included giving lectures on various areas of human life. And already in 1904, physical education appeared in the committee’s program, which, along with moral and mental development, added physical education. The society was given the name "Mayak". In the report for 1907, his activities included a mention of the invitation to Russia of the American specialist E. Moraller, who told members of the society about a completely new game. At the end of 1906, the first basketball matches were held at Mayak.

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In the spring of 1908, basketball, along with football and gymnastics, was included in the program of regularly held classes on the sports grounds of Krestovsky Island in St. Petersburg. In February and March 1910, the first official competitions for the Mayak Cup took place, the winner of which was the Lilov team (based on the color of the athletes’ T-shirts), which included Vasiliev, Vladimirov, Burykin, Nurdman, Machikhin.

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In 1909, an event took place that became a milestone in the history of not only domestic, but also world basketball. A group of members of the American Christian Association came to St. Petersburg. A basketball team was made up of them, which, to the general joy of St. Petersburg residents, lost to the local team “Lilovy” with a score of 19:28. It was this historical meeting that was called the first real international basketball match in the book “World Basketball,” published in Munich in 1972 for the 40th anniversary of the FIBA basketball federation. Thus, it turns out that Russia became the venue for the first international basketball match on the planet.

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Following the Mayak society, basketball teams appeared in the Bogatyr sports society, and after it in some others. Basketball gradually spread throughout the cities of Russia. Somewhat later, it penetrated into Ukraine, Belarus, Transcaucasia, and the Far East. In 1913, the first basketball rules were published in St. Petersburg, and in 1916, the first description of the game was published. However, basketball received its real recognition and development in our country only after the 1917 revolution.

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International basketball competitions In June 1932, the International Basketball Federation - FIBB, later renamed FIBA, was created in Geneva. In 1935, the first European Championship was held there, the winner of which was the Latvian team. Three years later, the women's European tournament debuted: Italian basketball players became the first champions of the continent. World championships for men's teams have been held since 1950, for women's teams since 1953. The first ever world champions were the Argentine national team and the US national team. Currently, the world championship is played every 4 years. The USSR team won world gold three times (1967, 1974 and 1982). Soviet women basketball players became first 6 times. FIBA also holds world championships for juniors and juniors under the age of 22. In addition, the official FIBA calendar includes a number of competitions, including regional ones: both among national teams and among clubs.

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Basketball at the Olympic Games At the III Olympic Games in St. Louis and at the IX Olympic Games in Amsterdam, exhibition basketball matches were held with the participation of American athletes. The Olympic debut of men's basketball took place in 1936 at the Games in Berlin, where Dr. Naismith was the guest of honor. The basketball tournament attracted enormous attention from all over the world: teams from 21 countries took part in it. The Americans won. The US team won every Olympic tournament without exception until 1972, winning 63 matches and not losing a single one. Starting from the 1992 Olympics, professional basketball players were officially allowed to participate in the Games. Women's basketball was first included in the Olympic program in 1976 at the Games in Montreal. The first then, as then at the 1980 and 1992 Games, was the USSR national team. All other Olympic tournaments were won by the US team.

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Some types of basketball: mini-basketball The rules of mini-basketball were developed in the early 1950s by the American Jay Archer. The game is intended for children 6–12 years old and is divided into two levels: mini-basketball (age group 9–12 years old) and micro-basketball (for children under 9 years old). The playground and equipment are adapted for children's age. The length of the court is 28 m, width – 15. The baskets are mounted at a height of 2 m 60 cm, the backboard itself is also smaller than in classic basketball. The ball weighs 450–500 grams, the circumference is 680–730 mm (for children under 9 years old, the weight of the ball is 300–330 grams, and the circumference is 550–580 mm). The markings of the playing court for mini-basketball correspond to the markings of a standard basketball court, but there is no line limiting the 3-point zone, and the free throw line is drawn at a distance of 3.6 m from the backboard. Mini-basketball is played by teams of five players each, although “reduced” compositions are also allowed. Matches are often held between mixed teams (including both boys and girls). The game lasts four halves of 6 minutes. The rules of the game themselves are somewhat different from classic basketball. In mini-basketball, for example, net time is not recorded.

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FIBA has a special commission for mini-basketball, and there is also an International Committee for mini-basketball. Currently, it includes representatives of 170 countries, mini-basketball is cultivated in North and South America, Australia, Asia and Europe - in total in 195 countries of the world. The first mini-basketball world championship took place in 1965. In 1973, a mini-basketball committee was created under the USSR Basketball Federation. A year later, the country's first mini-basketball festival took place in Leningrad. Currently, the All-Russian Minibasket club holds a number of national (Russian Cup, etc.) and international competitions.

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Wheelchair basketball This type of basketball appeared in 1946 in the USA. Former basketball players, who were seriously wounded and mutilated on the battlefields during World War II, did not want to part with their favorite game and came up with “their own” basketball. Now it is played in more than 80 countries. The number of officially registered players is 25 thousand people. The International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (IWBF) holds various sporting events: World Championships - every 4 years; annual tournaments of club teams, zonal competitions (once or twice a year), etc. Wheelchair basketball has been included in the Paralympic Games program since the first such Olympics were held in Rome in 1960. The rules of wheelchair basketball have their own prohibitions and restrictions. For example, “jogging” is prohibited - when a player turns the wheel with his hand more than twice while dribbling the ball.

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Streetball Streetball (from the English "street" - street) is a more dynamic and aggressive sport than classic basketball. The game involves two teams of three players each (sometimes with one substitute) on a special streetball court or on a regular basketball court, using only one half of it - and, accordingly, only one ring. In case of a miss, the team that previously attacked the ring protects it from the opponent’s attack, etc. Which team will start the game is determined by lot. The game continues until one of the teams scores 16 points (but the gap in the score must be at least 2 points). Sometimes they play until there is a gap of 8 points or for a time (20 minutes) - in this case the 30 second rule applies: if during this time the team has failed to complete the attack, the ball goes to the opponent. A team is awarded a point for a successful shot, and two points for a shot from the 3-point zone. A ball thrown into the basket is counted only if it is touched by two players of the attacking team. The ball then goes to the defending team: play resumes as soon as one of its players touches the ball. In this case, the ball must first be taken outside the 3-point line. Jogging, double dribbling and shooting from above are prohibited. Streetball tournaments are now being held in various cities of Russia, often timed to coincide with major city holidays.

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Korfball Korfball (from the Dutch korf - basket) was invented in 1902 by a school teacher from Amsterdam named Nico Breekhuysen. Two teams of 8 people each (4 men and 4 women) play on a court divided in half by the center line, two halves of 30 minutes each. Four players (2 men and 2 women) are on their half of the court and defend their basket, four are on the opposing team’s half, their task is to hit the “other’s” hoop. After two successful shots, the defenders move into the attacking zone and vice versa. Korfball is a less contact game compared to basketball. Moreover, according to the rules, a man can only play against a man, and a woman can only play against a woman. Dribbling in korfball is not allowed, and the player who has taken possession of the ball can take no more than two steps with it. The diameter of the ring is narrower than a basketball one (40 cm), and it is attached higher (3.5 m). Korfball is extremely common in Holland (more than 100 thousand people constantly play it, more than 500 clubs are registered participating in national tournaments) and its neighbors countries. Over time, korfball has gained recognition all over the world, including in Russia, and is currently included in the program of the World Games. Since 1933, the International Korfball Federation (IKF) has been operating, currently officially recognized by the IOC and other international sports associations.

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Basketball in besieged Leningrad On January 1, 1941, there were more than 82 thousand basketball players in the country. By this time, the formation of the national basketball school had been completed. In January 1943, shortly before the siege of Leningrad was broken, workers of the Kirov plant, located a few kilometers from the front line, played a friendly Russian hockey match with Dynamo on their court. Even earlier, in the summer of 42 -th, little by little the basketball players began to train. And in the spring of 1943, in the gym equipped in one of the workshops of plant No. 77 named after. K. Liebknecht, the first official basketball match took place during the days of the blockade. The hosts met with the team of General Bystrov's unit.

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In August '43 at the stadium. Lenin, two summer city basketball championships began. Since the fall of 1943, Dynamo players trained at the Vyborg House of Culture. In 1943, the first friendly match was held with the team of the Estonian Corps. On January 27, 1944, fireworks thundered in Leningrad in honor of its complete liberation from the blockade, and already in February a basketball blitz tournament dedicated to this event took place. The winners were the basketball players of the House of the Red Army, who at the end of last year acquired their own gym on 1st Krasnoarmeyskaya Street (Alexei Selivanov, Valentin Leskov, Vladimir Ulyanov, Vasily Kurkov, Nikolai Redon and others). The second place was taken by the capital's Lokomotiv, for which Honored Master of Sports Evgeny Alekseev, Igor Belyaev, Vladimir Kostin, Evgeny Pyrkin and others played. The third was the team of the Estonian Corps, where, in addition to Lysov and Dudkin, Evgeniy Tilling, Ants Käbi, Eriksson, Press, Keres, the brother of the international grandmaster, played. Sportsmen from factory No. 77, as well as Alexander Novozhilov, Valentin Yanushevsky and Dmitry Frolov, competed for “Burevestnik” (4th place).

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Healthy sport In addition to its immediate function - keeping fit - this sport has a positive effect on health due to physical activity of varying intensity. Basketball improves the functioning of the visual and motor apparatus, functioning of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, coordination of movements. In addition to the actual beneficial effect on human health, playing basketball contributes to the development of self-control, increased endurance, initiative and creative thinking, courage and determination. Systematic training also leads to the formation of independence, perseverance and determination.

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Conclusion People have long played basketball or games similar to it, both in peacetime and in war. Even those who are not able to move around as usual in life find themselves in this sport (see Wheelchair Basketball). In addition to being fun, basketball is also good for your overall health. Based on everything described above, we can say with confidence that this is a sport that has been one of the most important and significant in human life for centuries. In confirmation, I would like to end with the words of an unknown author: “Are you an athlete? - No, I'm a basketball player! - Isn’t basketball a sport? - No, this is life!”

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The project was completed by: student of class 11 “A” Poluektova Margarita Project leader: Smola Anna Mikhailovna Project goals: get acquainted with the history of basketball, conduct research and find out how important this sport is in human life, draw conclusions

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Progress

Introduction Ancient Mayan basketball: pok-ta-pok “Duck on the Rock” Basketball of our time: where it all began The emergence of professional basketball and NBL Basketball in Russia International basketball competitions Basketball at the Olympic Games Some types of basketball: mini-basketball Wheelchair basketball Streetball Korfball Basketball in besieged Leningrad Useful sport Conclusion Materials used

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Introduction

Basketball is a sports game of 5 people in each team with a ball that is thrown by hand into a ring with a net (the so-called basket), mounted on a backboard at a height of 3.05 m. The ball can be passed, thrown, hit, rolled or dribbled in any direction . To trace how important basketball is for humans, we must start with its history: descriptions of games reminiscent of modern basketball can already be found among the ancient Normans and in many cultures of “pre-Columbian America.”

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Ancient Mayan basketball: pok-ta-pok

The ancient Mayans called this game pok-ta-pok. The Indians viewed it as a metaphor for the Cosmos - the movement of the ball across the field reminded them of the movement of planets in the Universe. The team's goal was to hit a rubber ball, weighing 4 kilograms, into the opponent's ring carved from stone and vertically located on the wall. In this case, players could only hit the ball with their hips, elbows, shoulders, buttocks or back. Great importance was attached to the appearance of athletes. They decorated their bodies with ritual symbols and dressed in leather protective robes. Their outfit was completed with magnificent headdresses made from feathers of exotic birds and all kinds of amulets. The competition took place under the watchful gaze of leaders, priests and a large public. The winning team received an honorable, at that time, prize. Believing that the players had conquered the heights of skill and could now compete only with the gods, the priests sacrificed the “lucky” ones.

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Today, a version of pok-ta-pok exists in several northern states of Mexico under the name ulama. The game has been preserved only as sports entertainment and a spectacle for tourists, and the winners are no longer sent to compete with the gods.

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"Duck on a Rock"

Basketball, which was widespread in the 19th century, is often cited as one of the immediate predecessors of basketball. in some countries, the children's game “duck on a rock”: throwing a small stone, the player had to hit the top of another, larger stone.

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Basketball of our time: where it all began

Professor Naismith taught anatomy and physical education at the YMCA International Youth Training College in Springfield, Massachusetts. He noticed that students found winter indoor gymnastics classes too monotonous, and American football, which was very common at that time, was a very rough and contact sport. Students often dropped out of the educational process for a long time. The school director ordered to come up with another game that would eliminate all these shortcomings. That is why Naismith decided to occupy the students with some new outdoor game of dexterity and coordination, which could be played indoors - and relatively small in size.

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The emergence of professional basketball and the NBL

The game quickly gained popularity. Already at the end of the 19th century, competitions began to be regularly held between teams from different cities and student campuses. Amateur leagues emerged. In 1896, a basketball match was held in the small American city of Trenton, the winning team of which received a monetary reward. Thus professional basketball was born. In 1898, the first professional association of teams was created - the National Basketball League (NBL). After existing for five seasons, it split into several independent leagues.

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Basketball in Russia

The birthplace of domestic basketball is St. Petersburg. The first mention of this game in our country, dating back to 1901, belongs to the famous Russian propagandist of physical culture and sports Georgy Dupperon. Back in September 1900, the Committee for Promoting the Moral and Mental Development of Young People was created in St. Petersburg. His program included giving lectures on various areas of human life. And already in 1904, physical education appeared in the committee’s program, which, along with moral and mental development, added physical education. The society was given the name "Mayak". In the report for 1907, his activities included a mention of the invitation to Russia of the American specialist E. Moraller, who told members of the society about a completely new game. At the end of 1906, the first basketball matches were held at Mayak.

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Following the Mayak society, basketball teams appeared in the Bogatyr sports society, and after it in some others. Basketball gradually spread throughout the cities of Russia. Somewhat later, he penetrated into Ukraine, Belarus, Transcaucasia, and the Far East. In 1913, the first basketball rules were published in St. Petersburg, and in 1916, the first description of the game was published. However, basketball received its real recognition and development in our country only after the 1917 revolution.

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International basketball competitions

In June 1932, the International Basketball Federation - FIBB was created in Geneva, later renamed FIBA. In 1935, the first European Championship was held there, the winner of which was the Latvian team. Three years later, the women's European tournament debuted: Italian basketball players became the first champions of the continent. World championships for men's teams have been held since 1950, for women's teams since 1953. The first world champions in history were the Argentina team and the USA team. Currently, the world championship is played every 4 years. The USSR team won world gold three times (1967, 1974 and 1982). Soviet basketball players became first 6 times. FIBA also holds world championships for juniors and women under 22 years of age. In addition, the official FIBA calendar includes a number of competitions, including regional ones: both among national teams and among clubs.

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Basketball at the Olympics

At the III Olympic Games in St. Louis and at the IX Olympic Games in Amsterdam, exhibition basketball matches were held with the participation of American athletes. The Olympic debut of men's basketball took place in 1936 at the Games in Berlin, where Dr. Naismith was the guest of honor. The basketball tournament attracted enormous attention from all over the world: teams from 21 countries took part in it. The Americans won. The US team won every Olympic tournament without exception until 1972, winning 63 matches and not losing a single one. Starting from the 1992 Olympics, professional basketball players were officially allowed to participate in the Games. Women's basketball was first included in the Olympic program in 1976 at the Montreal Games. The first then, as then at the 1980 and 1992 Games, was the USSR national team. All other Olympic tournaments were won by the US team.

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Some types of basketball: mini-basketball

The rules of mini-basketball were developed in the early 1950s by American Jay Archer. The game is intended for children 6–12 years old and is divided into two levels: mini-basketball (age group 9–12 years old) and micro-basketball (for children under 9 years old). The playground and equipment are adapted for children's age. The length of the court is 28 m, width – 15. The baskets are mounted at a height of 2 m 60 cm, the backboard itself is also smaller than in classic basketball. The ball weighs 450–500 grams, the circumference is 680–730 mm (for children under 9 years old, the weight of the ball is 300–330 grams, and the circumference is 550–580 mm). The markings of the mini-basketball court correspond to the markings of a standard basketball court, but there is no line limiting the 3-point zone, and the free throw line is drawn at a distance of 3.6 m from the backboard. Mini-basketball is played by teams of five players each, although “reduced” squads are also allowed. Matches are often held between mixed teams (including both boys and girls). The game lasts four halves of 6 minutes. The rules of the game themselves are somewhat different from classic basketball. In mini-basketball, for example, net time is not recorded.

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FIBA has a special commission for mini-basketball, and there is also an International Committee for mini-basketball. Currently, it includes representatives of 170 countries, mini-basketball is cultivated in North and South America, Australia, Asia and Europe - in total in 195 countries of the world. In 1965, the first mini-basketball world championship took place. In 1973, a mini-basketball committee was created under the USSR Basketball Federation. A year later, the country's first mini-basketball festival took place in Leningrad. Currently, the All-Russian Minibasket club holds a number of national (Russian Cup, etc.) and international competitions.

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Wheelchair basketball

This type of basketball appeared in 1946 in the USA. Former basketball players, who were seriously wounded and mutilated on the battlefields during World War II, did not want to part with their favorite game and came up with “their own” basketball. It is now played in more than 80 countries. The number of officially registered players is 25 thousand people. The International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (IWBF) holds various sporting events: World Championships - every 4 years; annual tournaments of club teams, zonal competitions (once or twice a year), etc. Wheelchair basketball has been included in the Paralympic Games program since the first such Olympics were held in Rome in 1960. The rules of wheelchair basketball have their own prohibitions and restrictions. For example, “jogging” is prohibited - when a player turns the wheel with his hand more than twice while dribbling the ball.

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Streetball

Streetball (from the English "street" - street) is a more dynamic and aggressive sport than classic basketball. The game involves two teams of three players each (sometimes with one substitute) on a special streetball court or on a regular basketball court, using only one half of it - and, accordingly, only one ring. In case of a miss, the team that previously attacked the ring protects it from the opponent’s attack, etc. Which team will start the game is determined by lot. The game continues until one of the teams scores 16 points (but the gap in the score must be at least 2 points). Sometimes they play until there is a gap of 8 points or for a time (20 minutes) - in this case the 30 second rule applies: if during this time the team has failed to complete the attack, the ball goes to the opponent. A team is awarded a point for a successful shot, and two points for a shot from the 3-point zone. A ball thrown into the basket is counted only if it is touched by two players of the attacking team. The ball then goes to the defending team: play resumes as soon as one of its players touches the ball. In this case, the ball must first be taken outside the 3-point line. Jogging, double dribbling and shooting from above are prohibited. Streetball tournaments are now being held in various cities of Russia, often timed to coincide with major city holidays.

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Korfball

Korfball (from the Dutch korf - basket) was invented in 1902 by a school teacher from Amsterdam named Nico Breekhuysen. Two teams of 8 people each (4 men and 4 women) play on a court divided in half by the center line, two halves of 30 minutes each. Four players (2 men and 2 women) are on their half of the court and defend their basket, four are on the opposing team’s half, their task is to hit the “other’s” hoop. After two successful shots, the defenders move into the attacking zone and vice versa. Korfball is a less contact game compared to basketball. Moreover, according to the rules, a man can only play against a man, and a woman can only play against a woman. Dribbling in korfball is not allowed, and the player who has taken possession of the ball can take no more than two steps with it. The diameter of the ring is narrower than a basketball one (40 cm), and it is attached higher (3.5 m). Korfball is extremely common in Holland (more than 100 thousand people constantly play it, more than 500 clubs are registered, participating in national tournaments) and its neighboring countries. Over time, korfball has gained recognition all over the world, including in Russia, and is currently included in the program of the World Games. Since 1933, the International Korfball Federation (IKF) has been operating, currently officially recognized by the IOC and other international sports associations.

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Any sport, and in this case basketball, is always important for a person: it keeps him in good shape, helps him lead an active lifestyle and at the same time allows him to have fun and relax - American professional basketball player Baron Davis said: “The basketball court is what a place where I can forget about all my problems." This proves that basketball was played even during the Second World War in besieged Leningrad.

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Basketball in besieged Leningrad

On January 1, 1941, there were more than 82 thousand basketball players in the country. By this time, the formation of the national basketball school had been completed. In January 1943, shortly before the siege of Leningrad was broken, workers of the Kirov plant, located a few kilometers from the front line, played a friendly Russian hockey match with Dynamo on their site. Even earlier, in the summer of 1942, basketball players gradually began to train. And in the spring of 1943, in the gym equipped in one of the workshops of plant No. 77 named after. K. Liebknecht, the first official basketball match took place during the days of the blockade. The hosts met with the team of General Bystrov's unit.

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In August '43 at the stadium. Lenin, two summer city basketball championships began. Since the fall of 1943, Dynamo players trained at the Vyborg House of Culture. In 1943, the first friendly match was held with the Estonian Corps team. On January 27, 1944, fireworks thundered in Leningrad in honor of its complete liberation from the siege, and already in February a basketball blitz tournament dedicated to this event took place. The winners were the basketball players of the House of the Red Army, who at the end of last year acquired their own gym on 1st Krasnoarmeyskaya Street (Alexei Selivanov, Valentin Leskov, Vladimir Ulyanov, Vasily Kurkov, Nikolai Redon and others). The second place was taken by the capital's Lokomotiv, for which Honored Master of Sports Evgeny Alekseev, Igor Belyaev, Vladimir Kostin, Evgeny Pyrkin and others played. The third was the team of the Estonian Corps, where, in addition to Lysov and Dudkin, Evgeniy Tilling, Ants Käbi, Eriksson, Press, Keres, the brother of the international grandmaster, played. Sportsmen from factory No. 77, as well as Alexander Novozhilov, Valentin Yanushevsky and Dmitry Frolov, competed for “Burevestnik” (4th place).

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Useful sport

In addition to its immediate function - keeping fit - this sport has a positive effect on health due to physical activity of variable intensity. Basketball improves the functioning of the visual and motor systems, the functioning of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, and coordination of movements. In addition to its beneficial effect on human health, playing basketball contributes to the development of self-control, increased endurance, initiative and creative thinking, courage and determination. Systematic training also leads to the formation of independence, perseverance and determination.

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Conclusion

People have long played basketball or games similar to it, both in peacetime and in war. Even those who are not able to move around as usual in life find themselves in this sport (see Wheelchair Basketball). In addition to being fun, basketball is also good for your overall health. Based on everything described above, we can say with confidence that this is a sport that has been one of the most important and significant in human life for centuries. In confirmation, I would like to end with the words of an unknown author: “Are you an athlete? - No, I'm a basketball player! - Isn’t basketball a sport? - No, this is life!”

Slide 29

Used materials

Conversations with the project manager, a basketball player friend www.wikipedia.ru http://www.slamdunk.ru/history http://krytaya-kowka.narod.ru/history.html http://www.biysk.ru/~ basket/historiya.htm

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Project “Basketball in my life”

Subject: Physical training

Project Manager: Mitrina Lyudmila Georgievna

Introduction

What is basketball?

Basketball field

Founder of the game basketball

Rules of the game

Modern basketball

Why I like basketball

conclusions

What is basketball?

Basketball - a sports team game with a ball, in which the ball is thrown by hand into cart (ring) opponent.

Two teams play basketball. A team usually consists of 12 people, 5 of whom are outfield players and the rest are considered substitute players.

The history of basketball

In 1891, in the United States of America, a young teacher, a native of Canada, Dr. James Naismith, trying to “revive” gymnastics lessons, attached two fruit baskets to the railing of the balcony and suggested throwing them there. football balls. The resulting game only vaguely resembled modern basketball. There was no talk of dribbling; the players tossed the ball to each other and then tried to throw it into the basket. The team that scored was the winner. large quantity balls.

Basketball field

The playing field for basketball is rectangular in shape and has a hard surface. The surface of the site must not have any bends, cracks or any other deformations. The size of the basketball court should be 28 meters long and 15 meters wide. The ceiling height must be at least 7 meters, and at professional sites the ceilings are raised to a height of 12 meters and higher. The light on the field must be made so as not to interfere with the movement of players and must evenly cover the entire court. Until the end of the 60s, tournaments could be organized outdoors. However, now basketball matches are held only in indoor courts.

Founder of the game basketball

Dr. James Naismith

First basketball matches

Initially, the rules of the game of basketball were formulatedJames Naismithand consisted of only 13 points. Over time, basketball has changed, and the rules also required changes. The first international rules of the game were adopted in 1932 at the first FIBA Congress, after which they were adjusted and changed many times, the last significant changes were made in 1998 and 2004. Since 2004, the rules of the game have remained unchanged.

Rules of the game

Athletes holding the ball must move around the field, hitting the floor with it. Otherwise, it will be counted as “carrying the ball”, and this is a violation of the rules in basketball. Accidentally touching the ball with a part of the body other than the hand is not considered a violation, but deliberate play with the foot or fist is. A basketball game consists of 4 periods or halves, but the time of each half (game time) varies depending on the basketball association. There are short breaks between periods. A ball thrown into the basket can bring a different number of points to your team. If the ball is scored during a free throw, the team earns 1 point. If the ball is thrown from a medium or close distance (closer than the 3-point line), then the team is given 2 points. A team earns three points if the ball is thrown from behind the three-point line. If in regular time both teams scored the same number of points, then a 5-minute overtime is assigned; if it ends in a draw, then the next one is assigned, and so on until a winner is determined. A player is only allowed to take two steps with the ball, after which he must either shoot or pass.

Modern basketball

The process of playing basketball is full of a large number of special techniques requiring technical and tactical skills, and the emerging spirit of competition provides intense interest to the participants in the match. During the game, a person needs to use various muscle groups to perform complex maneuvering movements, running and high jumps, which ensures the all-round development of the athlete. The dynamic gameplay forces players to use their powers wisely, constantly changing their activity levels.

Basketball in the Chernoyarsk district of the Astrakhan region

Why I like basketball

Basketball, like any team sport that requires constant dedication from each player, first of all, allows you to develop endurance, good coordination, flexibility, mobility and jumping ability. In addition, basketball improves the relationship between all players, since during the game we directly interact, so our team is very united.

Thanks to basketball, I made a lot of new friends. I have become much more resilient.

Basketball makes us BETTER!!!

Basketball for me is MY team, My friends, My coach, Our game and Our victories!

conclusions

Play your favorite sport!

Exercising is very important for our entire body. This maintains tone and strengthens muscles. If you constantly exercise, you can overcome constant fatigue and irritation.

Slide 2

What is basketball?

This is a sports team game with a ball. Basketball is played by two teams, each consisting of five players. The goal of each team is to throw the ball into the opponent’s hoop with a net (basket) with their hands and prevent the other team from taking possession of the ball and throwing it into their own basket. The basket is 3.05 meters above the floor (10 feet).
There are 12 people in the team in total, there are no restrictions on substitutions. A ball thrown from near and mid distance counts 2 points, and from a long distance - 3 points. A free throw is worth 1 point. The standard size of a basketball court is 28 meters long and 15 meters wide.

Slide 3

International competitions

Basketball has been part of the Olympic Games since 1936. The game's inventor, James Naismith, was there as a guest. Regular World Basketball Championships have been held for men since 1950, for women since 1953, and European Championships since 1935.
In Europe, international club competitions are held: Euroleague ULEB, European Cup ULEB, Challenge Cup.
The game reached its greatest development in the USA, where one of the strongest basketball championships was organized - the National Basketball Association (NBA) championship, which is also considered a national sport in Lithuania

Slide 4

A little history

On 12/01/1891, a YMCA college teacher from Springfield, Massachusetts, James Naismith, tied two peach baskets to the railing of the gym balcony and, dividing 18 students into two teams, offered them a game.
Its purpose is to throw more balls into the opponents' basket.
Naismith's idea for this game originated in his school years, when children played the old game "duck-on-a-rock". The meaning of this popular game was as follows: by throwing a small stone, it was necessary to hit the top of another, larger stone.

Slide 5

Rules

The first international rules of the game were adopted in 1932 at the first FIBA Congress
Significant changes were made in 1998 and 2004
The ball is played only with hands. Running with the ball without hitting the floor, deliberately kicking it, blocking it with any part of the foot, or hitting it with a fist is a violation. Accidental contact or touching the ball with your foot or leg is not a violation.
The winner in basketball is the team that has scored the most points at the end of playing time.
If the score is equal at the end of the main time of the match, overtime is assigned (usually 5 minutes of extra time), if at the end of the match the score is equal, a second, third overtime is assigned, etc., until it is revealed match winner.

Slide 6

For one hit of the ball in the hoop, a different number of points can be counted:
- 1 point - throw from the foul line
- 2 points - shot from medium or close range (closer to the three-point line)
- 3 points - a shot from behind the three-point line at a distance of 6m 75cm (7m 24cm in the National Basketball Association)
The game officially begins with a jump ball in the center circle when the ball is correctly tapped by one of the contestants. The match consists of four periods of 10 minutes (12 minutes in the NBA) with breaks of 2 minutes. The duration of the break between the second and third quarters of the game is 15 minutes. After a long break, the teams must exchange baskets.
The game can take place in an open area and in a hall with a height of at least 7 m. The size of the field is 28x15 m. The backboard measures 180x105 cm. The distance from the bottom edge of the backboard to the floor or ground should be 290 cm. The basket is a metal ring covered with a mesh without a bottom. It is attached at a distance of 0.15 m from the bottom edge of the shield. The ball circumference established by FIBA standards for men's competitions is 74.9-78 cm, weight - 567-650 g (for women's competitions, 72.4-73.7 cm and 510-567 g, respectively).

Slide 7

Dimensions and equipment

Slide 8

Throws

Free throw area dimensions
Two/three point zones

Slide 9

Violations

out - the ball goes out of bounds;
jogging - a player in control of a live ball moves his legs beyond the limits established by the rules
violation of dribbling, including carrying the ball, double dribbling;
3 seconds - an attacking player is in the free throw zone for more than three seconds while his team is in possession of the ball in the offensive zone;
5 seconds - when performing a throw-in, the player does not part with the ball for five seconds;
8 seconds - the team in possession of the ball from the defensive zone did not bring it into the attacking zone within eight seconds;

Slide 10

Definition of the supporting leg

A player who catches the ball with both feet on the floor can use either foot as a pivot foot. At the moment of moving one leg, the other becomes the supporting leg.
A player who catches the ball while moving or dribbling may stop as follows:
If one foot touches the floor:
- This leg becomes the supporting leg as soon as the other leg touches the floor.
- The player can jump from this foot and land on both feet at the same time. In this case, neither one nor the other leg can be a supporting leg.
If both feet do not touch the floor and the player:
- Lands on both legs at the same time, then either leg can be the supporting leg. At the moment one leg comes off, the other becomes the supporting leg.
- Land with one foot after the other, then the first foot that touches the floor becomes the supporting foot.
- Lands on one foot. The player can jump from this foot and land on both feet at the same time, after which neither foot can be the supporting foot.

Slide 11

Violations

24 seconds - the team possessed the ball for more than 24 seconds and did not make an accurate shot at the ring. A team is entitled to a new 24-second possession if the ball thrown at the hoop touches the hoop. In the event of a foul or violation by the defending team or other stoppage of the game, the attacking team has the right to:
- a new 24-second possession if the throw-in occurs in the defensive zone of the team in possession of the ball;
- continuation of the countdown from the same moment if 14 or more seconds of possession remain;
- a new 14-second possession if there are 13 or fewer seconds of possession left.
tightly guarded player - a player holds the ball for more than 5 seconds while the opponent is tightly guarding him;
violation of the return of the ball to the defense zone (zone) - the team in possession of the ball in the attack zone transferred it to the defense zone.

Slide 12

Ball returned to backcourt

The ball enters the team's backcourt when:
- it touches the backcourt;
- it touches a Player or Referee who is touching the backcourt with part of his body;
The ball is considered to be moved into the backcourt when a player of the team in control of the ball:
- is the last person to touch the ball in the frontcourt and then a player of the same team touches the ball first,
- after it has touched the backcourt, or
- if that Player makes contact with the backcourt.
- is the last person to touch the ball in his backcourt, after which the ball moves to the frontcourt and touches it, and then the player of the same team in contact with the backcourt is the first to touch the ball.

Slide 13

Fouls

A foul is a violation of rules caused by personal contact or unsportsmanlike conduct.
Types of fouls:

personal;
technical;
non-athletic;
disqualifying.

Slide 14

A coach is disqualified if:

he will commit 2 technical fouls;
a team official or substitute commits 3 technical fouls;
the coach will commit 1 technical foul and a team official or substitute will commit 2 technical fouls.
prohibited obscene language and insults.

Slide 15

If a foul is committed on a player who is not in the shooting phase, then.

D O C L A D

PHYSICAL CULTURE

on the topic

"BASKETBALL"

Completed by student

9th grade of School No. 77

Chernov Vadim

Saratov 2005

Basketball is an exciting athletic game that is an effective means of physical education. It is no coincidence that it is very popular among schoolchildren. Basketball, as an important means of physical education and health improvement for children, is included in the general education programs of secondary schools, schools with polytechnic and industrial training, children's sports schools, city departments of public education and branches of voluntary sports societies.